SU55203A1 - Voltage Transformer - Google Patents

Description

The subject of this author's certificate is a transformer, which allows to regulate the voltage under load by biasing individual portions of the magnetic circuit. In this case, according to the invention, the magnetization in the proposed transformer is carried out in a direction perpendicular to the closure plane of the main magnetic flux of the transformer, i.e. the magnetizing magnetic flux intersects the magnetic flux of the main flux in the transverse direction, in contrast to the known control method, when magnetic bias is the flow is closed along the main flow magnetic circuit in the longitudinal direction.

Transverse magnetization, according to the author's research, is, firstly, beneficial from the point of view of saving iron and copper, and secondly, in view of a smaller change in the magnetic permeability of iron over a period and a smaller non-sinusoidal voltage.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-3, depict embodiments and explanatory diagrams.

Suppose that two electromagnets W and W & are applied to the steel rectangular parallelepiped a, b, c, d (Fig. 1), magnetizing it in two directions perpendicular to each other. Magnetic fluxes of electromagnets are denoted by f and f.,. It is easy to show that the magnetic conductivity of a parallelepiped will depend on the degree of excitation of one or another of the electromagnets WTj and W ..

An iron toroid T (Fig. 2) with a winding W was placed between the poles of an electromagnet W. At the same time, the effective value of alternating current / transcurrent in the toroid winding, to which a sinusoidal voltage, unchanged in amplitude, changed depending on the current strength. / post., flowing through the winding of the electromagnet W, according to the curve shown in FIG. 3

This indicates that by changing the induction in the iron (by changing the current / post current in the winding,), the coefficient of proportionality between the induction and the field force in the toroid can be changed, i.e., the current in the winding can be changed.

A core having a longitudinal transverse magnetization can be structurally decorated in various ways.

A cross section of one embodiment is shown in FIG. 4, where the packet blending method is shown schematically. Each package is assembled from transformer iron strips bent along the axis at a right angle (Fig. 5). A winding Wi, creating a transverse field, is placed inside the core. The longitudinal winding W ,, (which is operating with an alternating current winding) is worn as usual. In this design, the question arises about mounting rem.

One of the ways is the following. Size b is made considerably smaller than size a. The yoke is composed of two bands Yx and Yaz (Fig. 6), which are inserted into the protrusions (Fig. 5). The winding Wi is discharged to the outside as shown in FIG. 66

In many cases, it is possible to make some increase in the magnetic resistance for the cross-flow and make the core butt. A section of such a core is shown in FIG. 7, the yoke is attached as in the first embodiment, or in the same way as in the third embodiment.

In the third option, the reverse winding W, located outside, MOHiHO use. Here, rms are also made with transverse magnetization. Consequently, the PMO is designed in exactly the same way as the core. A longitudinal section of the transformer is shown schematically in FIG. 8a, a cross section of one core — in FIG. 86. The DC winding W, is hidden completely inside the magnetic circuit.

It is possible to protect the corners of a similar core, as in the first variant, by releasing the projections t at the rem and sshchittovav with protrusions of the cores. Only sides a will be clamped at the corners, sides b will be located “in the butt, as shown in FIG. 9, but it is possible to produce a trim as shown in FIG. 10. At the same time, the corners from which the core is assembled should be of several types (for example, three) shown in FIG. Pa, b, c (nesting is shown; dotted line is the bend line at a right angle).

The assembly of such a core is laborious. The question is solved economically, i.e., are the production costs justified by a decrease in magnetic resistance, better use of iron, etc.

In the third variant, the magnetic core is assembled around the already finished Wi winding. In the event that a direct current flows through the Wi winding, this winding can be made of an iron cable whose wires are coated with varnish. This partially uses the winding space for the longitudinal flow. The sensitivity of the change in the function of / post, which is common for such a magnetic core of the magnetic permeability of LSR, is slightly reduced, but not significantly; a transverse field proportional to direct current / POST) exists to exist within each strand. However, the magnetic resistance of the cross-flow is small. It is approximately 15-20 times less than the resistance to longitudinal flow. Therefore, with the same induction, the required ampere turns are equal to approximately one-twentieth of the idle turns of the working winding. Therefore, in this case (as applied to adjusting under load), the winding occupies a relatively small part of the core section. Since this is a very low voltage direct current, the insulation of the turns of the winding Wi can be very thin. In large transformers, oil can be pumped through the winding channel IFj from rme to rm. This creates an increased cooling of the Wi and the magnetic core, and the current density in the winding W can be high.

