RU2706091C1 - Two-stroke ice with aerodynamic valve in piston and conversion of waste gas heat (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to hybrid internal combustion thermal engines and to external heat supply. Essence of inventions consists in that, engine in addition to the housing with a conrodless mechanism for converting movement of rods into shaft rotation, air supply systems, fuel supply, ignition, gas distribution and gas removal, comprises at least two anti-phase stepped cylinders with heads, each of which includes three variable-volume chambers formed by stepped piston, namely: under-piston air compressor chamber, above-piston working chamber with heat supply and inter-piston working internal combustion chamber, as well as heater separated in heat insulator, made in form of cylinder inner jacket, and refrigerator – in form of external jacket, between the heater and the cooler the displacement cavity is made in the form of a hollow shell and connected by a tangential channel to the above-piston chamber. Channels of exhaust gases from combustion chamber are arranged in heater body and its bottom, and channels of air or fuel-air mixture supply to combustion chamber are arranged in body of external jacket of cylinder so that piston allows to perform spool-type gas distribution by means of channels located in it. Introduction of plasma-forming energy into working chamber with heat supply will make it possible to perform "active" regeneration of compression heat with its transfer from compression stroke to cycle of expansion and to improve thermal efficiency of hybrid. Piston for improving gas exchange may contain an aerodynamic valve supplying air or fuel-and-air mixture to the inter-piston internal combustion chamber, which has a common internal cylindrical surface of the heater with an adjacent above-piston chamber.

EFFECT: increased injectability and specific power of engine, higher efficiency, reliability and service life.

7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy - thermal internal combustion engines and engines with external heat supply.

The prior art.

The prior art converts thermal energy into mechanical energy - “Heat engine with valveless gas distribution” described in patent RU 2576077 (published 02.27.2016), which belongs to the category of engines with external heat input (DVPT).

A two-stroke engine contains a working chamber formed by a cylinder with a head and a piston, a displacement cavity and gas ducts-nozzles connecting it to the working chamber and forming a gas distribution mechanism, as well as a heater and a refrigerator (according to paragraph 1 of the formula).

To implement a closed cycle of “active” regeneration of compression heat with transferring it from the compression cycle to the expansion cycle, the engine additionally contains a working gas activator that converts the working chamber into a plasma-vortex working chamber (according to paragraph 10 of the formula), which increases the efficiency (coefficient beneficial effect) DVPT.

Also, the presence of an activator (input of plasma-forming activation energy of the working gas) in the plasma-vortex chamber, according to the utility model RF patent No. 151391 “Heat engine with a plasma-vortex chamber”, will make it possible to use the possibility of releasing other thermal energy and converting it into additional mechanical energy.

These engines have the following disadvantages:

- low engine throttle response due to the thermal inertia of the heater;

- an engine with a high specific power for heating the heater needs a special small-sized generator of high potential high-density thermal energy, and not just a combustion chamber for burning a combustible mixture at atmospheric pressure, which, in this case, has significant mass and dimensional parameters and characteristics.

In order to miniaturize - it is necessary to reduce the combustion chamber of the DVPT while increasing the heat flux density through the heater of the DVPT to the working medium (gas) of the DVPT by burning a compressed fuel mixture, otherwise when burning a fuel mixture of atmospheric pressure, both the combustion chamber and heater will be significant and the heat flux is of low density.

Thus, for the preparation of a compressed fuel mixture, it is necessary to have a separate device that will compress the air, prepare the fuel mixture on its basis and feed it into the combustion chamber of the DVPT.

Moreover, if the combustion chamber is open, then the pre-compressed, burning fuel mixture will fly out of the combustion chamber with a torch.

If the DVTT combustion chamber is closed, then the inlet and outlet gas distribution valves are needed, and it is also desirable to “expand” the hot products of combustion. And this device is nothing more than an internal combustion engine (ICE). The technical solution follows from this - to apply ICE as a combustion chamber of a DVPT.

The novelty of this solution lies in the fact that the internal combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine becomes the combustion chamber of the fiberboard, while the wall of the heater separating the combustion chamber of the fiberboard from the working chamber of the fiberboard becomes a double-sided working piston that is common to the fiberboard and for the internal combustion engine.

ICE has its well-known advantages and serious disadvantages.

In internal combustion engines, the energy of the chemical bonds of the fuel is converted into thermal energy as a result of combustion. The gases generated during combustion expand in the cylinder, driving the piston. The mechanical energy of the movement of the piston is transmitted to the crankshaft.

“... As you know, even in the most modern EECs (power plant), about half of the energy released during the combustion of the fuel is given to the environment with flue gases and water cooling the plant. The coefficient of useful heat of the internal combustion engine fuel is 35 ... 40%. Logical is the desire to use this heat ... since heat sources are characterized by a fairly high level of temperature.

Depending on the type of engine, the temperature of the gases in the exhaust manifold of piston engines (ICE) at rated load is -for four-stroke diesel engines:

- naturally aspirated 360-410 degrees. FROM;

- supercharged 380-450 degrees. FROM;

for two stroke diesel engines:

- with supercharging and contour purging 270-380 degrees. FROM;

- with a direct-flow valve purge of 360-380 degrees. FROM …".

