SU583204A1

SU583204A1 - Non-diaphragm magnesium cell

Info

Publication number: SU583204A1
Application number: SU7602394783A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Михаил Михайлович Николаев; Александр Сергеевич Чесноков; Мурат Казмухамедович Байбеков; Арнольд Васильевич Коломийцев; Чакен Кудайбергенович Медеуов; Александр Алексеевич Колядзин; Ильяс Амалбекович Чалабаев; Хамат Хусаинович Сабиров; Константин Дмитриевич Мужжавлев; Павел Петрович Ткаченко; Владимир Дмитриевич Язев; Григорий Васильевич Цидвинцев; Сенсенбай Усенович Усенов; Владимир Иосифович Мищенко
Original assignee: Усть-Каменогорский Титано-Магниевый Комбинат Им.50-Летия Октябрьской Революции
Priority date: 1976-08-06
Filing date: 1976-08-06
Publication date: 1977-12-05

Description

1one

Изобретение относитс к электроли тическому производству магни из расплавленных сред и направлено на совершенствование конструкции электролизера .The invention relates to the electrolytic production of magnesium from molten media and is aimed at improving the design of the electrolyzer.

Известен бездиафрагменный электролизер , содержащий отделение электролизера с поочередно расположенными в нем анодами и катодами и чейку дл сбора магни , между которыми расположена разделительна огнеупорна стенка со сквозньгми каналами пр моугольной формы, доход щими до подины электролизера . Аноды и като,цы установлены в отделении электролизера перпендикул рно разделительной огнеупорной стенке и отсто т от нее.A diaphragm-free electrolyzer is known comprising a compartment of the electrolyzer with anodes and cathodes alternately arranged in it and a cell for collecting magnesium, between which there is a separating refractory wall with outer square-shaped channels reaching the bottom of the electrolyzer. Anodes and cathodes are installed in the compartment of the electrolyzer perpendicular to the separating refractory wall and are separated from it.

При электролизе выделившийс на анодах газообразный хлор собираетс в закрытом пространстве надотделением электролиза, откуда он удал етс через патрубки, и выделившийс на кё тодах жидкий магний поднимаетс вверх й,вместе с электролитом направл етс через каналы, расположенные s разделительной стенке, в сборную чейку, где он отдел етс от циркулирующего потока электролита и скапливаетс на поверхности электролита.l3. During electrolysis, gaseous chlorine evolved at the anodes is collected in a closed space by electrolysis supersection, from where it is removed through the nozzles, and liquid magnesium released at the ketodes rises up, along with the electrolyte, is directed through the channels located s of the separation wall to the collecting cell, where it is separated from the circulating electrolyte stream and accumulates on the surface of the electrolyte.

Однако наличие в разделительной стенке сквозных каналов пр моугольной формы, проход щих до подины электролизера , ухудшает услови сепарации хлора в отделении электролиза.However, the presence in the dividing wall of the through channels of a rectangular shape, passing up to the bottom of the electrolyzer, worsens the conditions for the separation of chlorine in the electrolysis compartment.

Часть хлора с потоками э/гектролита выноситс из отделени электролиза в сборную , где хлор выдел етс в атмосферу Цеха, что существенно ухудшает услови труда в цехах, приводит к снижению выхода товарного хлора и увеличению расхода щелочи или соды на обезвреживание сантехнических газрв. Кроме того, это приводит к снижению выхода по току за счет взаимодействи магни и хлора непосредственно в сборной чейке.Part of the chlorine with e / hectrolyte flows is removed from the electrolysis department to the national team, where chlorine is released into the atmosphere of the workshop, which significantly worsens the working conditions in the workshops, leads to a decrease in the yield of commercial chlorine and an increase in the consumption of alkali or soda for sanitizing sanitary installations. In addition, this leads to a decrease in current efficiency due to the interaction of magnesium and chlorine directly in the collection cell.