When pumping oil, the feed through the iron layers can be calculated so as to cause an increased cooling of the entire magnetic circuit.

In the fourth embodiment, the winding W can close inside the core itself. The core consists of two (or four) longitudinal halves that are folded together (see Fig. 12a, b, where the core is shown consisting of four lobes; the arrows indicate the transverse flow paths).

The assembly of cores is similar to the assembly of the previous versions. The yoke is superimposed in the butt or blended with the long walls of the core section. The winding W is either twitching in one way or another, or, if it is calculated on a very small voltage current (in order to reduce the number of turns), the coils form a junction with the ends. Oil pumping can also be used here.

FIG. Figures 13, 14 and 15 show various options for a voltage control circuit. For these schemes, the author analytically derived the dependences of the secondary voltage EZ on the primary Ej and on the parameters of the transformer itself. These dependencies and calculations are not given here.

In the circuit of FIG. 13, both of the outermost cores have a constant magnetic conductivity, while the middle core has transverse bias, and its magnetic conductivity may vary arbitrarily. The windings of each of the outermost cores are wound in one direction. The windings of the middle core are wound opposite to each other.

In the “serial” adjustment transformer circuit of FIG. 14 The extreme cores have constant conduction, i.e., these cores have transverse magnetization. In this case, the magnetization can be strengthened in one core and reduced in another, or vice versa. The relationship between the wires and the dimness of the outermost cores can vary over a wide range, for example, from / n 50 to m -ff-.

Ov

Thus, it is either made positive or negative, if desired, and can change quite smoothly.

In the “integrated series transformer” circuit of FIG. The 15 extreme cores have variable conductivity, and the two middle cores I and II are symmetrically applied to the windings.

A serious issue when applying adjustment with both conventional longitudinal magnetization and the proposed transverse magnetization is the possibility of the appearance of higher harmonics. It has already been proposed to apply longitudinal magnetization in such a way that one half of the core is magnetized along the length by a direct current in one, the other in the opposite direction. From this, in the author’s opinion, the non-sinusoidality disappears. In fact, as the analysis shows, this is not so: with longitudinal bias, this method does not give any advantages. Meanwhile, transverse magnetization is advantageous by less non-sinusoidal. At the same time, it is possible to almost completely eliminate the higher harmonics.

If there is a third harmonic in the current, the path can be opened in one way or another.

In the transformer of FIG. 14, a compensating winding K can be installed on the rod A, and these windings of the transformers of the three phases must be connected in a triangle, as shown in FIG. 16. In view of the sinusoidal EI and the flux in the middle core, the compensation winding on the other extreme core B may be absent, t & as the sinusoidal flux in the rod B is obtained automatically.

. In the circuit of FIG. 13 it is enough to include in the triangle the other side of the transformer, all the windings of which are wound in one direction.

In the diagram of FIG. 15, any of sides 1 and E can be included in this way.

The use of direct current to effect bias is a significant disadvantage. It can be eliminated by using the AC target.

For this purpose, the magnetic core is made of L consecutive or parallel sections, in each of which an alternating current is excited by an individual field of adjustable transverse magnetization, all N fields in this case constitute a symmetric multiphase system.

The magnetic circuit of three parallel paths covered by a common AC power winding and having individual transverse magnetization from the windings /, //, /// is shown in FIG. 17

The analysis of the author shows that in such a system the magnetic conductivity of the magnetic circuit is kept constant for a period, as was the case in the case of a direct current bias, and that only minor amplitude oscillations of magnetic conductivity with a frequency remain. Moreover, if N is a multiple of

three, the effect of these oscillations may be destroyed by the compensation windings.

Finally, you can apply a series-parallel connection of the sections of the magnetic circuit. For example, the magnetic core may consist of three parallel paths, each of which is divided into two sections. Elements are produced that are magnetized by a phase current.

In this bias system, the transverse magnetization induction should be no less, and preferably more than the induction of the power winding field, otherwise the harmonics of the latter will be higher harmonic.

A transverse biasing field with a multi-phase current can be imposed on a rotating field created by a force current. Let be

The core is provided with a winding of longitudinal magnetization with a power current and a winding OA of a transverse magnetization with a power current. Through the longitudinal winding flows the power current / sin 0) 2, through the winding Oh And the current flows / fe / cosu). Accordingly, the amperages will be (L IF) sin u) and (L IF) with OS W #. They will create a rotating field.

