SU56892A1 - - Google Patents

Description

Wastewater treatment is already available both for industrial and industrial purposes, but the cost of the relevant facilities is now so high that non-public utilities and industrial enterprises can afford to implement such installations. Not only is it necessary to cleanse the water, but to recycle and destroy removable contaminants without harming public health and amenities. Meanwhile, this recycling itself has greatly increased costs, especially in the part related to the sewage of wastewater.

It is impossible to deny that many modern methods and systems give excellent results. But from the point of view of coO: MI Municipal enterprises, the cost of the device and maintenance of the water supply and sewage system should be significantly reduced.

This invention is intended for use in a wide range of

large cities, as well as E small communal households and most industrial enterprises. Such enterprises and enterprises cannot afford to have modern expensive systems.

The invention aims not only to obtain better technical results than previously known devices, but mainly to significantly reduce the cost of treatment plants and their exploitation. Therefore, the invention tends to provide a relatively simple device for water purification and for the destruction of dirty waste. In this case, emphasis should be placed on mass (factory) production, and not on the construction in individual order. The device must be easily transported, easily installed and operated; it must be adapted to the widest variety of working conditions and terrain conditions. It should provide quick, economical and reliable cleaning and decontamination of contaminants.

When developing the device described below, the following principles were taken into account. First of all, the device must be based on a mechanical, rather than a biological principle, based on the fact that the current bias in biological processes is an economic mistake. Natural processes that go too slow to often turn out to be unreliable if the predictions are on a restricted scale. Killing of living organisms and. removing them together with those substances, “but they are diluted, require greater speed and reliability than with the biological method.

Proceeding from this principle, to speed up the process and, moreover, this process can be carried out in Comparatively small and heavily equipped machines that do not require special art and special equipment 1 for their installation and maintenance, all major parts and structures should be made of durable resistant to shock and easily protected metal. The dimensions and weight of the apparatuses must allow for their easy re-assembly and the possibility of quick and easy assembly and larger units necessary for each individual utility or industrial enterprise.

The installation should include sedimentation tanks and sludge removal devices, and even if these installations are small, they must be supplemented by continuity of operation with little maintenance. In this case, all Impurities that could cause blockage of any part of the system should be removed from the water at the very beginning; this ensures continuity of action.

Thus, at the very beginning, all impurities of undesirable size, as well as the majority of mucous membranes, membranous and other lighter substances, which subsequently with such difficulty lend themselves to gravitational release in flowing water, are removed. By eliminating many solids, more uniform and more concentrated sludge is produced in tanks.

In doing so, all further stages of the process are significantly reduced and improved. The materials selected at the beginning are burned. Pipes and faucets can be reduced to a minimum due to the fact that large or blocking substances do not get into the batch tank tanks. The slow sedimentation tank receives partially purified water. In this water, smaller particles slowly floating forward move under the force of gravity in such positions that allow them to be easily removed from the lower and upper parts of the stream with the help of small amounts of water; with this, lighter particles float to the surface of the stream.

Both settling and screaming are practiced in modern devices, but in most cases are used incorrectly. This is proved by the repeated facts of secondary flow contamination; in addition, the installation gets undesirable large sizes. In the described device, the precipitated substances are removed in the form of water and isa-ish while the sedimentary: is still fresh, meaning that if the sludge is kept for a long time, it will partially decompose, i.e., become septic and no & TOMiy tends to rise up and again pollute the water. In most cases, the sludge is kept to such a state of decomposition, which is called "rotting, in the hope that solid substances and fats will be transformed into relatively harmless substances. This leads to an unnecessary increase in the volume of installations and greatly complicates the production of completely pure water.

It should be noted that the present invention is intended to be used in cases where the treated to be treated is in a relatively fresh state. Even water from a domestic sewage system is usually obtained in an almost fresh state. For obvious reasons, treatment of septic water should be avoided as far as possible, in other words, the mbr must be re-circulated so that the water flows into the purifying apparatuses in the so-called fresh state.

If more or less septic water is to be cleaned, then it should be immediately. After the ventilation (aeration) is closed and oxygen is introduced into it during the course of the water in the installation described, and if the purified water is finally of high quality, then the water must be aerated (ventilated) and processed oxygen also to the exit of the primary sedimentary tank.

The original wind treatment, accompanied by oxidation, is used here for septic water in order to ensure the formation of fresh water in the sedimentary tank and thus protect the slowly lightening water from re-contamination, as well as to obtain sludge, which can be removed and burned without developing an unpleasant odor.

The above-mentioned ventilation (aeration) after precipitating is required for the oxidation and destruction of those colloidal or dissolved organic substances, which usually still remain after the initial precipitation. Of course, such additional airing (aeration) occurs after a large part of the sewage (garbage) has already been removed from the water, so that very little of the work remains for oxidation.

In practice, it is recommended to spray finely and inject into the air not a part of the water, but all the water in order to quickly bring the impurities in it into contact with the oxygen. The aerated water goes into a separate tank and undergoes further settling in this secondary sediment tank in order to CLEAN the water from the oxidation products. Thereafter, the water is allowed to escape from the described system in a purified state, and it usually contains some amount of consumed oxygen.

Although aeration is performed here quickly, the effect is apparently the same, which is achieved more slowly in a large pool of water. The difference is that in the first case, it is produced by mechanical spraying of water in the air directly over the CLEANING tank.

