SU51976A1 - Apparatus for determining the shrinkage of the face of leather goods - Google Patents

Description

Apparatus for testing tensile materials using clamps for setting the specimen, of which one is associated with a dynamometer, are already known.

The purpose of this proposal is to test leather materials and also consists of clamps to grip the specimen and dynamometer, but for the continuous implementation of skin face skinning in the proposed device a finger is used, which, in its forced rotation, deforms the test specimen.

In the attached drawing of FIG. 1 and T depict the general view of the device in two projections; FIG. 2-scheme of the finger; FIG. 3-general view of the index; FIG. 4, 4, 4 carriage device; FIG. 5 — various positions of the brake spring; FIG. b-various designs of the finger and fig. 7 and T is a variation of the clamp for the test sample.

The basic principle of operation of the proposed instrument is as follows. The test sample of leather in the shape of a rectangle or square is clamped on both sides, face up,

two clamps, one of which is fixed (fig. 1), and 2 is movable, and is connected with the help of the rod 3 to the carriage 4, which on two ball rollers can be directly linearly moved along the guides 5. This movement of the carriage by means of another the rod b is transferred to the hook of the dynamometer 7. Under the skin sample tightened between the clamps, an axis 8 is placed on which a steel pin 9 is mounted. When the lever handle 70 is rotated through a system of gear wheels 7/72, this movement is transmitted to the shaft with a steel finger, which begins to rotate with the shaft to the left (on the line Zhu). Before starting to test a sample, a finger occupies the position indicated in FIG. 1, with the head directly touching the bottom of the bahtarma of the stretched skin sample. Arrow dynamometer at this point shows the zero position. When the handle is rotated to the right, the finger, turning to the left, begins to rise, while tightening the skin with the help of the head. This tension of the specimen is transferred to the movable clamp 2, which due to the elevation and tension of the specimen, under the influence of the spring tension of the dynamometer, moves to the right by the magnitude of the tension of the spring, simultaneously raising 1a by some angle corresponding to the position of the left half of the tensioned specimen skin (Fig. 2). Moving the movable clamp 2 to the right together with the rod 5, in turn, causes a rectilinear movement to the right, along the guides 5, of the carriage 4 and the rod b, which hook the dynamometer 7, which registers with the arrows the load in kilograms corresponding to the sample voltage skin.

The device can be mounted both horizontally on the table and vertically on a board attached to the wall. The strength of the instrument parts is calculated on the basis of the specified maximum stress of the skin sample, at which a rupture of the face is inevitable. For the upper chromium product, the most appropriate limit load can be considered 100 kg per contact surface area of the finger head with the skin sample. For good reason: of a single product, this limit changes accordingly.

The finger head can be made in the form of a standard probe, hemisphere or sphere. In order to use the device for universal research in the field of mechanical analysis, in relation to the shoe industry, fingers with a head should be made in the form of various parts of the shoe, such as a toe cap, a heel, etc., (fig. B), beveled vamps of various sizes and styles. To quickly change fingers with different heads, it is desirable that either the mounting structure of the finger with the shaft allows one finger to be quickly replaced with the other one, or the heads themselves are screwed onto the very finger and replaced with one another.

To study the effect of friction on face masking, while tightening, the heads of the finger should be made of the same shape from metal with different degrees of grinding, for example, depending on the degree of grinding, you can make a metal head with such a surface that its friction against the skin is identical to that of friction. wood details of the same form.

Fixed clamp / with screws fastened to the table. Both clips inside have a intersecting diagonal, shallow, slightly blunted notch. The skin sample is clamped with two screws with knurls. As a voltage recorder in the device, either a spring dynamometer 7 is used, indicated in FIG. 1 and 1, or the toothed sector 8 (Fig. 3) with pin P for connection with the rod 6, the movement of which through the toothed sector and the toothed JO is transmitted to the load / 2. The deviation of the load from the vertical is fixed either by an arrow with a dial / 3 or on a graduated arc / 4, which has a gear track (not indicated in the drawing) for the pawl / 5, which prevents from reverse movement of the load. In case of installation of a spring dynamometer with a slight straight course of the hook at the maximum working load, it is possible to connect the movable clip 2 with the rod 6 to the hook of the dynamometer, excluding the carriage 4. At the same time, when the hook of the dynamometer is significant or when the load is registered with the load, guides 5 with carriage 4 for converting the angular velocity of the movable clamp into a straight-line movement of the dynamometer hook.

