SU594934A1 - Method of industrial raising of first-calf heifers - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to livestock 1ts, in particular to dairy cattle.

There is a method of industrial raising animals of the dairy industry in specialized interfarm farms, including selection on collective and state farms of heifers originating from parents with high pedigree and productive qualities, growing them for an increased period using different feeding technologies, types of feeding levels loops 5 - b-month chios and the next one, P1, due to their frequency at this age in industrial dairy complexes and farms 1.

However, inter-farm farming is not the cultivation of the telegenic, implementation 1; and collective and state farms, is not directly responsible for the productive and other qualities of the first-calf heifers. The heifers, having entered households with other conditions of maintenance than the level in which they were raised, came in small soils with units to young people who do not have the appropriate skills and qualifications in preparing animals for calving and organizing them a lot, subsequently reveal the maximum potential in dairy activity. This leads to an incorrect assessment of their economic qualities, unreasonable premature culling. As a result, the collective and state farms zahhnayut n grown up to the first heifers on the 35-loops of more than it needs, they spend on additional livestock feed, premises, money and labor resources.

The purpose of the invention is to ensure the high productivity of animals), 1 is their uniform reproduction.

/ Hl of this Omsimene telok is carried out every month in a hospital b - 10% of o6HJ.cro is the herd of herd, and the heifers in the final period of the females and heifers contain under conditions aaalogpch1n 1x their oudui, his content in dairy farms , this is passed on to the first heifers with their milk production in the first three months of lactation.

A bar selected from a genetic chain of relatives, prn grown to day-long LO-contain in conditionally limited mobility.

The demolition ensures uniform year-round otor and delivery to the localized inter-farm enterprises from C5UO to the heifers at the age of lU-2U days, occurs from genetically valuable parents, raised under the conditions of the wrinkled comilex from dOOU to 12UUUU to 12UUUUU to 12UUUUU to 12UUU.

each of them by age periods through a system of dynamic and physiological loads in accordance with a given program; monthly insemination from 500 to 1200 heifers (8-10% of their total number); preparing the same number of heifers for the hotel using the complex of physical, physiological and zoohygienic methods and methods of forming the udder during the period from the sixth to the eighth month of pregnancy; conducting calving calving of animals at the age of U 27-28 months; distribution of primary heifers with express assessment of their milk production by nerve three months of lactation and suitability for industrial technology of milk production; implementation during the year of 15 lexes and farms of collective farms and state farms of highly productive first heifers of promising breeds, families, lines.

In the second-month lactation period, the first heifers are treated with the seed of bulls produced by the quality of the offspring and harvested according to special genetic programs that increase the milk yield of the offspring by no less than 15-25% of their mothers' milk yields, 25 a also, the increase of the highest indicators on the complex of features of mothers - parents.

At the same time, the growth of milk yield from the first lactation in the subsequent after the next calving is not less than 10-15% .30

Grown on the proposed first-to-carriage methods of Black-billed, Simmental and Friendly breeds have a well-developed vym, milk yield for 305 days of lactation more than 200 kg and live weight 450-550 kg. The exterior-35 constitutional features of animals are characterized by the following indicators: a medium-sized head, a muscular straight and somewhat shortened neck, a deep and wide body, set on an average of 40 along the length of the kinkny legs, a straight line of the top, wide withers and a wide neck. the back, sufficiently developed in length and in volume, the middle third body, harmonious overall composition, roll, but not a rough constitution and well developed muscles.

The method allows to grow high-productive heifers with well-developed udders and teats, whose performance meets the requirements of the machine 50 milking technology.

The proposed method of reproducing highly irrational animals of the milk type of the desired type provides their directional rearing over the age periods of 55; the first is from 15-20 days old to two months old, the second is from 2 to 6, the third is from 6 to 9, the fourth is from 9 to 12, the toy is from 12 to 15, the sixth is from 15 to 18, the seventh is from 18 to 21, of the war - from 21 to 24, 60 years of age - from 24 to 27 months of age.

The method provides for the following words and requirements for keeping animals for the first period in cages - special boxes.