The described method of forced ventilation of home sewage water is accompanied by another beneficial and important phenomenon: during this process, finely dispersed soap substances (which are usually the hardest to remove) accumulate together and form into. tank foam, which is easy to remove with other pop-up HaiBepx substances.

As noted above, the wastewater removed from the water must be destroyed by drying and further burning in order to destroy the organic compounds in order to obtain the heat needed for the above drying, and as a result of the combustion a homogeneous product is obtained, which is harmless ashes. The drying process is carried out at low pressure, and the released steam has a temperature corresponding to this pressure. This vapor is condensed to form a second final product, namely, eternal water.

Drying and incineration of both initially retained substances and precipitated and surface sludge can be carried out in the same apparatus.

It is advisable to use in the purification process the additional procedure described below, which is that a polluted incoming water is mixed with a finely dispersed light mineral adaslo, which destroys the smell and, more importantly, has an affinity with organic substances. As a result, all these substances are transferred to the oil and form a foam that can be easily removed. This technique is the second means to quickly extract the most

small impurities and prevents the proliferation of bacteria.

A distinctive feature of the described device, in which well-known purification methods are used (preliminary separation of large impurities, subsequent sedimentation of sludge with its discharge into the combustion chamber and aeration of water in a spray state), is that it consists of two collapsible identical cante-shaped tanks installed a number of narrowed bottoms intended for primary and secondary precipitation; The first of these tanks has a receiving chamber with a continuously-rotating sieve consisting of Set, discs, and a conveyor for separating and removing large-scale contaminations into the furnace, and both tanks have aeration chambers with spraying attachments placed near the end of the first and at the beginning of the second tank.

Other features of the device are noted in paragraphs. 2-9 of the subject of the patent.

Below is an exemplary embodiment of the device with the application of the drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a single tank; FIG. 2 is a cross section of this tank; FIG. 3 - perspective view of a single tank, designed for the primary treatment of dirty water with the appropriate equipment; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a tank that is suitable for secondary treatment of water; FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the cleaning device as a whole; FIG. 6 is a side view of the device; fit 7 - view in plan; FIG. 8 is a horizontal section through a kiln for sifting and burning sludge along line 8-8 per fit. 18 and 19; FIG. 9 - furnace plan; FIG. 10 is a verticular longitudinal section along the line 10-10 “and FIG. 7; FIG. And a similar section along line 11-11 in FIG. 7; FIG. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 are vertical transverse cuts, respectively, along lines 12-12, 13-13, 14-14, 15-15, 16-16 and 17-17 in FIG. 7; FIG. 18 is a vertical section of the furnace along the line

18-18 in FIG. nineteen; FIG. 19 - vertical section of the furnace along the line 19-

19 "and FIG. 48; FIG. 19 shows an attachment detail of a thermostat control rod; FIG.

20 - end view of the upper part of the furnace; FIG. 21 is a side view of the opposite end of the upper part of the furnace, showing the thermostatic mechanism by means of which the working speed of the incinerator is controlled depending on the temperature of the firebox; FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the front portion of the first tank with an appropriate fixture; FIG. 23 is a vertical longitudinal section of this part of the apparatus; FIG. 24 is a section along line 24-24 of FIG. 23; FIG. 25 is a horizontal section of the software line 25-25 of FIG. 23; FIG. 26 is a view of the anti-pole end of the sifter box cut off approximately along the broken line 26-26 in FIG. 25, in order to show the variable speed mechanism related to the sieve; FIG. 27 is an enlarged longitudinal vertical section illustrating the construction and operation of the sieve; FIG. 28 is a partial sectional view of a rotating, screening element of software line 28-28 of FIG. 27; FIG. 29 is a partial vertical sectional view of the sieve drawer device with a rotating member removed; FIG. 30 is a partial plan view, as shown in FIG. 29; FIG. 31 is an enlarged vertical longitudinal section of a fixture installed at the end of the First Tank and used for foam removal and for aeration of water; FIG. 32 is a device installed at the beginning of the second tank and used to aerate water; FIG. 33 is an enlarged horizontal section of the 1PO line 33-33 in FIG. 6, 31 and 32, which shows the installation of aeration devices in two adjacent tanks; FIG. 34 is an enlarged section of the mechanism for the mechanism Ö-Reme.nn: oh speed -in-rotation; sieve ;. FIG. 35 is a cross-section approximately along the line 35-35 ”and FIG. 34

It should be noted that in the attached drawings, although not about

dimensions are set, but the proportions are observed in such a way that, by using these drawings, it is possible to obtain in practice the results corresponding to this description.

In practice, the entire system must be covered up or encased so as not to disturb the formation in the tanks and maintain proper operating temperatures. The self-co-operation of course requires the use of various types of architectural design that need to be illustrated here.

The standard type of open top tank according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and 2. Its length is 6–7 times as wide as wide, and 1 or 2 times as high or as wide as wide. Water moves in the tank in the longitudinal direction and due to the constricted lower part there are no eddy perturbations and transverse flows in it, so for this purpose it is not necessary to resort to the device of longitudinal partitions. However, if you wish, you can at any time in the tank dividers in the tank, for which there are all the necessary fixtures.

