SU5138A1 - Hard shell for wings and other aircraft parts - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is intended for aircraft wings, in particular for so-called free-carrying wings, as well as for other parts of the aircraft that are subject to normal wind pressure to the surface.

The free-carrying wings were still executed in such a way that the lattice truss lying in the middle of the wing, which perceived all the bending forces, was snapped into a casing, usually made of cloth. Such a structure has the advantage that the harmful resistance caused by open-lying cables disappears, and that the entire structure is better protected, but also the disadvantages, such as: difficulty of manufacture, heavy weight, etc. According to the invention, the skin of the wing is made tough and bound to the farm, thanks to which she takes part in resisting the resulting forces.

An even greater resistance of the hollow body against local injuries is achieved by the fact that the entire hollow body is like a single whole body, which can withstand approximately the same load in all its parts. This avoids those parts whose damage entails the destruction of the entire wing. At the same time, as with the known methods of construction for eilivs, the breaking of only one cable (brace) or a fracture of one spar (for example, due to damage from a shot) entail, as a rule, the destruction of the wing and, due to the fact In this case, the use of rigid sheets causes the transfer of forces, which occurs with the help of numerous elements distributed throughout the hollow body, so that if one of these elements is damaged, its neighbors can take on its work without significant

harmful overload. Local damage to the wing, for example, by a shotgun from a gun or the like, therefore, has only a minor effect on the resistance of the whole constructive whole, so that a considerable safety is achieved in the sense of falling, due to damage to the wing by a shot.

For this purpose, the thin plating of the hollow body to perceive the forces of air pressure acting on it is supplied with amplifiers, often located one behind the other.

Thanks to amplifiers, a significant increase in resistance against kinks and nicks arising from forces acting vertically on the plane is achieved, and the ability to resist loads affecting relatively small areas, such as, for example, with impacts, etc., increases.

The present invention is illustrated by the drawing, in which FIG. 1 and 2 schematically depict the generally known form of a carrying hollow body (wing), FIG. 3 and 4 depict in transverse and longitudinal sections a carrier wing of an aircraft according to the invention, FIG. 5-23 depict on a large scale transverse and, in part, longitudinal sections of the carrier wing, with the exception of FIG. 9a, 18a and 20a, which show the details of the rigid structure in the perspective view, FIG. 17, which depicts a horizontal section of the reinforcing structure according to FIG. 15 and 16, FIG. 24 and 25 of the aircraft in a transverse and partially longitudinal section; FIG. 26-a detail of the design of the fusell Ms. on a large scale.

In the conventional arrangement (Figs. 1 and 2), the wing consists of a truss 2 formed from the rods or tubes, on top and bottom of which the shell 1 is stretched, most often consisting of matter. Marked by small arrows forces

wind pressures acting on the envelope are transmitted to the attachment points of the 3 envelope, and from here to the main langerones 4, 5.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and 4, the wing made according to the invention, the air pressure forces indicated by small arrows, also act on the outer shell 1. This shell reaches, thanks to the reinforcing structure 2, schematically shown in the drawing, the reinforcing structure 2, such a degree of rigidity that it is in the state of perceived without significant deformation, the forces of air pressure as well as the flexural stresses occurring in the wing itself. The portions of the wings b located at the front and rear in the direction of flight serve to perceive shear forces, so that there is no need for special trusses, as in the object shown in fig. one.

FIG. 5 and b depict the simplest case of reinforcement of the outer shell of the carrier wing. On the outer shell 1, the fins 2 are placed, which are located in the direction of the greatest efforts of stretching and squeezing, in order to maintain the outer shell when they perceive these efforts. In this case, transverse walls (frames) 3, which, in order to save weight, are punched through and are located at such distances from each other, that between each two walls the shell connected to the amplifiers is used as transverse amplifiers. quite reliable in relation to kink.

FIG. 7 and 8, the outer shell 1 is reinforced by means of ribs 2 that are located in the direction of the main voltage and adjacent to each other. To perceive the transverse forces, there are transverse ribs 3 resting on the ribs 2, the size and number of which corresponds to the magnitude of this transverse force. On

the transverse ribs 3 are mounted, also located in the direction of the ribs 2, the ribs 4, which can simultaneously support both the shell and the ribs 2 when perceived by longitudinal forces.

