SU491913A1

SU491913A1 - Optical compensator measuring device

Info

Publication number: SU491913A1
Application number: SU2043932A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Соломон Тобнасович Цуккерман
Original assignee: Ленинградский Институт Точной Механики И Оптики
Priority date: 1974-07-10
Filing date: 1974-07-10
Publication date: 1975-11-15

Description

1one

Изобретение относитс к оптикомеханической промышленности и может быть использовано в различных оптических приборах, например в оптических трубах, коллиматорах, автоколлиматорах, измерительных микроскопах и др.The invention relates to the optomechanical industry and can be used in various optical devices, such as optical tubes, collimators, autocollimators, measuring microscopes, etc.

Известны оптические компенсаторы измерительных приборов, содержащие две сферические положительную и отрицательную линзы с одинаковой оптической силой, причем одна из них установлена с возможностью линейного перемещени поперек оптической оси.Optical compensators for measuring instruments are known, which contain two spherical positive and negative lenses with the same optical power, one of which is installed with the possibility of linear movement across the optical axis.

Известные устройства не обеснечивают компенсацию разворота с достаточной точностью. Устройства в виде угломерной шкалы в ноле зрени с непосредственным отсчетом по ней дают точность не выше 0,5 -f- 1 угловых минуты . Механические устройства дл увеличени угла разворота отсчетной шкалы, например в виде черв чного или рычажного механизмов внос т кинематические ошибки того же значени .The prior art devices do not desiccate reversal compensation with sufficient accuracy. Devices in the form of a goniometric scale in zero vision with a direct reading on it give an accuracy not higher than 0.5 -f-1 angular minutes. Mechanical devices to increase the angle of rotation of the reference scale, for example, in the form of a screw or lever mechanism introduce kinematic errors of the same value.

Дл повышени точности измерени углов разворота в предлагаемом устройстве линзы выполнены цилиндрическими с образующими, параллельными среднему положению измер емого штриха, причем одна из них установлена с возможностью разворота вокруг оптической оси прибора и снабжена индексом отсчета разворота.To improve the accuracy of measuring the angles of rotation in the proposed device, the lenses are cylindrical with generatrixes parallel to the average position of the measured bar, one of which is installed with the possibility of a turn around the optical axis of the device and provided with an index of the turn reference.

На фиг. 1 изображена оптическа схема измерительного прибора с встроенном в него описываемым компенсатором; на фиг. 2 - схема компенсатора в увеличенном масштабе.FIG. Figure 1 shows the optical circuit of the measuring device with the compensator described in it; in fig. 2 is a diagram of a compensator on an enlarged scale.

Измерительный нрибор содержит объектив 1, компенсатор, состо щий из линз 2 и 3, сетку 4, отсчетный индекс 5, линзы окул ра 6.The measuring instrument contains a lens 1, a compensator consisting of lenses 2 and 3, a grid 4, a reference index 5, and an eyepiece lens 6.

Компенсатор работает следующим образом .The compensator works as follows.

Дл измерени угла разворота сформированного в ноле зрени прибора вертикального штриха Л, св занного с наблюдаемым объектом или автоколлимационного, нужно совместить его с нанесенным на сетке прибора 4 двойными штрихами В. Это выполн етс путем поворота одной из цилиндрических линз, например, составл ющих компенсатор, имеющих одинаковую оптическую силу и параллельное щтриху А направление, вокруг оси 00 прибора в положение О/ О/ (см. фиг. 2). При этом луч, формирующий изображение точки С штриха, идущий на высоте г, отклон етс на угол б и смещаетс на сетке б а. Как известно из теории оптических приборов, при поперечном перемещении сферической линзы с большим радиусом R на малую сравнительно с R величину а образуетс преломл ющийTo measure the pivot angle of a vertical line L connected with the observed object or autocollimation object formed at zero, it is necessary to combine it with 4 double strokes B applied to the device grid. This is done by turning one of the cylindrical lenses, for example, the components of the compensator, having the same optical power and a direction parallel to that of A, around the axis 00 of the device to the O / O / position (see Fig. 2). At the same time, the beam forming the image of the point C of the stroke, going at a height g, is deflected by an angle b and shifted on the grid b. As is known from the theory of optical devices, when a spherical lens with a large radius R is moved by a small amount compared with R, a refractive

Claims

clip A - -, deflecting the passing beam by an angle (n - 1) -. This position is also applicable to the action of a cylindrical lens in a (sagittal) plane perpendicular to the axis of the lens (see Fig. 2). Since the lateral displacement a is determined by the distance r of the point of interest to us from the axis of the device and the angle of rotation of the lens, we can write a g Sin a. In this case, due to the displacement of the axis OiOi of the cylindrical lens 3 at point C, a refracting wedge D: -sina-cosot is formed, where cos a takes into account the projection of the wedge A on the perpendicular to the stroke A. And the compensator lenses have a cylindrical shape, the plane of the wedge A is always directed toward the axis of the lens, and the angle of the wedge is proportional to the distance from the axis. Therefore, the direction and size of the wedge can be represented as a vector perpendicular to the axis of the lens, similar to that shown in FIG. 2 to the wedge A. The linear displacement b and the image of the point C on the grid 4 will be: oa (d - 1) - sin a cos a /, where I is the distance from the compensator to the grid. The rotation angle Y of the image of stroke A is obviously equal to Zy,. ,, /. T - or 1 (n) - sinceCOS and R R And does not depend on r, which indicates the absence of distortions of the straightness of the image of Schtrich. At small angles a, the dependence of y on a can be considered linear: T (- 1) Y ". For example, at a 10 °, the deviation from linearity is less than 2%, which, by the way, can be taken into account when applying scaled. Having in mind that the reading of angles a on the angular scale of the grid and the index can be made up to 1 to 2 angular minutes, by specifying a working angle of lens rotation equal to ± 10 ° with a measuring range of ± 10, you can get a measurement accuracy of 1 - 2 angular seconds. Thus, the turning angles are measured by the so-called zero method by combining a line or line formed in the field of view of the instrument with a line of double lines. The precise adjustment of the axle necessary for this is performed by a compensator, one of the lenses of which at the same time is rotated by an angle 50 hours and 100 times larger than the measured one, which makes it possible to obtain a convenient and accurate reading of the measured angle that corresponds to the accuracy of combining the stroke with double strokes. . Claims Optical compensator measuring device containing two identical optical power positive and negative lenses, measuring scale, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of measuring the turning angles, the scale is circular, and the lenses are cylindrical with forming, parallel to the average position of the measured bar one of them is installed with the possibility of a turn around the optical axis of the device and is provided with an index of turning of the angles of turn. fug. 2 fTtrf ft l