SEEED from FIG. 2, the main tank consists entirely of metal sheets and has a downward-tapering shape, a narrow bottom 2 and steep sloping walls 3, crossing the wall into vertical walls 4. The sloping side walls are inclined to the vertical at an angle of 30 °; The settled material slides to these walls and is assembled in a narrow bottom 2. The end walls of the tank 5 are preferably made of rectangular sheets, the bottom sides 5 of which are located along the narrow bottom M) constitute the base for the tank. In order to reinforce the footprint, side brackets 7 are added. Side walls 4 end at the top with inward-facing flanges 4. End walls 5 are equipped with the same flanges 5. All these flanges, together with corner bends 6 (the junction between walls 3 and 4), bark properly stiffness in the transverse direction. Due to this, the long longitudinal walls 3 and 4 can be made of relatively thin metal sheets. The end walls should be somewhat thicker and welded or otherwise firmly attached to the walls 2, 3 and 4.

A conveyor chain 8 moves along the bottom of the tank, carrying scrapers 8 (or another mechanism for u-distance or silt). In view of this, the bottom of the tank should be straight and durable. Therefore, the bottom is made of a thicker sheet than the side walls, and it is a rigid trough consisting of a horizontal part 2 and made of a single piece with it, HI 2, ending with the flanges bent outward, giving rigidity. This lower trough goes continuously the entire length of the tank. The edges of the trough are tightly connected to the lower edges of the walls 3, for example, by autogenous welding. Instead, rivets or bolts can be used if the tank needs to be sent unassembled to areas where there are no welders. Walls 2 have the same slope as walls 3.

The conveyor chain 8 moves slowly at the bottom of the tank and moves the settled sediment to one of the ends. At this point, the tank is provided with an opening for discharging sludge and a siphon tube 9 through which the sludge is discharged into the kiln to incinerate it. The said vertical siphon tube may be located either on the outside of the tank, “as shown in FIG. 1-5, or from the inside, as shown in FIG. 6 and 7. In all cases, the tank is provided with a drain valve 9.

Conveyor 8 D1 moves along sprockets located in the middle longitudinal vertical plane of the tank. The chain break is preferably placed at the top of the tank, as shown in FIG. 3-5, but if desired, one of those immersed in the sprockets can be driven through the gland 10 placed in the bottom of the tank, as shown in FIG. 10, 11 and 12.

In practice, the speed of movement of the CONBEYER circuit should be about 30 caHTHMeTpOiB per minute. At this speed, the CL goes to the outlet still in the fresh state and does not accumulate to such a height that a vortex flow can begin.

The installation of the siphon tube and the conveyor chain completes the set of the main component unit to be transported, and all other parts can be attached to it already at the installation site. These additional parts are manufactured separately.

Between the side walls of the tank it is possible to install several cross-links or struts that can be useful when working with an empty tank, but with the tank installed, which itself is sufficiently rigid, these connections are not Vlad. are necessary.

It should be noted that the tanks of the described construction do not have any protruding parts on the sides that prevent the tanks from being installed side by side with each other for reinforcement on a common basis.

The smallest of the installations described is still large enough to serve an ordinary: og communal or industrial enterprise, and consists of two individual tanks, one of which is equipped for the primary and the second for the secondary treatment of water.

The primary treatment tank (Fig. 3) is equipped with an instrument I intended to receive incoming untreated water and to initially extract from it a large amount of raw impurities before the water moves progressively through the tank. The detail device I is shown in FIG. 22-30. Further, the tank is equipped with a sludge squeezer W "of the furnace D intended for incineration of the initially retained Impurities, as well as of the bottom sludge flowing through the above-mentioned pipe 9. The device of the furnace D is shown in detail in Fig. 8, 9, 18, 19, and 20. Finally, the outlet end of the tank is equipped with an S device for removing surface foam placed in front of the outlet M. The details of the S device are shown Haj fIg. 31-33. The device O serves to separate the oil from the condition. It receives water foam from device S and releases excess water from it, preparing dirty oils and fats for incineration in furnace D. Between devices O and 1) an oil pipeline is installed, not shown in the drawing.

The secondary water treatment tank shown in FIG. 4, is provided with an intake trough 12, usually incoming from the side, and, most importantly, provided with a casing. A, inside of which there is: a motor driven device for spraying water. From device A Saturated with air, water: falls into the tank. The mechanical details of the device are shown in detail in FIG. 10, 11, 16, 27, 31, 32, and 33. Slowly moving residual foam along the surface of WDA enters the foam picker S, 1 which removes it, while the eyes: puppy water is discharged through jolo: T into the tube T. FIG. 4 numbered 13 denotes the exhaust of the foam remover S.

In all drawings, the level or surface of the water in the tanks is indicated by the letter: WL.

Since the tanks are installed in pairs, it is advisable to also supply the primary tank with Equipment: for aeration of water, so that the process is richly duplicated. At. This aeration of the water device of the first tank is used to discharge water into: the top in the air, and saturated water falls into the transverse trough, through which it flows to the saturating air device of the second tank. In the latter, water is taken at more than 1 high: a level that is maintained in the first tank; Thank you: It is possible to drain the foam to & the second tank directly onto the surface of the water of the first tank and remove it. Use the foam remover S of the first tank and direct it to a single oil separator O.

The overall effect of the paired units is understood from the previous description of the process. It should only be noted that the sedimentation of each tank must be effected slowly; two hours of water in each tank is recommended.

As shown above, the initial treatment takes place in the morning of the device I. This device is manufactured separately and then installed at the beginning of the first tank.