In reality, the OA winding will have to be made up of two windings, each of which is included in the dissection of the two other phases, and the turns are wound oppositely and the number of turns in each is 3 times less than in the longitudinal winding, because

sin ((ut - - sin (tut -j - 1/3 cos id

Suppose now that such a core is divided into N elements, in each of which the specified rotating field is excited from the power current. In addition, there are windings of adjustable transverse magnetization, giving in each element amperwitches

(Li7) .8sh (“) + A;).

If N is sufficiently large, at any moment we will have the same picture: in one of the elements, the vector of the rotating field is co2.

makes an angle with the direction of transverse magnetization; at the other side, the angle –vj; at the third angle

etc.

If for six instants of a single period of current the graphical construction of vector diagrams of magnetic fluxes of all A of the magnetic circuit elements is performed and for each element the geometric sum of the rotating field vector and the transverse magnetization field vector is determined, then the algebraic sum of these N geometric sums will be almost constant for all instants, t . e. the total magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit remains unchanged for the period, and the occurrence of harmonics will be eliminated. implement as shown in FIG. 18. The core, in addition to the main power winding of the OS, has a series of pairs of magnetizing windings GI-GI, G, -G /, etc., etc. The magnetic flux excited by the pair of windings of the corresponding element of the magnetic circuit closes in the element itself.

In L elements (in Fig. 18, taken 7V 6), a 2L-phase current flows (12-phase can flow in the circuit, but generally speaking, the b-phase current can be limited).

Arguing as before, we can conclude that the total magnetic resistance of the magnet will be constant over the period. There will be some neglected effect from small flows relative to different windings, but it will not change the picture, because these flows form a multiphase system.

If the field of the power current (from the OS winding) is made comparable with the biasing field, then the magnetic resistance will still periodically change over a period.

However, it is possible to excite in the elements such a field, closed in each element, proportional to the force current, which will attenuate this change in the magnetic conductivity over a period that can generate higher harmonics.

The analysis shows that this field should be cosine. Thus, if in all the elements we excite a cosine field, then the total magnetic resistance also under the action of the working field will be almost constant. True, although complete constancy does not take place here, as in the case of a rotating field, smoothing is still very large.

Inserting a high voltage current into a transverse magnetization winding (and generally into a bias winding) to produce a transverse component of a rotating field excited by a power current (as well as a cosine component with an alternating current in an alternating current), is best done through transformers. FIG. nineteen.

Zdes AI, A ,, AZ - the main power windings with currents 1-, h, / 3;

Sj, 82, BQ-lowering windings with currents kli, kL, kl, where k is the transformation coefficient, C, C, Su .. are the transverse magnetization windings.

Each of windings C consists of N consecutive parts according to the number of elements in the magnetic circuit.

The multiphase regulated bias current can be taken from a potential regulator or the like, or from a special small transformer with a regulated direct current biasing.

When using such an apparatus as a controlled reactor, the voltage drop at the latter will be equal to Е (1 - | - a), where a varies from zero to some a ,,,,.

The constant component of this voltage drop needs to be compensated, for example, by switching on a booster voltage-free unregulated transformer, but the latter can be combined with the reactor in one apparatus using the reactor magnetic circuit. Such an apparatus is shown in FIG. 20, where A, D, DS are compensating windings. L / - neutral. The remaining windings are the same as in FIG. nineteen.

Similarly, the circuitry of FIG. 13 and I. The windings of the transverse component of the rotating field are included from other phases (for example, FIG. 21 for a serial transformer, where down-voltage windings F /, Fj, F; ..., etc.) are added.

The most unusual with transverse magnetization are tubular cores.

One of the possible structures is schematically given in FIG. 22 (cut). FIG. 23 shows the structural elements, namely the transformer iron strip curved by the “trough” and the corners of the same iron. The corners must be different, which can be achieved

with the appropriate opening of the workpiece or the processing of the tutu on whispering. The advantage of the design is that the bale is well pressed.

The core is blended around the transverse biasing winding (for example, two stages are shown in Figs. 24 and 25). Such a core of six consecutive elements is shown in FIG. 26

In the future, it is possible to wind the cores-tubes of special tape transformer iron, which requires special manufacturing devices.