FIG. Figure 2 shows the device operation scheme depending on the length of tension of the dynamometer spring and the percentage elongation of the skin sample. The design of the device provides that the maximum stress of the test sample, at its maximum elongation, occurs with the finger in a vertical position, i.e. the limit of the working path of the finger is its vertical position 9. When a dynamometer is installed with a significant extension of its spring, load, de 3 cm and above, installation of guides 5 is necessary

(Fig. 1 and 4) with the carriage 4 moving linearly on the rollers along them. FIG. Figure 4 shows a section of the guides and the carriage body with different sections. Two rollers 16 are mounted on the cylindrical ends of the carriage, and a collar from a rod 5 connected to a movable clamp 2 is put on the middle cylindrical part of the carriage. On the part of the carriage with square cross section, rings with ears (7 (4)) are attached to attach the dogs 18 moving along a gear track and protecting the device from reverse movement when the sample is tested when it is accidentally broken. In the middle of the body of the carriage, a crank is placed on its square sections, on which a collar is put on from rod 6 leading to a dynamometer or to a cargo recorder. In order to protect against the impact of the movable clamp, in case of accidental rupture of the skin test sample, two elastic steel plates 19 (Fig. 1) are installed on the device, which will be able to take the strokes of the movable clamp 2 when the sample is broken without serious consequences. moving to the left (relative to the vertical position), the device is equipped with a braking spring 20 (Fig. 1), one end of which is attached with a pin to the gear 12 and the other to the carriage 21 moving along the guides 22.

FIG. Figure 5 is shown separately in two projections of the position of the brake spring 20 at various points in the test. Image a shows the position of the spring before the test, when the carriage 21 is in the extreme right position. Image b shows the position of the spring at the moment of the maximum load of the sample, when the carriage 21 is in the extreme left position — the spring at this moment is not yet stretched. The image in the spring position is shown already in the stretched state, with the maximum deviation of the finger to the left from the vertical. The shaft bearings of both gears // and 12 are mounted in the same plane on the surface of the table, as indicated in FIG. T (projection of the device in the plan). In the lateral projection of the indicated figure, the small teeth are intentionally placed below their normal position so as not to obscure the details of the drawing.

When the instrument is manufactured, the readings of the dynamometer are corrected by another dynamometer attached to the movable clamp 2 in order to take into account the various resistances arising from the friction of individual parts of the instrument.

To fix the loads, the dynamometer is equipped with a second free arrow.

The above design of the device is intended for the merchandising laboratory testing of a face on a skin sample, cut from a specific topographical area of the skin selected by a certain average sample method, according to the type of sampling for breaking according to the OST standard.

It is not excluded the possibility, with the appropriate design of clips, to use this device to determine the charge of the face and on whole leathers, which will allow the device to be admitted to the sorter of the finished product in the workshop.

One of the possible clamping options is shown schematically in FIG. 7-7. This is an ordinary laboratory clamp, in which only the envelope of the girth is enlarged (to place the skin during its cage test) and two abed plates pressed against the skin are added.

One such clamp must be movable and the other fixed.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. An instrument for determining the setting of the face of leather goods using fixed and movable sponges to clamp the test sample, of which the latter is connected to a dynamometer, characterized in that, for the purpose of continuous implementation The set of the face of the leather goods was applied to the pivoting pin around the fixed axis 8 of the finger 9, which at its forced rotation was used to deform the test specimen. 2. In the device according to claim 1, use 9 gears 7 / and 12 for forcibly rotating a finger, from 7 the wheel 7 / is mounted on the axis 77 of the lever W. ha  - - Sheep FIG sig2 Figb a "1 pyg Shig4    4 1 Fird -S m // Fig.D / / // Shig. but. SHIG.7