FIG. 9 and 10 depict an exemplary embodiment similar to FIG. 7 and 8, whereby the ribs 2, 3, 4 are to a certain extent pushed one into the other, so that they all touch one shell with one edge. The ribs must pass through each other in such a way that the transfer of forces occurs in them without interruption. The advantage of this equipment compared to the data in FIG. 7 and 8 consists in a significantly lower construction height and greater reliability in the distribution of longitudinal forces on shell 1 and ribs 2 and 4. In addition, the material is saved, since at the same moment of resistance the ribs 3 and 4 become thinner than in the previous case. Krypo becomes correspondingly lighter.

FIG. 9a depicts a perspective view of a part of the shell 1 with a reinforcing structure.

FIG. 11 and 12, sheath 1 obtains rigidity by means of a superimposed wavelike tin, the waves of which travel in the direction of the greatest stress. For transverse reinforcement serve frames 6.

FIG. 13 and 14, the reinforcement of the shell 1 takes place with the help of a sheet of wave-like tin 7 having a trapezium-like appearance; for transverse reinforcement, a sheet of undulating sheet 8 is perpendicular to it, the tracks of which can be punctured with holes in order to reduce weight. If necessary, separate edges or sheets of wave-like tin 9, etc., can be placed cross-to-cross.

FIG. A 13 sheet of wave tin 9 is attached only on those places that are far from the neutral layer in order to

this material could well be used to perceive flexing forces.

Instead of reinforcing the shell with ribs, any other reinforcement method can be applied. For example, gain can be achieved with a truss truss. FIG. 15 and 16 on the shell 1 are fastened at a short distance from each other parts of the lattice truss 2, which converge at the nodal point 3. These nodal points, in turn, are interconnected by means of the details 4. Parts 4 can also be replaced by sheet material, which can be pierced in order to reduce weight and which can be made more able to resist bending by proper extrusion of protuberances, flanging, etc. By adding new supports between anchor point 3 and shell 1, approximately perpendicular to span of distribution abutments shell 1 can be further improved. The invention is not limited to the use of a single system of lattice trusses: the first finely divided series can also be followed by the second, third, and so on, of which each succeeding provides for reinforcement of larger planes than the previous one. In the depicted example, the system, the diagonal parts 6 of which also rest at a greater distance from each other like the corners of the pyramid on the nodal points 3 of the first system, adjoins the first lattice system in order to further strengthen each other. The nodal points 5 are connected together also by means of parts 7 or rigid sheet material.

FIG. 17 depicts a view of superimposed systems, the first one marked with thin, and the second with thick strokes.

The truss grid can extend to interconnect

the upper and lower planes of the wings using these trusses.

Replacing flat trusses with structures with solid walls is achieved by the equipment of FIG. 18 and 19, where common 1 is reinforced with the help of walls 2 and 3 that cross at a right angle.

This method of amplification can be imagined as arising from spaced rows of adjacent square or rectangular cells. In the same way, gain is achieved by adjoining rows of 3 or b-coal hollow bodies. In order to avoid bending the cell walls, it is possible to cover the cells on the inner side of the wing with a sheet of tin 4.

FIG. 18a depicts a perspective view of the same device on a larger scale.

According to FIG. 20 and 21, the reinforcement of the shell 1 is achieved by means of a tin 2, provided with extruded protuberances 3, the tops of which are attached to the shell 1.

FIG. 20a shows the shaped tin in the perspective view. The tin can be attached with its flat side directly to the shell 1, and a special reinforcing sheet of tin for rigidity can be attached to its prominent embossing (like sheet 4 in Figures 15 and 16). Between the shell and the reinforcement sheet can also be attached for stiffness sheet having convexities alternately on both sides. The protrusions directed in one direction are then fastened with the shell, and directed in the other direction with the reinforcement sheet.

According to FIG. 22 and 23 the first longitudinal reinforcement of the shell 1 consists of a wave-like tin 2, the first transverse reinforcement is achieved with the help of frames 3; For the second longitudinal reinforcement, trellis trusses 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are used, according to Ca 6, 7 of which are directed in such a way that they can directly perceive both longitudinal and transverse forces. Further details of the trusses 10, 11, 12 ensure the mutual rigidity of the upper and lower sides of the wings. For amplification in one direction, one method of amplification may be chosen, and for another, another. For example, longitudinal reinforcement could be achieved with the help of ribs, and lateral reinforcement with a lattice truss.

