SU59360A1 - Method for constructing axonometric block diagrams - Google Patents

Description

The proposed method is meant to accelerate the construction of axon-metric projections. The essence of the invention is that for constructing axonometric projections, the right angles between THEM and the crossbar are found from curves expressing the dependence of the designated angle on azimuth for different angles of inclination straight to the horizon.

The essence of the proposed method is explained in the attached drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a family of curves for defining tilt angles in the figure of the projections of the straight lines; FIG. 2 shows an example of constructing an axonometric -projection, FIG. 3 is a nomogram for determining the length of the projections.

FIG. 1 is a family of curves expressing the dependences of the .iocTb angle between a cross in its normal position) and parallel to the edge of the drawing, and axon-metric projection of a given line from the angle of inclination to the horizon of the latter and the azimuth of the vertical plane in which it lies. The azimuths of the vertical planes are plotted along the abscissa axis, and, since the curves are symmetric with the azimuth of O-180 °, they draw one half of it, and for ease of use, the diagram is equipped with two u-curves, and V. along the abscissa, from one serves for azimuths from 0 to 180 °, and the other from 180 to 360 °. With these click marks there are inscriptions "on the right and" on the left, indicating that the desired angle should be set aside from the right or left end of the rail.

The ordinate axis contains one scale A with zero in the middle and 90 ° at the ends. It reads the value of the desired angle between the axonometric projection of the line and the cross-line. Near the 0 ° mark on this scale there are inscriptions "up and" down, indicating that the desired angle should be put up or down from the crossbar.

The parameter of each curve of the family is the angle of inclination of the line to the horizon, which is above the curve. The upper curve corresponds to the angle, equal to zero, i.e. lies in the horizontal plane, and the lower, coinciding with the axis of the abscissa, is 90 i.e. it is vertical.

Since the principal scale is maintained only in the vertical direction and in the horizontal directions.

parallel to the main cuts, in order to postpone the predetermined distances in all other horizontal directions ix; linear nomogram (Fig. 3). The latter consists of three logarithmic scales C, 1), B On the scale C the true distances are plotted, and the scale B shows the azimuths. Since the zoom factor varies according to the law of the ellipse, the latter varies symmetrically with respect to the azimuth O-180 ° and 90-270 °. This makes it possible to build a scale only for J4 circles. For convenience, it should be supplied with four rows of inscriptions (O-EO, 90-180 °, 180-270 °, and 270-360 °). The scale 1) is marked in the distance of a block diagram.

Below are a few examples, as discussed in Figure 2, their method of applying the curve family of FIG. 1 and the nomograms of FIG. 3

1. Suppose that from point (a) on the block diagram it is necessary to draw a horizontal straight line under the azimuth ". In this case, it is assumed that the diagonal of the rhombus is short, depicting its planal plane on the block diagram, lies in the plane of the meridian. If this condition is not met, then the azimuths should be counted from the vertical plane passing through this diagonal, and Tie from the meridional plane. They set the azimuth on the oi and abscissa scales. Let it be o-casals on the scale B., at point (b). The ordinate is restored from it to the intersection with the curve labeled 3 0 ° (for the given curve is horizontal by condition) at point (c). The abscissa (cc1) is drawn from point (c), which falls on scale A to point (d). The countdown (od) expresses the angle that forms the projection of the desired line with the cross line. Since the point (d) in the part of the scale, 1st, found, marked “down,” to postpone the angle, the protractor should be applied to the lower edge of the rail, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 2. On the other hand, the point (b) was found “on the scale In, I have, the inscription“ to the left. Therefore, the angle should be measured from the left end of the rail. Building

the naked angle gives nskomuyu direct (ae) (Fig. 2).

2. Let a vertical plane be drawn through a (ae), in which lies right (af), for example, the trace of the layer of the bedding, the dumper, the axial plane of the fold: etc., With a given angle of inclination to the horizon o. To apply (a {) on the scale B the azimuth of the vertical plane in which it lies. Through the found point (b), Spend the ordinate (bg) to the intersection with the curve marked with the given B. From the point {g), the abscissa (gh) is drawn, and on the scale A it hits the point i (h) corresponding to the desired angle is built as in the previous case.

3. Let along the line (ae), azimuth a, it is required to postpone a segment (ae) of a given length. For this, the nomogram of FIG. 3. On the scale C, the specified distance (point i) is found, on the scale B-azimuth to the straight line (ae). Add a ruler to points (1) and (k), which discards point (1) on the scale, which expresses the search distance on a private scale.

The proposed method allows speeding up measurements on an already existing block diagram. Below are a few examples of similar measurements.

1. To measure the azimuth of the horizontal straight, measure the angle that it forms with the cross, find it on the A-scale, draw the abscissa through the reference point to the curve labeled 3 0 °, and FROM the found point lower the ordinate to the Bj scale or In .. depending on the measured angle from the right or left end of the rail. On a scale of B, or B. makes the “cKoiMOro angle count.

2. To measure the aimuth of the plane in which the inclined line lies, build a horizontal projection of the back of the line and measure its azimuth by the previous method. If the angle of inclination to the horizon is known, then the measurement is carried out (according to method 1, but the ordinate is not led up to the edge marked with ij °, but up to the curve along 1 section of the specified 3.

3. To measure the angle of the line, measure the azimuth of the vertical

plookost-i, in which lies the measurable right. To do this, find what horizontal horizontal straight line lying in this PLANE, iaormer, the horizontal projection of a given line, the edge formed by the intersection of this plane with the horizontal MOR, or a line in which the conventional signs covering this flatOKOiCTb are located. Then, the angle between the bottom line of the cross gauge is measured. On scale A, find the value of this angle and use the abscision point to find the point using the same pattern. On a scale B, or B, is located on a vertical plane. Through this point -PRO | WATER t to ordinate. The curve on which the abscissa and ordinate intersect will be labeled with the desired slope.

4. When measuring the distance 1NI, determine the azimuth of the horizontal projection of the measured segment and find it on the scale of the nomogram. Then the length of the horizontal projection of a given segment is measured by a scale and the length found is found on the scale D. The ruler applied to the points found on scales x and d will discard the desired distance on scale c. If it is necessary to measure the distance of the segment, and its true length, then it is necessary to measure the vertical projection of the segment separately and calculate the square root of the sum of the squares of the vertical projection and the horizontal path.

The proposed method can easily build geological block diagrams. On the latter it is possible to apply straight lines of any direction. On the plane of the plane, you can make an overlay on rumba. The ability to make any measurements turns the block diagram of an illustration into an exact technical drawing.

The method can be applied not only for the construction and measurement of geological block diagrams, but also for any drawings, for example, architectural, engineering, etc., made in dimetric axonometric projection.

For other axonometric projections (not LT, imetric), curves can be constructed by the same principle. In view of the acHNr.MeTpH4HocTH of these projections, the curves are also asymmetric and have only one scale B from 0 to 360

The subject matter of the invention.

The method of constructing axonometric block diagrams, characterized in that, in order to determine the axonometric projections of the direct, the angles between them and the crossbar are found in curves expressing the dependence of the designated angle on the azimuth for different angles of inclination straight to the horizon.

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