The device I has a chamber 14, which receives a sign of water-. This chamber is small, the water in it experiences vortex movements and remains in the chamber for a long time. However, heavy substances are deposited on it, which can be removed from time to time by hand. In addition, a rotating sieve 15, equipped with a large number of narrow holes, is installed in the device I and the cleaning screen is automatically cleaned. Grun water from chamber 14 passes through a sieve and from there into the sediment tank. The sieve is only partly submerged in water: but it rotates slowly; it serves to hold up large soils. Due to its rotation, the ITO lifts up the detained substances from the howl and unloads them in the form of a relatively dry material. The co-fayer 16 placed inside the device I picks up this material and feeds it first into the squeezer W and then into the furnace 1).

Inside the device I, a drive mechanism is also placed for the slow rotation of the sieve and the conveyor 16. Both of these devices can be rotated at a constant speed, but it is preferable to arrange so that the speed of the sieve rotation is automatically controlled depending on the slump. The consistency is draining. This adjustment serves to prevent flooding of chamber 14 or sieve 15.

Owing to the automatic adjustment of the speed of the slowly rotating sieve, it is possible to form on it and permanently deposit a layer of deposited materials; this layer delays even extremely small

particles, as well as foam and soft mucous and viscous substances, which until now have usually interfered with the process of rejection or have long been its duration.

FIG. 22-30 device I is depicted in more detail.

The sieve can be placed across the water supply of the chola, but it is best if it is, as shown in the drawing, protected from the direct impact of the inlet flow. A small hydraulic head, shown here (several inches), is sufficient to supply fluid to the sieve, and abrupt clogging of the screen holes is avoided.

The sieve 15 is best seen in FIG. 27 and 28. It consists of a large number of thin disks 15 parallel to each other, mounted on a common shaft and rotating simultaneously. External and lateral surfaces of the disks are glade. The sieve is placed in the sinus 14, which is arranged so that it surrounds the flooded parts of the sieve, so that the sieve forms the only hole that can be passed from chamber 14 to the underlying tank.

The water passes through the gaps between the sieve discs and leaves a layer of contaminants on the sieve and across the inlet side of the sieve. This layer is continuously formed on a submerged portion of a slowly rotating sieve. It is continuously discharged from the immersed portion.

A rotating sieve takes to hold the retained materials and then raises the kx above the water surface iB. chamber 14. While the layer is in the air above the top and rear of the sieve, it dries up considerably, and the scraper 18 scrapes the relatively dry layer from the disks, as seen in FIG. 27. At the same time, the removed materials fall into the chol 19 and carried away by the conveyor: 16.

In practice, if the distance between the discs is from 0.8 to 1.0 mm, then all large particles of the coarse tank are excluded:

chopsticks, straws, peel, etc., which would have plagued one or another part of the installation. At the same time, the gift of the sieve of the M-surface layer M also retains many much smaller particles, which themselves could pass through this sieve.

It should be noted here that, in the present invention, this sieve is used as a means for partial drying, in excess of watery sludge collected from the sedimentary tank. In this case, the sludge is introduced into the chamber 14 and, attached to the rest of the mass of water, is filtered, deposited on the surface of the sieve and only then sent to the furnace. This technique reduces the degree of subsequent drying required and in many cases gives a good result. The drawing does not show a device for feeding sludge into a chamber with 1 sieve, since such a device is very simple.

Stones and similar heavy particles are not sufficiently firmly supported on the sieve and therefore cannot be lifted by the sieve upwards and removed. To discard such particles, the lower portion 14 of the sinus 14 is made with a steep slope and ends at the top with a narrow strip 17 or a threshold located very close to the bottom of the sieve, but not in contact with it. When the screen is rotated in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 27), the coarse material is constantly repelled. It rises back from threshold 17, and the flow of water continuously pushes small particles forward into the wedge-shaped space between the bottom of the screen and threshold 17. This is a very important circumstance, since The sieve can be turned back with any desired skrosty, not exposing the very bottom of it, and the incoming sludge always passes to the bottom of the sieve through a significant blocking layer of settled contamination.

The sides of the sinus 14 end with curly plates 14 and detachable cheeks 14. Cheeks And preferably enter the corresponding grooves of the rotating sieve (Fig. 28) and thus prevent the sludge from jumping along the sides of the sieve and at the same time do not interfere with - rotation of the latter.

The disc supporting part IS preferably has a tubular form and is mounted on the shaft 15, for example, by means of cheeks (Fig. 28). The discs are separated by small ring-shaped IS gaskets. All discs and pads are initially loosely mounted on the IS pipe, and then clamped into place with thicker outer discs 15. The latter are put on the ends of the pipe and clamped by 15 screws screwed into the cheeks 154.

The pizhny-rim of the hole 25 made in one of the walls of the chamber 14 is below the level of the top screen of the screen 15 and if the screen rotates too slowly or stops while the drive continues to enter the camera 14, then level. The water of this water rises rapidly, and the water is poured out through this opening 25.

Grn water means it can not flow above the sieve. The conventional bypass pipe 25 directs the overflowing water into the chute T of the next tank (Fig. 5-12), from where this water is removed from the installation. Thus, an o-walkway is provided. It is easy: to see that if a stop of the sieve occurs, the M layer becomes so thick that the flow of dirty water through the sieve slows down or stops, causing the liquid level in chamber 14 to rise.

These level changes — in chamber 14, to which the change in layer thickness M on the sieve corresponds — are used to automatically adjust the normal speed of rotation of the sieve. For this purpose, a float 26 mounted on a hinge-re is placed in chamber 14, which activates a mechanism that changes the rate of rotation of the sieve. This mechanism is best seen in FIG. 25, 26, 34 and 35, and the most characteristic part of it is part 27, similar to a free-movement keyboard, and the mobile part 28 interacting with this part, similar to a friccioc roller, and automatically acting. It does not require anything special.