FIG. 27 shows the basic construction of a transformer, made according to the invention, with adjustable bias and with higher harmonic compensation. Here is the 5-core of the transformer, I - rmo, A and D - winding of the lower and higher voltage. Between the windings are inserted two cylinders B- and B .. of transformer iron, placed on each other. These cylinders are covered by transverse biasing windings Cj and C, formed as toroids. The windings Cj and Cj each consist of two parallel branches. One branch (denoted by C and C3) is flowed around an adjustable direct current, and on two cylinders is opposite, the other (denoted by C and) is flowed around by an alternating current. The windings and C are connected in series, so that they form one winding C. The winding C consists of two parallel branches Cr and C /. The ends of the branches are indicated by i, b, and Of bf, respectively. With these ends, the winding C / is connected in series with the working low-voltage winding of another phase, and the winding C / is connected in series with the low-voltage winding of the third phase.

The windings L and D excite in the toroid a dissipation flow proportional to the operating current A The winding C excites the transverse flow that lags 90 ° in time and is also proportional to the operating current.

The coils are chosen so as to form a rotating field in a circle or an ellipse. For simplicity, let us first assume that the field rotates in a circle. It is necessary that this mode not be disturbed by changing the magnetic permeability p-. This requirement would be met if there were no air surveillance in the longitudinal direction along the cylindhoroid. It turns out that even in the presence of an air gap, the mode will not change with a change (i.e., the rotation curve - a circle or. An ellipse will retain its shape, only changing like itself ;, if parallel to the windings of Cr and C / turn on, respectively selected non-ferromagnetic self-induction L, as shown in Fig. 27. The transverse magnetization by direct current is directed in different directions (for example, in B - along the clock around the axis of the core, and in BC - against the arrow).

Structurally, the toroid magnetic circuit is arranged, for example, as follows. It is blended (by winding or with a lining) overlap with the laying of a press spun 0.35-0.7 mm thick in places where there is no overlap of blend. Thus, it has a wall thickness of approximately 2-3 times the thickness of the active iron cross section. FIG. 28 upper rnm then. All transverse magnetization windings are located on the FG and NK segments. There are gaps TP and T (Fig. 27), which should be filled with iron if possible. For this purpose, serve the segment plates U (Fig. 28), assembled from transformer iron without gaskets from a press plate. A sufficiently active cross section of these patches, Y, and a small induction of longitudinal flow in them can be achieved, so that the magnetic resistance can be neglected. The remaining air (more precisely, oil, generally non-ferromagnetic) gap will be compensated for by self-induction of L. In general, the influence of the iron of the linings Y can also be compensated by inserting the appropriate (small) amount of iron into both self-induction L.

The DC windings Cj and Cr are parallel to the source of controlled voltage.

Each winding C can be broken into N parallel branches fed from curved elements. By means of the controller (Fig. 29), it is possible to turn on an arbitrary number of branches and thereby regulate the DC field. FIG. 29 is designated: U-caprox battery, L and C - reactor and capacitor for smoothing the rectified current, e - constant AC voltage.

If the phase windings of a transformer's lower voltage are relatively multi kVolts, then it is more convenient to wind the Cg and C / (transverse magnetizing with alternating current to create a rotating field component) not directly to the windings of the lower voltage, but through the current transformer, t. e. connect to additional special low voltage (and low power) windings mounted on the main cores of the S phases.

The designs of the transverse magnetization cores described above are relatively complex, and this may be the reason for the difficulties in re-engineering the invention, however, a design that is technologically much simpler and has besides that a number of advantages can be proposed.

FIG. 30, 31, 32 shows a section of the core in three projections. Vertical lines indicate the direction of the planes of the sheets. The core is divided into several packages, in this case four. The transverse magnetization field closes in each packet, the passage of the long sides 1 along the sheets, the planes of which are vertical (if the axis of the core is vertical) and the short sides of the frame 2 along the sheets with horizontal planes. Thus, the joint occurs between sheets whose planes are mutually perpendicular. A thin insulation of cambric or varnished paper with a thickness of 0.15-0.05 mm or even less is laid in the joint. The sides 2 are strongly pressed against the sides 1 (preferably through an elastic pad from the outside in order to press each sheet). The flux in each packet is induced by transverse magnetization winding between the sides of the packet. The packages can be closely pressed together, but through an insulation layer of the order of 0.1 mm to reduce the risk of electrical contact between the short sides of the packages.

FIG. 33 and 34 schematically shows the magnetic circuit. The windings of transverse magnetization are made so that they consist of four parts, each corresponding to one „core. In this way, the transverse magnetization windings can be sealed first, then the usual windings 3 of the longitudinal magnetization are put on, then the cores are welded (or joined into a joint). This is achieved by winding in the form shown in FIG. 35, bends over the line MN, then is inserted into the slots of two adjacent packets, then the sides 2 are applied; now the core is assembled, the windings of the longitudinal magnetization can be put on and the magnetic core is assembled.