FIG. 24 and 25 depict a fuselage, representing a truss, subjected to bending stress. The outer shell 1 is reinforced by a wave-like tin 2, the waves of which travel in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage. The ribs 3 serve to preserve the shape of the cross section. To further strengthen the walls of the fuselage, between the frames are separate, arranged at relatively large distances from each other, longitudinal hollow frames 4, which can support the shell and wavy tin in the perception of bending forces. FIG. 26 depicts the distribution of gain elements on the shell on a large scale. The choice of one or another construction in each separate case also depends on the quality of the base material used, for example, metal, wood plywood, press board, etc.

The application of the invention extends not only to the wings and the fuselage of the aircraft, but also to other hollow bodies, as well as to the floats of seaplanes, which, as is known, with. during high waves, etc., they are subjected to particularly heavy loads, but which at the same time must have the least weight, the more so as they represent only dead weight during the flight.

The subject of the patent.

1. A hard shell for the wings and other parts of the aircraft, characterized by the fact that

of thin sheet material, the outer shell 1 (Figs. 5 and 6) is reinforced by ribs 2, arranged respectively for the directions of greatest stresses, and transverse walls 3, which serve to preserve the shape of the transverse section, which can be provided with through cuts to reduce the weight.

2. Alteration of a rigid shell described in paragraph 1, characterized in that instead of transverse walls 3 there are transverse ribs 3 supported by ribs 2 (Fig. 7 and 8), which can be reinforced by longitudinal ribs 4, 3, 4, for the purpose of the most advantageous use of the material, can be embedded into each other so that they all come into contact with one of their edges with sheath 1 (Fig. 9, 9a and 10).

3. A variation of the rigid shell described in paragraph 1, characterized in that instead of the longitudinal ribs 2 the outer shell 1 (Fig. 11 and 12) is reinforced with a wavy sheet 5, and instead of the transverse walls 3, sheets 8 can be used (Fig. 13 and 14 a) from corrugated sheet with cutouts in them, if necessary, to reduce the weight, which sheets are arranged across the above-mentioned reinforcement and can, if necessary, be reinforced by transverse corrugated sheets 9.

4. A variation of the rigid shell described in paragraph 1, characterized in that the solid fins for reinforcement of shell 1 are replaced by trellis trusses 2 (Figs. 15, 16 and 17) converging at the nodal points 3 connected together by themselves 4, with than the whole lattice system can be reinforced by the second lattice system, which is supported by the above-mentioned nodal points 3 of the first system and is reinforced by braces on the b and 7 themselves.

5. Alteration of a rigid shell described in paragraph 1, characterized in that, instead of ribs 2 and walls 3, the outer shell 1 is reinforced with the help of ribs 2 and 3 that cross at a right angle (Fig. 18, 18a and 19), which form the cells, closed, if necessary, from the inside by sheet 4.

6. Alteration of a rigid shell described in paragraph 1, characterized in that instead of ribs 2 and walls 3, the outer shell 1 is reinforced with sheets 2 (Fig. 20, 20a and 21) with elevations 3 extruded into them, fastened to the outer shell from the inside, or the above-mentioned sheets with elevations are attached directly to the shell 1 with their flat side, while at elevations the internal reinforcing sheet of stiffness is fixed (like sheet 4 of Figures 18 and 19.)

7. Alteration of a rigid shell described in paragraph 1, characterized in that instead of ribs 2 and walls 3, the outer shell 1 is reinforced with wavy metal sheets 2 and frames 3 (Fig. 22 and 23), on which lattice trusses 4, 5, b are located , 7 and 8, while ca 6, 7 of which are designed to perceive longitudinal and transverse stresses, to ensure the connection of the upper and lower surfaces, thrusters and struts 10, 11 and 12 can be installed.

8. The change described in paragraph 1 of a rigid shell, characterized by that. Instead of ribs 2 and walls 3, the outer shell 1 is reinforced with wavy sheets 2 (Fig. 24 and 25), frames 3 and longitudinal hollow frames 4, placed at relatively large distances from each other (Fig. 26). 7