The disk 27 has a fixed center and is connected to the sieve shaft with the help of a slow-speed gearbox down-speed 29. The fixed sieve shaft bearings are indicated. Roller 28 is secured by a check on the transverse axis 30 and can be moved along this shaft; it is always in contact with the surface of the disk 27.

The axis 30 and the roller 28 rotate continuously, and to avoid slipping, the disk is provided with a soft elastic lining 27, usually sheet rubber, glued to the canvas and attached by hoops 27, and the surface of the roller 28 is provided with teeth or knurling. The coil spring 31 constantly presses the disk against the roller. The roller rotates very quickly at a constant speed by the motor 32 by means of the reduction gear 33 (Fig. 25 to 26). The speed of the roller 28 should be about 70 revolutions / May in order to allow the rapid movement of the roller as described below.

It should be noted that axis 30 does not have a rigid connection with gearbox 33. It receives movement from universal joint 34, which allows the OSE 30 to deflect relative to the radius of the disk 27. With this end, the free end 30 of axis 30 rests on pad 35, which is connected to the floats that are mounted on the paddles 26. The pad 35 is guided by a fixed column 37 And, being fixed on small anti-friction castors, the pad perceives and maintains the pressure of the spring 31 transmitted through the roller 28 and the axle 30. The connection between the pad 35 and lava com 26 is performed; using the rod 38 of the lever 39 and the swinging shaft 40 attached to the float.

In chamber 14, a normal working fluid level is established.

as shown in FIG. 23 and 27, and parts 26, 40 and 35 are adjusted so that they hold axis 30 in a neutral, i.e., radial position with respect to the friction disk 27. Then, when the float moves up or down, this movement is reported to block 35, and therefore Axis no. 30, and last deflected, without interrupting its rotation. Movement to one side or the other (i.e., up or down) gives the friction roller a non-linear position relative to the surface of the disk 27 and the continuously rotating roller begins to describe the helix 27 towards the center or away from it, depending on whether which way the free end of the axis 30 was deflected.

In this way, the level rise in the chamber 14 causes the friction roller 28 to approach in spiral lines towards the center of the friction disk and gradually increase the speed of both the disk and the rotating sieve. Such a rise of fluid in the chamber serves as an indication that the herd deposited on the sieve M is thicker than it should, thanks to an increase in the speed of rotation of the sieve, this layer will quickly begin to become thinner and allow the level of fluid in the chamber 14 to fall to normal. The opposite can often happen, namely, if water is low in sludge concentration (small amount of solid particles), then due to a more free passage of liquid through the filter, the level in the chamber can decrease. In this case, the deviation of the shaft end occurs in the opposite direction, so that the friction roller begins to spiral away from the center of the friction disk 27 and the speed of the sieve decreases significantly and allows the layer of force to increase to a normal thickness, after which the chamber 14 will recover normal fluid level.

Practice has shown that the rotation speed of the sieve should not exceed one revolution per minute if

thick, highly contagious water is treated, and can be no more than a revolution per minute if the water is not very polluted. It goes without saying that whether the c-velocity of a sieve will be constant or variable, it must always be compatible with the character and volume of the fluid being cleaned.

Conveyor 16 is more convenient: just set in motion, from the sieve shaft, for example, with the help of the large and small chains of the wheels and the hinge chain 41 (Figures 25 and 26).

The passage of the liquid through the screen: the screen is shown “and FIG. 27 by dashed lines 20. The purified liquid enters through the threshold 17 and the channel 21. This channel is attached to the bottom of the rider I and enters the upper part of the wider vertical channel 22 (Fig. 22 and 23), which distributes the liquid through the entire height (depth) of the underlying tank.

The vertical channel 22 comprises a series of steps 22 arranged in a checkerboard, causing the liquid to be distributed on the side walls and to make a zigzag movement. These movements cause the solids to be separated, which is especially important if mineral oil is introduced into the system, as will be explained below. The end wall 5 of the tank is preferably supplied with a transverse chute 23 with a vertical flange of 1 m. 24. All the described deflectors change the downward flow of the howl and direct the flow slightly upwards, so that impurities that are lighter than water quickly rise, there are no PeiphoCTb fluids in the tank, after which it can be removed as a foam. Already significantly purified water begins to slowly move forward in the tank.

If harmful (contaminated) water has to be treated, or if an epidemic dominates, or if a substance is required to be injected that can trap dissolved and suspended organic matter, mineral oil, such as kerosene, is introduced into chamber 14. This is butter

destroys odor and immediately begins to combine with organic substances and partially clarified due to the effect of the sieve enters vertical channel 22, where the aforementioned rotational movement causes this oil to displace with liquid and come into close contact with organic substances remaining in water. The upwardly directed oil deflector 23, 24, which is highly saturated with organic compounds, reaches the surface of the main stream, while the rest of the purified water moves forward along the bottom of the tank. The oily foam formed on the surface of the water in this way is removed in the appliance and goes further into the oil separator O. Only the most ingenious part of the oil is sent to the furnace, and the rest is clarified and returned to the chamber 14, in other words oil circulation is established. Oil consumption is low.

In a similar way, it is possible to introduce chemical into the system (both acidic and alkaline reagents, and the removal of chemical precipitates in the system being described is not at all more difficult than the removal of ordinary fresh sludge.

