SU5279A1 - A mirror device for checking the correctness of the designation of the moment of dropping bombs during training in bombing - Google Patents

Description

In the proposed mirror instrument, the mirror layer is superimposed on the glass from the bottom side and on it are plotted both the flight course line of the aircraft with bases for determining the ground speed of the aircraft and the scale of throwing angles, as well as additional lines used to determine the magnitude of errors during bombing.

For the correct bomb throwing, the main elements of the flight should be taken into account: altitude, flight speed, wind speed and bomb caliber; Knowing these values, one can determine their effect on the angle of dropping and precisely postpone it on any sighting device. For the sake of simplifying work (those who do not do business and can meet in combat) before the flight they set the height of the pilot from which the bombing of a given caliber should be made. Thanks to this task, the height and caliber of the bomb are known. It remains to determine the velocity relative to the ground, which cannot be specified. The pilot solves this problem before the bombing; for this it is necessary to take into account his work from the ground.

FIG. 1, 2, and 3 explain the design and application of the proposed device.

Determination of flight speed. First they make a preliminary construction and assume that A-B is a mirror equipped with a Vizier speaker, whose height h is exactly known. Conduct a beam between the sight and the mirror, the angle of which is, for example, 45-50 °. The point O, at which the beam reflects, will be located at a certain distance from the foot of the viewfinder (at 45 ° A); A segment of a circle is made on the mirror (Fig. 2) and is called the main beam arc or the stop line. Assuming that at various heights horizontal segments of equal size are laid out straight sections (for example, 300 meters long or 250 meters each), new points i, D-, Du, etc. are obtained, their reflections in the mirror are built and receive the corresponding points Oj, O, Od, etc., i.e. OO, OOg, OOg segments will be a reflection of the values of OD), OD-2, OD. If the plane flies at a height of D and the Dd O segment flies in ten seconds, then its reflection will move from the point to O within ten seconds, which at a base of 300 meters is equal to a speed of 30 meters per second. When marking the points Oj, O., O (the beginning of the bases at different heights) with heights of 400, 600, 1000 and 3500 meters, they receive, depending on the height, the exact amount of reflection of the base in the mirror. Having a stopwatch, determine the speed of flight of the aircraft. The accuracy of the observation is varied by the size of the base (in the proposed instrument, the received base is 250 and 600 meters). Determination of dropping angle. Knowing all the elements of the flight, according to the tables of Botezat, a drop angle is chosen. When the pilot and the observer work accurately at the mirror, the angles will be the same, which means that at the moment of dropping the position of the aircraft and its reflection will be certain values. If the line connecting the eyepiece A with the main point O is divided into divisions, then the reflection of the aircraft at the moment of dropping will be determined by the number of mm from point A. On this basis, the tables are calculated and attached to each mirror. These tables encompass, for different heights and bombs, the magnitude of the time intervals in seconds on the stopwatch elapsed from the moment the stopwatch was started on the arc indicated by the height to the arc- “stop”. By this magnitude, the angles of dropping are given directly in mlg. If the pilot and the observer at the mirror were not mistaken, then the reflection of the aircraft at the moment of dropping (point E) will fix the position of the aircraft. At this point, the aircraft is given a signal (rocket or radio). If the pilot gives a signal earlier or later, then the reflection of the aircraft will be, respectively, the actual drop, also outside the calculated point; if a bomb were dropped, then this error value would be completely included in the definition of a miss (see Fig. 2 and 3: plotting a side error). Use of the device. The mirror is mounted on a tripod in the center of the target. Using a spirit level and set screws on the tripod, the mirror is given a strictly horizontal position, checking it with turns. They give the pilot a task, height and a bomb. He must rise to the indicated height, measure his speed and go to the target, dropping a rocket instead of a bomb or transmitting a conventional sign by radio. The observer at the mirror, having determined the speed of the aircraft and found in the table the moment of dropping, puts an aluminum circle on the found division and waits for a signal. If the signal was given correctly, then it simply marks it in the log, and if it is wrong, then the longitudinal error is determined by the arcs corresponding to the length of the height, and the lateral error is also determined by the direct error, also in the length range, and the signal is sent immediately with a canvas circle that puts a corresponding error. The pilot, looking his own miss, corrects the set-up and repeats the exercise.

The subject of the patent.

A mirror device for checking the correctness of the designation of the moment of dropping bombs in teaching bombing, characterized in that the mirror layer is applied

On the glass on the lower side and on it are marked both the course line of the flight of the aircraft with bases for determining the ground speed of the aircraft and the scale of throwing angles, as well as additional lines used to determine the magnitude of errors in bombing.

A. f.

FIG. 2