Noah designs. The width, length, and height of the cage - box are determined by the exterior indicators of the young and the normal zoohygienic conditions of raising animals in them. The side walls of the cell are solid, half-slotted with a width of 20 mm, the gap between them is 18 mm. Feed is fed from plastic feeders installed in the non-odd part of the cage - boxing. In the subsequent periods of up to 24 months of age, animals are reared in premises in groups with no use in resting boxes. Duration of stay of cattle on runs is regulated. In winter, heifers up to six months old are kept in the open air for 4-5 hours a day, in spring and summer - up to 10-12 hours, respectively, between the ages of 6 and 12 months, 7-8 and 15 18 hours a day. At the age of 12-18 months and older, chicks have 24-hour free access to the walking areas. When keeping cattle on pastures, it is envisaged to pasture it for the duration and dependence on the age of up to 6 months - 4-5 hours each; from 6 to 12 months - 5-6 hours; 12-18 months and older - by 7-8 hours. For the rest of the day, the animals are located in camps equipped with canopies. The loops in the final stage of pregnancy are maintained on the basis of the provision of daily motions for 4-5 hours and the load of the movement, depending on their physiological state, from 2 to 4 km. Feeding animals in all age periods is a two-fold but to norms and rations that ensure their normal growth and development. The basis of rations in the dairy period of cultivation is milk, milk replacer, reverse, in the other age periods - hay, haylage, silage, vitamin grass for flour, specialized soft feed, in summer - green mass.

Indoor food is distributed by mobile means. During the year, water is fed to cattle with a temperature not lower. Indoor ventilation is supply and exhaust, necessary for heating the air during the winter period, providing a normal supply of oxygen. At the age of up to 6 months, the heifers are contained on solid floors covered with rubber-bitumen mats or wooden shields. In the subsequent age-related non-life, animals are grown on slatted floors (concrete, metal, wood with a rubber coating) and a support plank size of 12 cm, and a gap of 3.5 cm between them. Manure is removed from the premises by conveyors or into underground storage facilities.

The method provides for the achievement of each live body weight at a three-month age of 86–91 kg, in a stile 150–160 kg, in a twelve-month period — 250–280 kg, and in an eighteen-month age - 345– 380 kg. A six month old baby weighs 425-450 kg. To form an udder suitable for machine milking at the beginning of lactation, the udder massage is carried out every day from the sixth to the eighth month of pregnancy. In the first week, animals are taught to massage, in the following weeks, the udder massage is carried out for 4-5 minutes, at the end of the sixth month, 5-6 minutes. In the seventh and eighth months of pregnancy, the length of the udder massage is 6-7 minutes. The massage stops 20-30 days before calving. Distribute heifers on milking machines, up to t cows three times a day. The method provides an opportunity to carry out large-scale breeding and evaluate the genetic qualities of not only parents, but also of the offspring, to identify among them improvers of lines, families, to outline new programs for creating highly productive animals, raising the breed of the herd of cattle in general. The method provides a rhythmic supply of large and homogenous, genetically valuable first heifers to collective and state farms throughout the year. At the same time, bulls obtained from cows raised on the basis of biogenetic and physiological programs are also brought up for reproduction using special programmed schemes that take into account the genetic value of each animal. The annual rate of annual herd repair is within 20% and the absolute increase in the number of cows is 5%, i.e., 50,000 first-calf cows are put into production. it is possible, due to the proposed method, to increase milk production by no less than 40-55 thousand tons, and to additionally receive 9.0-13.0 million rubles from its sale, as well as to ensure the rapid improvement of pedigree and productive indicators of cattle. 1. About the method of industrial production of heifers, including the selection of heifers from genetically valuable parents and growing according to age, artificial insemination and preparation of heifers for calving, followed by transferring heifers after calving to dairy farms, distinguishing and and so that, in order to ensure high Koi of animal productivity and their even reproduction, heifer insemination is carried out every month in an amount of 8-10% of the total herd, and heifers in the final year STI n pervotelok contain conditions similar to their future .mu content in milk ystvah host, the host B-keeping transmit pervotelok considering Hx milk production for the first three months of lactation tsam. 2. Method according to n. 1, characterized in that heifers selected from genetically valuable parents, when grown up to 60 days of age, are kept in conditions of limited mobility. 1-1 information sources, scrutinized in the course of examination 1. All A.S., Isaev G.S., Yakovlev S.G. “Growing heifers in the industrial complex, .M.,“ Kolos, 1973.