The sewage systems known so far will suffer serious damage if they contain fibers, oils, fats and chemical reagents. The system according to the invention, on the contrary, is different in that all these impurities of MioryT are processed without serious consequences, as the system is adapted to all cases and its action does not depend on biological processes.

The direction of fluid movement in ctiapeHHbix tanks is indicated by arrows. As mentioned above, gravitational separation of contaminants is that small solid particles are deposited on the bottom of the tank, and foam is formed on the surface of a slow moving stream.

FIG. Figures 31 and 33 show details of a foam dispenser, used to remove sludge to drain foam. In front of the opening of the tank, whatever its shape, is the transverse jointing 42, which is a drainage channel 42 leading to the separator O. Directional: the complaint wall 42 ends below the WL water level and supports the movable transverse beam 43, which is attached to the wall 42 clamping bolts 44, lending regulirokku. Beam 43 t nets oolerek the entire tank. It has a slightly inclined surface 43 and the p1 is set in such a way that a layer of water with foam will flow under the force of gravity through the higher edge of the bar. Part 42 is a hanging fence that helps to build up a floating material.

 the particles captured by the foam moving rapidly are in the bottom layer of the latter and, in order to successfully remove such foam, it must be allowed to escape along with a layer of water. The amount of water produced at the same time should be small in order to minimize the work of the final: Airing. For this purpose, the upper surface 43 of the beam 43 is provided with a number of vertical V-shaped foam guide protrusions 43, between which narrow passage openings 43 are left. The foam carrying fairly deep jets can be poured out through these narrow openings 43 with a small amount of water. The entire timber 43 is preferably the lacquer part, and a sealing strip is laid between the timber and the wall 42 of the scutum.

Depicted in FIG. 31 part 45 is a safety threshold at the end of the primary tank. It serves to direct the release of fluid: in cases where the on-stream aerator is clogged or closed below and stops transmitting the fluid from the primary tank to the head of the secondary tank, as is the case in the typical SPAR system I

Rented tanks, as shown in FIG. five.

But under normal conditions, the water level in the primary tank should not rise so that water overflows through threshold 45. BiMecTo of this primary 6aiK is provided with a normal lower overflow threshold of 47. the second edge of which is welded with steeply inclined plastic 49. A cylindrical body R, which is an aerator, interacts with these parts. The cylinder R is always partially submerged in water, which constantly fills the chol 48. The cylinder is rotated in the substructures of the tanks fixed on the sides of the tank, and П: is driven into rotation by the electric motor R.

Rotating in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 31) and taking water from the obtuse angle formed by parts 48 and 49, the cylinder R continuously splits the water and throws it up in the form of a mist or small splashes. Finely sprayed water enters aeration chamber A, where it is richly saturated with air. The resulting oxidation of contaminating admixtures has already been described earlier. The water falls back within the same camera. In parallel to the cylinder there is a trough 51, one wall of which is formed by a plate 49; Falling down water is collected in this zholob.

The upper side of chamber A is open to allow air to enter, and in its lower part there is a device for accommodating secondary air, consisting of an inclined wall a, guiding the falling water into the trough 51. The sloping wall is provided with a number of steps or shelves a along which water cascade overflows, and in addition there are slots in the wall and under the shelves ar for air intake, in order to increase the air movement towards the falling water.

In the second tank, I1 there are exactly the same elements 48, 4 R, 50, R nA, located across the second tank, preferably opposite the corresponding elements of the first tank and performing the same functions. But the receiving trough 5 of the secondary tank is divided into two Russ, of which the bottom 51 communicates with the trough 51 through a hole 52 provided with appropriate seals, made & adjacent sides of the tanks; The upper cusp of the 5th trough is bounded by a raised floor 53 from below. Water, coming out of the primary trough 51, flows into the trough 51 and from there it goes to the rotating waste cylinder R, distributed through the holes 49, made in the "Aclon wall 49."

A chamber containing cylinder R is bounded by a drift steak 54, the lower end of which is welded to cylinder 48. A similar vertical wall 55 is also provided for cylinder R of the first tank, but here it does not reach the chute 48, so that water can enter freely.

After tossing up in the primary tank, water is captured and then re-ejected) up in the secondary tank under the action of the cylinder R, after which it is collected in the chute 51 and spreads over the upper floor 53. This explains the fact that the secondary tank is kept A higher water level than in a regular tank. Such a level increase is possible due to the nature of the aeration method used in the present invention; this is done in order to simplify the design, as well as to ensure that the foam forming in the secondary tank can return under the action of gravity to the primary tank frother rather than remain in the secondary tank, from where it is more difficult to remove.

As stated above, a similar foam picker at the end of the secondary tank will foam into the primary tank, and. therefore, the outlet T of the secondary tank has a correspondingly higher level.

Although the corresponding drawings are not shown, but in one form of the device there can be such an arrangement of tanks, when they are placed at successively increased levels and the release of air-saturated, i.e. aerated water, occurs from such a level that practice is much higher than the level in which water flows into the system. It will be clarified below that such an increase in the level leads to an improvement in cleaning and is accompanied by a very small expenditure of energy, which in turn gives a new benefit. The described aerators are based on the principle of using the surface tension of water in order to immediately adhere a layer of water to a rotating organ that should lift this water. Further, this organ must rotate at such a rate that the surface tension of a layer of water can overcome and can tear off this layer. As is well known, if such a layer is thrown into the air, it is immediately sprayed onto the smallest particles.