From the point of view of the fire of eddy currents, this structure, if carefully carried out, does not pose a greater danger than the usual structure of the magnetic circuit. The winding of the longitudinal magnetization can cause eddy currents, if the shorting of the TC sheets. In this case, the isolation of the junction of the junction and 2 will not allow shorting, and the induced e. d. reduced in comparison with previous constructions (this efc. induces a flow that covers only the area of the package section). The transverse magnetization winding provides currents whose longitudinal field is destroyed in each core. Even if in a sheet of sheets, which are a continuation of one another, shorting the vehicle, there is no danger of overheating.

with the number of packets in the core, the volume of copper windings of transverse magnetization will increase slightly (however, cooling issues must be taken into account). Maybe take the number of packets equal to two.

With several packages, the section of the core can be shaped, close to a circle, due to the different lengths of the sides / packages. The sides 2 of the longitudinal flow are not conducted, the induction in them is much less than in the sides of the /, and they will not introduce a noticeable distortion into the picture of the vras, which does not provide the existing floor.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (10)

1.Transformer with voltage regulation under load by means of constant or alternating current magnetisation of individual sections of the transformer magnetic circuit, which is equipped with several cores per phase to accommodate serially connected parts of the primary and secondary windings, characterized in that the magnetic system of the transformer is designed in this way and the auxiliary magnetizing winding is positioned so that the magnetic flux created by the latter is closed in a plane perpendicular to the plane the bones of the main magnetic flux circuit of the transformer. 2. The form of the transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that the cores of the magnetic system or the whole magnetic system are provided with longitudinal channels in which a biasing winding is placed with conductors running along the cores. 3. The form of the transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to eliminate higher harmonic alternating currents, the magnetic circuit is made of V consecutive or parallel sections, in each of which there is a separate flow from the auxiliary winding of the alternating current, all V Flows make up a symmetric multi-phase system. 4. The form of the transformer according to claim 3, characterized in that the flow created by the alternating current in the auxiliary winding is shifted in time by 90 ° relative to the main flow to obtain a rotating magnetic field in the magnetic circuit. 5. The form of the transformer in PP. 1 and 3, characterized in that the DC windings bias in the longitudinal and transverse directions are designed in such a way that the spatial vectors of the constant flux in the N elements form a symmetric radiation system, i.e. shifted to the corners. 6. The form of the transformer in PP. 4 and o, characterized by the use of Bi and BZ cylinders made of transformer iron located between the primary and secondary windings, on which the biasing windings of alternating current and direct current are applied. 7. The form of the transformer according to claim 6, characterized in that, in order to more fully eliminate the high harmonic, the amperages of the alternating current biasing winding are chosen so that a rotating ellipsoidal field takes place in the cores BI and B. 8. In the transformer on PP. 6, 7, to compensate for the effects of non-magnetic gaps in the path of the longitudinal magnetic flux, the use of reactive coils without iron or with a small amount of iron, connected in parallel to the biasing windings of alternating current, creating a transverse flow. 9. In a transformer in PP. 1-8 Use a DC magnetizing winding divided into a number of parallel branches to connect one or another number of them to the DC network using a controller. 10. The form of the transformer according to claim 1, wherein that the transformer cores are divided into a series of packets /, covered by magnetic windings in such a way that the cross flow is closed in each packet through the frame 2, the plane of the sheets of which are perpendicular to the plane | sheets of the specified package. % O f g 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 Yu P Jnocm K Ann to the author's certificate of V. No. 55203 FIG. five ff / fa)  / (a) A. Karaseva WU /// /// 7 // fig fig fig.H (( Fig.31 . CD cut figs -S to the author's testimony of V.. 55203 FIG 12 Section A.A. A. Karaseva, (aj ( fig15 Ve, copyright certificate V.A. Karasev No. 55203 f, V.  /, p, s; 2 00 FIG 17 : /// FIG. 18 G G-g E copyright certificate B. A, 8, U-uj .. s; Sch 2 55203 fig19 L / . A. Karaseva R WITH L FIG. 16 Tltt with about M PP 1C ev w S3 0h Sat & b 00 E to author's certificate of V.A. Karasev fig 23 . P ) tp 2  55203 D.27 fj -FIG.26 ..- ::::: - f..I sig.29 6 o °°° Fig.28 with /.Ai .5 / 0 / i ° f -7 / fL /