Claims

To reduce chlorine emissions from the electrolysis compartment into the assembly cell, the separation wall is 80-100 mm away from the anode ends, which reduces chlorine losses. However, the presence of a large gap between the separating wall and the ends of the anodes leads to the formation of a quiet zone in this place, which significantly worsens the conditions for the removal of magnesium into the assembly cell and leads to an intensive chlorination of the magnesium oxide on the electrolyte surface in the space between the separating stack and the ends anodes. A diaphragm-free electrolyzer for producing magnesium is also known, including the separation of electrolysis with cathodes and anodes installed in them and cells for collecting magnesium, separated by a refractory partition with through channels in it V-shaped 2J. The use of V-shaped channels instead of rectangular reduces the loss of chlorine, but the presence of a large gap between the electrodes and the separation wall significantly worsens the condition for the removal of magnesium from the electrolysis compartment into the assembly cell, which leads to a decrease in current efficiency. The proposed electrolyzer differs from the known one in that the refractory partition is made with a protrusion located below the inlet opening which is electrically detachable and overlaps the gap between the anodes and the partition. In addition, the V-shaped channels may have a cross section that decreases towards the cell to collect magnesium, and the protrusion of the partition can be made of a low-porous material, such as graphite or fluoroflogopite. This embodiment of the electrolyzer provides improved conditions for the separation of magnesium and chlorine, increased current efficiency and reduced chlorine losses with plumbing gases. Figure 1 shows the electrolyzer, a cross-section; figure 2 - section aa of figure 1. The electrolyzer includes casing 1, lining 2, separation of electrolysis 3, cells for collecting magnesium 4, separated from the working separation by a refractory partition 5, cathodes 6, anodes 7 spaced from the partition. The separating refractory partition has a protrusion 8 facing away from electrolysis 3, covering the gap 9 between the ends of the anodes 7 and the separation partition and located below the inlet of the V-shaped channels for the electrolyte and magnesium recirculation from the electrolysis compartment to the assembly cell. The cross-section of the channels is reduced in the directions towards the team. cell in such a way that the cross-sectional area of the channels at the entrance from the side of the back of the cell is 2/3 of that from the side of the electrolysis zone. The lower channel 11 in the wall serves to reverse the flow of electrolyte from. team cell in the electrolysis compartment and for the liver access to the entire hearth of the electrolysis compartment when sampling sludge. You stupas of the dividing wall are made of used graphite bars or fluoroflogopite. The top electrolyzer has an overlap 12 in which the anodes 7 are rigidly fixed. The design of such an electrolyzer can significantly improve the conditions for the separation of magnesium and chlorine, increase the current efficiency, and reduce losses. gasp plumbing suction. The presence of a protrusion 8, which closes the gap between the ends of the anodes 7 and the partition wall 5, prevents the formation of downward electrolyte flows in the electrolysis compartment, which improves the conditions for the removal of magnesium from the electrolysis compartment to collect magnesium 4. In addition, chlorine bubbles rise up into the electrolysis compartment 3 near the partition wall, hit the ledge and change the direction of movement in the direction opposite to the partition wall, which reduces the loss of chlorine in the collecting cell, i.e. sam plumbing suction. The return of magnesium from the assembly cell to the electrolysis compartment will decrease if the cross-section of the V-shaped channels decreases in the direction towards the collection cell. Making a protrusion in a dividing wall made of graphite or fluoroflogopite simplifies the fabrication of the wall, since this material is easier processed by machine i, and the wall strength increases, since graphite or fluoroflogopite practically does not interact with chlorine melts and liquid magnesium. Tests of an experimental-industrial sample showed that at an electrolyte temperature of 670-6SO ° C and an electrolyte composition of 8-16%, 40-45% NaCE, 40-45% KCt, the following indicators were achieved: current strength - 160 kA; the current output increased by, the losses of chlorine from the plumbing suction gases decreased by 5-10 times and amounted to 15-20 kg / t / md, the specific energy consumption decreased by 500 kW / h / t / MD-. Claims 1. Electroless electrolysis cell for obtaining magnesium, comprising electrolysis units with cathodes and anodes installed in them, and cells for collecting magnesium, separated by a V-shaped refractory partition with channels through it, in order to improve the separation conditions magnesium and chlorine, increasing the current output and reducing chlorine losses with plumbing gases, the partition is made with a protrusion located below the inlet from the, turn the channels, facing the department