Under the guiding effect of the parts of 48 and 49 closely spaced to each other, the trajectories of the separated water are directed, here upwards and along the direction to the slope of the floor of the aeration chambers, thus allowing the water to be saturated with oxygen from the air, which continuously fills each aeration chamber A, to the circulator in her.

From the preceding, it can be seen that the cylinders R and R have smooth surfaces in contact with water in which they are partially immersed. In practice, these cylinders have a diameter of approximately 15 cm. First of all, they do not displace water, but are simply moistened with this water. The amount of water raised during each movement unit is, of course, small, but a cylinder with a diameter of 152.4 mm, which rises at an approximate speed of approximately 3600 rpm, collects and ejects the LAYER of water at such a rate that a large flow of water is created in the apparatus for each e: rotor length bar. This is required

a little effort and a little energy waste. Thus, throwing all the water into the air is inexpensive.

For this purpose, a simple cylinder could, however, be preferred to arrange rotors from a large number of disks arranged on an axis at known distances from each other, which together make up an enlarged surface for grabbing and throwing water. This mnogodiskovy rotor is similar to the previously described. I rotate it, sieve 15, but differs from the latter in that the disks are smaller and the intervals between them are larger.

The disc rotors R and R are shown in FIG. 33. It is preferable to arrange the disks g, in groups for the passage and free circulation of air within chamber A even if this chamber is completely filled with fine sprays. Thanks to this, the best air exchange bar is created in the aeration chamber.

The discs and spacers, g, are perpendicularly mounted on the central hub of the g. D-sleeves d are inserted between adjacent groups. After fitting them onto a long support, sleeve Д discs are fixed on it, for example, using nuts, G. End pins of the rotor, protruding from sleeve вращ, rotate in ball bearings or general anti-friction bearings placed in the brackets 50, whereby the rotor trunnions preferably belong to the central shaft, on which the long hub-g is clamped or fixed. This shaft is connected to the drive motor and, being an independent element, can be pushed through the side opening of the tank when it is necessary to insert the assembled rotor into the tank or pull it out of the tank.

The transfer of oxygen to the water is best ensured if the water breaks down into small splashes and enters the air into the mist. Therefore, the distance between the discs

must be large enough, so that water does not linger between the discs and is not thrown away by large drops or m-jet. In order to avoid this, spacers g are provided here with discs, which are wider than water drops, so that capillary water retention is eliminated.

The under-mount brackets 50 are preferably welded to rigid chutes 48, 48 and then ground for proper centering of the bearings, the aerator shaft. Each of these zholob, together with parts attached to them, constitutes a self-contained unit, which is prefabricated. It can be assembled in the form, welded to any tank, without disturbing the centering of the sub-holders, which are placed at a great distance from each other.

Having considered the passage of conventional waters through sedimentary tanks, it is necessary to examine in detail those organs that serve for the treatment of waste: in, collected by sieves 15, foam extractors S and chain conveyors in the tanks. According to the invention, all this waste is destroyed in a kiln.

The principle of operation of the furnace is based on the old method, according to which water was boiled by throwing: hot stones into it. But in this case, continuity of action is required, and the shape of the furnace is based on this principle in connection with it. - by requiring that the dried material be finally burned. The second object of the invention is that the dried material should not be obtained in the form of briquettes and molds, but in the form of a scraper, which, being suspended in air, will burn immediately.

It is most convenient to mark the furnace near the sedimentary tanks and to make it low enough so that the water of the bottom sludge enters under hydrostatic pressure through the siphon pipes 9 and 9 supplied with taps, rising from the bottom of the tanks, and through a similar pipe (not shown). in the drawing) leading from the oil separator O. Squeezer W, receiving 16 sludge from sieve 1-5 from the canweier and being driven by this conveyor is also located above the furnace and sends squeezed sludge into the furnace along the inclined chute W (Fig. 3). The trough of W collects water squeezed out of the IL in the squeezer, “returns it to the tank on which the squeezer is installed. As shown in “a FIG. 15, 18 and 19, the furnace consists of a high narrow combustion chamber c1, at the bottom of which the door cG for the air inlet is located and the top is open. This chamber may be equipped with a fuel grill and door, but it is usually sufficient to provide an oil or gas burner d for the initial heating of the furnace. The solid waste sludge burning in this chamber delivers, if not all, then most of the heat, which is used for drying in this incoming silt.

In the upper part of the furnace are two; a d-chola for incoming sludge 1and a box-shaped housing d. The latter is made preliminarily removed and coincides with two groups of driven chain rollers d, d and d terminating in flanges; on these: the rollers are moving wide and, the long chain tape d consists of a large number of metal chains. Each zholoba placed one such roller, immersed in the sludge. Normally, the sludge is continuously fed into both zholob d.

Tape d VISIT at the top of the oven chamber. You can use either a single chain or, as shown in the drawing, a double chain. The device is more preferable when used with both silts.

The axes of the rollers are supported in the walls of the casing d, and in each group the rollers are connected to each other by a gear. Both groups of rollers are connected to each other by chain d (Fig. 20), and, to drive all the rollers, one motor d is used, equipped with a reduction gear d-.

Since the chain belt is made of a large number of chain links, it has open holes and therefore allows gases from the combustion chamber d to pass freely upwards. The gases are removed through a chimney or other exhaust device d located above the upper casing.

In order to avoid the displacement of the chains constituting the infinite ribbon d, they iMoryT can be welded to each other or otherwise connected into groups. As shown in the drawing, the various groups can be of different lengths and form steps d. The purpose of such a device will be explained below.

