SU546285A3 - Lubricant - Google Patents

Description

(54) LUBRICANT MATERIAL

This invention relates to lubricants.

Known lubricant containing a mixture of mineral and synthetic essential oils.

The disadvantages of the known lubricant material include rather low resistance to oxidation and poor viscosity properties at low temperatures.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a lubricant - it is achieved by using 10-9 O wt.% Of an alkaryluhydrocarbon mixture containing (wt.%) As synthetic oil:

Di-No-alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, where alkyl contains 6-18 carbon atoms, and the aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene,

ol xylene 61-92

Trialkylmetal tetrahydro naphthalenes 5-30

Alkylaromatic carbohydrates up to 100 years

Alkylarylhydrocarbons, viscosity index 80-116, t.tek. 1-4 O) - (-80) ° C, they say. weight 350-526, contain alkyl of 6-18, preferably 10-15 carbon atoms, and aryl, which is phenyl, tolyl or xylyl, preferably phenyl. Most often, they are straight or branched chain di-p-alkyl benzenes.

Used trialkyl-substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes of the general formula

RI

where R - R are the same or different aj keels, and I, and Rj together contain 614, and R and R - 9 - 17 carbon atoms.

Typically, trialkyl-substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes have almost the same bale & molecular weight as di-p-alkylbenzenes. Synthetic masses are obtained by various methods, for example, by combining benzene and tetrahydroaphthalivum or a mixture of mononaf-alklbeneols in a dialkyl mixture of tetrahydrovaphthalevus with a corresponding cyrssaaoA agent. It is advisable to produce synthetic oils by dissociating raw materials with a high content of mono-alkyl ash in the presence of HF - P Р, methyl bromide aluminum chloride as a catalyst. For example, to obtain a synthetic oil, the fraction of hydrocarbons C with a straight chain is separated from the oil distillate without olefins, chlorinated to form 1 O-35 mol% monochlorinated hydrocarbons with a straight chain, alkylated aromatic compounds such as as benzene, the resulting product in the presence of an alkylation catalyst and isolate the monoalkylbenzenes fraction by distillation. The fraction of hydrocarbons Cg-C is separated by conventional methods — fractionation of the raw material of the resulting monoalkyl benzene fraction. The disproportionation of raw materials with a high content of monoalkylbenzenes is best carried out in the presence of 0.1-10, preferably 0.5-5% by weight of a catalyst, for example aluminum chloride. Sometimes 4 wt.% Of promoters, such as hydrogen chloride and water (based on the amount of catalyst), are used. Disproportionation is usually carried out at 20-130, better at 65-120 ° C. Upon completion of the reaction, benzene, paraffins and unreacted mono-p-alkylbenzenes are distilled off and the fraction boiling at 165-ZOO C / 5 mm, with an average molecular weight of 350-470, is isolated. The lower boiling point of the fraction may be 185 C / / 5 mm or 197 C / 5 mm. Mineral oils usually use light and naphthenic oils, preferably bright-stock-dewaxed lubricating oil, subjected to selective refining. Naphthenic oils are typically added to change the desired pour point within the desired range. In order to give the lubricant the required consistency, fat-forming agents are introduced into it, containing compounds of aluminum, barium, calcium, lithium, sodium, a research institute, lead or strontium, for example clay, which can be modified. Examples of such clays include benonite, saponite, attapulgite, zeolite, and fullean soil, preferably modified bevitite, and 1lgievy soaps of fatty acids. It is best to use modified Bevitovit to obtain materials with viscosity at viscosity temperatures of {-45.5 ° C) - (-53.9 ° C). In addition, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, adhesives, extreme pressure additives, agents that promote stretching into the thread, etc. can be added to the lubricating material. Offered lubricants can also be used as crankcase lubricants and hydraulic fluids. For the preparation of a lubricant, oil is taken, e.g. - 51.1 С, viscosity index НО, mol. Weight 442-470, obtained by disproportionating the mono-p-alkylbenzenes fraction, which contains (in% by volume): Di-p-alkylbenzenes (alkyl С | з J69,3 Trialkyl-substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes 22.3 Naphthalene3.6 Indenes2.9 Diphenylalkanes1.6 Mixed compounds 0.3 The viscosity of the oil at 98.8, 37.7 and -40 C is 9.94, 28.22 and 9540.00 sps, respectively. Properties naphthenic oils of various grades are given in Table 1. Table 2 lists the properties of light oils and BrightStock Example 1. Lubricants containing various amounts of synthetic naphthenic oil are obtained o and mineral oils. The composition of the lubricants is given in Table 3. Example 2. The dependence of resistance to oxidation of various lubricants on their composition is determined (see Table. Oxidation resistance for 72 hours at 174 C. Example 3. Prepare lubricants for synthetic, light or naphthenic oil (thickener), modified bentonite, containing a small amount of sodium nitrite as a corrosion inhibitor, and common additives - oxidation inhibitors and additives that increase the strength of the lubricant film. Properties of the prepared materials are given in table. five.

“) Hydrated oil.

Light oil 8015,663,23

Light oil 10021,7

4.20

575.0

33.00

BrightStock

Table 1

table 2

-15.00 -17.70 -12.22

Table 3

9

Hydrated oil.

100

100

25

25

5O

50

546285

lO

Continuation of table 3

Table 4

9.9 TracesNo

2.8 T yellow T yellow

hydrocarbon

eleven

8.18

88.62

546285

12

Table 5

350

1300О

25,000

3.20 ZZO