SU60269A1 - Electrolytic bath - Google Patents

Description

The known electrolytic baths designed for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution in order to obtain caustic soda, gaseous chlorine and hydrogen, containing several parallel-connected electrode systems with vertical filtering diaphragms located in a common casing, provide opportunities for uniform use of the electrode surface.

In the described invention, this disadvantage is eliminated by the fact that each electrode system forms a separate cell, made of a traditional anode in the form of a rod and a tubular cathode surrounding this rod, separated from the anode by a layer of filtering diaphragm to which electrolyte is fed from above.

At the same time, the upper ends of all tubular cathodes can be fixed on a team partition, which forms a common space for all cells, collects chlorine and distributes electrolyte in cells, or each cathode cell can be equipped with, for example, a glass funnel, which forms an individual chlorine collector and carries anode mounted on it.

The drawing shows a unit of two baths, front view.

The bath shown in the sectional drawing consists of a steel rectangular case 1 mounted on insulators 2.

Tubes 3 and 4 are welded to the body of the bath for the corresponding removal of hydrogen and liquor.

Inside the case, squares 5 are welded to the walls, on which the plate 6 is placed to support the partition wall 7.

The prefabricated partition 7 is made of steel sheet with stamped round holes for the cathode cells and rectangular cutouts for supplying the cathode tires 8 attached to the partition 7 with copper rivets.

The cathode cells are made in the form of cylinders 9 from perforated, with rectangular holes, sheet steel.

The cylinders 9 are welded into the assembly partition 7 in a position perpendicular to it. Inside the cathode cylinder is laid

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aperture 10 made of asbestos board. From below, the cathode cell-cylinder 9 is closed with an iron lid II, at the bottom of which asbestos 12 and rubber 13 circles are placed.

The anodes are circular graphite rods 14 at the upper ends having a thread 15 and a nut 16.

The end portion 17 of the anode rod protruding above the thread is square and provided with a through transverse hole 18 for attaching anode shells.

For example, 24 anodes can be installed in each bath, and they are preferably made from specially treated Acheson graphite.

The anode rods 14 are located coaxially with the cathode cells and, with their upper ends, are secured in a plank lid 19 provided with circular openings for inserting the ends 15 of the anode rods 14.

Rubber tabs 20 are put on these ends and the rods are secured with a nut 16 in the cap.

The flap 19 rests on gaskets worn on the projections of the rectangular box 21.

The bottom 22 of the box 21 has holes whose diameter is equal to the diameter of the cathode cylinders 9. Connecting rubber rings 23 made of chlorophore red rubber are inserted into these holes.

To the anodes 14, using special cable lugs 24, bolts 25 connect wires 26, which with the help of lugs 22 are connected to the busbar of the next bath.

A tube 28 serves to remove chlorine from the collector box 21, and an automatic feeder controlled by a float 29, the stem of which passes through the plug 30 inserted into the cover 19, serves to supply brine.

To collect the caustic soda solution obtained in the bath, a dropper 31, having the shape of a cup, is connected by the nozzle 4 to the bottom of the bath. From above and below the cup has teeth, and from the sides there are vertical grooves ,. The caustic soda solution overflowing the cup 31, being distributed over the teeth, flows into the funnel inserted under it 32 drops, thus eliminating current leakage through a continuous stream of electrically conductive solution.

Work bath proceeds as follows.

The solution of the fermented salt through the collector enters the box 21 in common for the cells, in which a constant level is maintained by means of the automatic feeder float 29. From the box 21, the brine goes into all the cathode cells 5, from there, under the action of hydrostatic pressure, which occurs when the electric current flows, the resulting NaOH solution is filtered through the asbestos diaphragm 10 and enters the bath; further along the branch pipe 4 is diverted into the general pipeline, from dropper 31 through the funnel 32 and from the pipeline into collections. The hydrogen from the cathode space is drained by means of a drainage pipe 3, through a common hydrogen line, with a vacuum blower into the gas tank. Chlorine is collected from each cell through a brine into a box 21 above the cells, is led away with a glass tube into ceramic pipelines and from there with the help of a ceramic exhauster to the consumer.

Electric current is supplied through flexible insulated wires 26 and anodes 14. The anodes are interconnected by bare copper tape 33. The baths are successively gray, and they are connected to a circuit.