SU476369A1 - The method of Andreev engine external combustion - Google Patents

Description

one

This invention relates to external combustion engines. Methods are known for the operation of these engines, equipped with twin cylinders connected to the common crankshaft, by successively heating the working fluid in the cylinders and cooling it.

The thermal cycle of the known engines is not perfect enough.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency. engine work. To do this, after heating the working fluid in the first of the cylinders, it is transferred to another cylinder, followed by discharge into the receiver, cooled and fed to the first cylinder successively from the receiver and another cylinder. The working cycles in the twin cylinders are shifted by 180 ° relative to the rotation of the crankshaft.

FIG. 1 shows a pie chart of a six cycle cycle; in fig. 2 shows a schematic of an engine operating in this way: a - a piston at the top dead center, when gas exchange occurs between the cylinders, b-moment of exhaust from the lower cylinder to the receiver, B - average position when the cylinders are separated; in fig. 3 is a chart of pressure changes in cylinders versus angle.

crankshaft crankshaft; in fig. 4 shows a torque diagram of two-cylinder engines with an opposite arrangement of cylinders (a solid line is the torque when operating according to the proposed method, and schtrich-dotted - when operating according to the Stirling method).

The essence of the described method lies in the fact that in a two-cylinder engine of external heating, during one cycle, gas exchange takes place in the working cylinders and, in turn, in the working cylinders with the receiver, i.e. step-by-step charging from the receiver and then from the opposite cylinder . As a result, the number of working fluid in the working cylinders periodically changes from a maximum at a working stroke to a minimum at an auxiliary one.

This method is implemented in this case as a six-cycle cycle. As can be seen from the cycle diagram (see Fig. 1), in both working cylinders of the engine identical processes take place, but shifted in phase by 180 °. The cycle consists of the following measures:

Itak is the working stroke (heating and expansion of the working fluid with increasing pressure);

IItact - exhaust into the boxer cylinder (a certain amount of the working fluid is displaced into another cylinder);

IIItact - exhaust to the receiver (some more working fluid is displaced to the receiver);

IVtakt - auxiliary stroke (cooling of the remaining in the cylinder of the working fluid and reduction of its volume with simultaneous application of pressure);

Vtakt - pressurization from the receiver (inflow of a certain amount of working fluid from the receiver);

VIakt - pressurization from the inositic cylinder (influx of some more working fluid from another cylinder).

When the pistons are in the upper dead point, the cylinders are in communication and gas exchange occurs between them, i.e. the part of the working fluid flows from the lower cylinder, where the exhaust stroke takes place, to the upper one, where the supercharging stroke occurs. This process takes place due to the fact that in the lower cylinder almost the entire working body is in the hot colosty of the “HP”, and in the upper cylinder in the cold “HP.

In the upper cylinder 1 (see Fig. 2 b), the working stroke begins, and in the lower cylinder 2, the exhaust stroke to the receiver, where the pressure is equal to the initial one. By the end of the stroke in the lower cylinder and in the receiver 3, the same pressure is established and by the beginning of the preparatory stroke the working fluid is cooled less in the lower cylinder than in the upper cylinder.

Further, the processes in the cylinders are independent: in the upper one there is a working stroke, since when the pistons move down in the upper cylinder, the working fluid is displaced into the hot zone, i.e. it expands, and as a result of heating, the pressure increases. In the lower cylinder, an auxiliary stroke occurs, i.e., the cooled working fluid is displaced from the hot cavity into the cold one — the volume decreases and the pressure drops.

This process is clearly visible in the diagram (see Fig. 3) of the current values of pressure in the cylinders.

When the bottom dead center reaches the lower cylinder, the lower cylinder first communicates with the receiver, and since the pressure in the cylinder is lower by this time than in the receiver, the working fluid from the receiver starts to press. The cylinder is then disconnected from

the receiver, and the cylinders communicate again and the working fluid flows back from the upper cylinder to the lower one, i.e., exhaust from the upper cylinder and pressurization to the lower cylinder, etc.

The indicator pressure (see Fig. 3) is the pressure difference in the cylinders, and its product on the crank arm gives a torque value Mcr, which does not acquire negative values during one cycle and proceeds, compared to the Stirling cycle, tno (see graph in Fig. 4).

It follows from the foregoing that the method of operating an external heating engine with gas exchange over a six-cycle cycle makes it possible to obtain a higher thermodynamic efficiency and a more favorable character of the indicator diagram, i.e., to get rid of negative torque values, since there are no the cost of mechanical energy to compress the working fluid. Consequently, it is possible to reduce the load on the power mechanism and to obtain an engine with a lower relative weight and simpler in design than in an engine operating according to the Stirling principle, with power, speed and rotation directions being adjusted using a gas distribution mechanism.

Subject invention

Claims (2)

1. A method for operating an external combustion engine, fitted with twin cylinders connected to a common crankshaft, by sequentially carrying out in the cylinders of heating the working fluid and cooling it, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency, the first of the cylinders is transferred to another cylinder, followed by discharge into the receiver, the working medium is cooled and fed to the first cylinder successively from the receiver and another cylinder. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the working cycles in the paired cylinders are shifted by 180 ° relative to the rotation of the crankshaft. SM.T Fig j „./.   2 BUT  V ig 2 Sbif, ncn .1-: ui Exhaust Worker 7ak.ty d der) (nand lind Tacts dn. shlind re 60 40 120/5/7 180 2iO 240 7О 300 J5O f - Pressure in the cavity of the bernny b-bye Diblenia 6 cavity) (. Lower unit ° - Pressure 6 receiver cylinder to receiver y / y J Nsdub from naddud from the liquefaction of his cylinder waiting MKji.Kr-cfi 5000 FIG 4