When passing through the oven, the hanging chain tape is heated and, moving back and forth along the chol, quickly heats up the inlet sludge and evaporates water from it, continuously thickening and sterilizing the sludge. The released vapor immediately escapes through the hole d and does not enter the fire chamber and does not affect the combustion that occurs in the latter. The metal discharge pipe d acts in this case as a condenser in which the low-pressure steam quickly turns into water and is discharged through valve d as the final product of the process, while the flue gases freely exit to the outside.

In view of the fact that the chain belt leaves the trough in a relatively cold state, thickened sludge adheres to the belt and is thus transferred down to the hotter part of the furnace chamber. The remaining water there quickly evaporates, and the dried sludge is dusted from the chains in the form of fine dust and, in this form, can easily burn, suspended in the interior of the chamber d.

Osadki from a rotating sieve. Entering into the furnace. Through the chute W fall into the bag or into the axle of the chain tape d; while the belt is moving, these sediments roll over HI burst on the belt until they dry thoroughly. Thereafter, the precipitates are ignited.

hot, while still on the belt, or falling through its opening and burning in the "lower part of the furnace." Steps in the chain tape contribute to the measured distribution of precipitation in the direction across the belt.

The pure ash produced by this process, too, as mentioned above, is one of the end products of this process.

Practice has shown that the temperature from 315 to 370 ° is suitable for evaporating sludge and for producing solid residues in a dry, suitable for burning, and that at these temperatures the metal chains are not exhausted for a long time. The temperature and volume of the flame in the furnace chamber depends, of course, on the amount of air and fuel introduced into the chamber, and in order for the temperature of the chains to be kept within the above safe limits, the speed of the belt is automatically inversely proportional to the temperature of the furnace. For this purpose, an automatic speed regulating mechanism is provided, somewhat similar to the mechanism described above, which changes the speed of the sieve 15, but in this case the adjustment is made using a thermostatic rod placed inside the furnace chamber.

This mechanism is shown in FIG. 19-21, where the main parts are labeled 27-S 28 ,, 35 and .v8. But in this case, the operating rod 38 should not be set in motion from the float. Instead, it is attached to the free end of a bimetallic thermostatic rod d. This latter is most conveniently put in the upper metal cover dS where it is attached to the top cover with the help of a d-block with an adjustable position of the fulcrum. The thermostat rod thus hardened can be manually re-mounted when the furnace and the chain tape are in a hot condition. The rod is deformed

when heated and its movements are transmitted to the block 35 of the speed regulating mechanism. Using a regulating thermostat rod, the mechanism is first set to a normal or average speed corresponding to the temperature at which the chain tape is to be maintained. After that, when the temperature changes to the other side, a corresponding change occurs in the speed of movement of the chain tape, which is required, on the one hand, not to damage the chains by excessive heating and, on the other hand, to prevent the low temperature of these chains, at which drying will slow down.

Shown in FIG. The 18 parts are a small steam boiler or boiler that can be installed in chamber d in cases where high pressure steam is required, for example, if it is desirable to replace the above-described electric motors with steam turbines.

The application of the invention is not limited to using only one pair of tanks. It goes without saying that the system can be expanded, for example, consisting of several devices having two tanks each.

Subject and s about: b ete n and.

Claims (9)

1. A device for wastewater treatment by separating coarse impurities, subsequent sedimentation of sludge during its continuous discharge into the incineration chamber from the settling tank and aeration of water in a sprayed state, oiT l and often, in that it consists of two collapsible identical bilge-shaped tanks, installed by rows, having narrowed bottoms and intended for primary and secondary deposition, of which the first tank has a receiving chamber 14 with continuously rotating, consisting of a set of disks, a sieve 15, and a conveyor 16 for separating and removing large contaminants in the adjacent furnace D, and the same tank has aeration chambers A with spraying devices located near the end of the first and at the beginning of the second tank. 2. The form of the aeration chamber in the device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with an inclined wall a with horizontal shelves a-, under which are slots a for air intake. 3. In the device according to claims. 1 and 2, use rotating discs g mounted on a common axis for spraying water in the aeration chamber. 4. In the device according to claims. 1-3, use of a kiln for drying and burning sludge, so that it has an infinite band composed of metal chains and serves to maintain the sludge entering it in a stream of hot gases. 5. In the device according to claim 4, the use of a thermostatic device to adjust the speed of movement of the chain belt cp according to the temperature of the furnace. 6. In the device according to claims. 4 and 5, use a condenser to obtain purified water from the vapors leaving the kiln. 7. In the device according to claims. 1-6 use of S and S foam pickers, prohibitive; atemi at the ends of the tanks. 8. In the device according to claims. 1-7 the application of the device for adjusting the rotational speed of the sieve 15 in accordance with the height of the water level in the chamber. 9. In the device according to claims. 1-8 the use of a chol 51 located in the first tank to collect the deposited sprayed water and. Situated in the second: a tank of two 5P and 5P troughs, of which 5P is a continuation of trough 51, and the trough 51 is located higher and serves to collect the settled water at a higher level than in. the first settling tank, in order to enable the removal of the foam collected at the end of the second tank, by gravity to the first tank. Ci QO CO 1C c-i and o Ed sa O5 QO CD Yu n to ABOUT) n her  1 for Ki Csje 0 Date: 12/18/2001 Number of pages: 2 Previous document: SU 56892 Next Document: SU 56895