(Smirnov MN Utilization of heat from a ship power plant (SEU) using the example of an internal combustion engine (ICE) // Young Scientist. - 2017. - No. 4. - P. 38-41).

To the question: if we take the heat of combustion of the fuel mixture for 100%, then in which functionality of the internal combustion engine, without taking into account friction losses, it is most effective:

- as a converter of thermal energy of fuel combustion into mechanical energy (efficiency 35-40%);

- or as a generator of high-density thermal energy from the combustion of a fuel mixture (efficiency 60-65%)? -

the answer suggests itself, and it makes the question far from rhetorical: ICE is most effective as a compact generator of high-density thermal energy (heat of exhaust gases - combustion products and heat of cooling of the combustion chamber), and even with additional rotation of the shaft.

Moreover, if the "generated" high-density heat is used to convert into mechanical energy, then the hybrid will be the most efficient converter of heat energy from burning fuel: a two-stroke engine with external heat input (DVPT), the heat generator for which is a two-stroke internal combustion engine characterized by its simplicity !

A similar technical solution can be approached from the reverse side.

There are many ways to increase the energy efficiency of internal combustion engines through the use of "waste" heat, for example, "A way to increase the efficiency of an internal combustion engine by utilizing the thermal energy of the engine" RF patent No. 2117803 (published on 08.20.1998), which also dictate the need Hybrid: ICE + DVPT. In this case, the throttle response is determined by the operation of the internal combustion engine.

The requirements for such an internal combustion engine as an engine go by the wayside (there is no need for a high degree of compression, for excessive depletion of the combustible mixture), and the provision of “clean” heat of the fiberboard is put to the forefront.

Considering that useful work still originally comes from the heat of internal combustion of the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, the hybrid engine is more suitable for the category of “internal combustion engine with heat conversion”.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to create a simple, but highly reliable (with a long service life) hybrid engine with sufficient throttle response and increased efficiency, due to internal combustion of the fuel mixture and utilization of waste heat, with minimal weight and dimensions.

The stated goal is realized using an internal combustion engine having an integrated air compressor, not only as a generator of mechanical energy, but also as a generator of high-density thermal energy, which collectively feeds the engine with an external supply of heat - the heat of cooling of the internal combustion engine cylinder and the heat of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine (see Fig. one).

In option 1, the solution to this problem is provided by a hybrid engine with a crankcase with a mechanism for converting the translational movement of the rods with pistons into the rotational movement of the shaft, air supply system, fuel supply system, ignition, gas distribution and gas removal, and containing at least two step cylinders with heads, each of which includes three chambers of variable volume formed by a step piston having a sub-piston, supra-piston, inter-piston working surfaces and an inter-piston skirt, as well as a heater and a refrigerator separated by a heat insulator, while the refrigerator is made in the form of an external stepped cylinder shirt with a bottom, in the narrow inner cylindrical part of which the piston surface and the bottom form a piston chamber of the air compressor providing air or air-fuel mixture to the adjacent combustion chamber (non-in-phase) cylinder, the heater is made in the form of an inner cylinder jacket with a bottom, in which the cylinder head and piston surface form a filled with a gaseous working fluid, an over-piston working or plasma-vortex working plasma-injected energy input with a heat supply connected by at least one gas duct with a displacement cavity made in the form of a hollow shell and located between the heater and the refrigerator in its wide part, and the bottom of the heater , the inter-piston skirt and the piston surface form an inter-piston working chamber of internal combustion, having a common inner cylindrical surface of the heating with an adjacent sup-piston chamber of the evacuator, the exhaust gas channels from the combustion chamber are located in the body of the heater and its bottom, and the air or air-fuel mixture supply channels to the combustion chamber are placed in the body of the outer jacket of the cylinder in such a way that they allow the piston to perform gas distribution using the channels located in the piston body that exit onto lateral surface of the piston skirt.

Passing “hot” exhaust gases from the internal combustion chamber through the channel (s) in the heater body, as well as using the heat of the “hot” internal surface of the combustion chamber at the same time as the inner surface of the working chamber (plasma-vortex working chamber) with heat supply for heat supply Heater - allows you to drastically reduce weight and size characteristics, reduce heat loss from heat overflows and take advantage of the torquey push-pull ICE for two-stroke heat supply DVPT.

A device is known from the prior art: “An aerodynamic valve for a pulsating combustion chamber” (SU 459612, publication 02/05/1975), where a connection of coaxial cylindrical chambers (cavities) with gas ducts with a tangential orientation using the effect of an aerodynamic valve (gas distributor), defined the features of which are applied to the present invention.

So, the use of a hollow shell in the body of the heater as an integrated channel of the exhaust gases with their swirl - allows you to divide (distribute) the extended surface of the heater into two parts: "high-temperature" internal (to increase the specific power of the fiberboard) and "low-temperature" external for the best heat selection waste gases and the maximum decrease in their temperature at the exit of the hybrid engine (in this case, starting the expansion work process with the interaction of the pre-compressed working gas with low-temperature part of the heater), and dispense with one DVPT (one working chamber with heat supply and one heater). Otherwise, it would be necessary to have two DVPT: one with a high-temperature heater for cooling the combustion chamber walls of the internal combustion engine, and the other with a low-temperature heater for taking heat from the exhaust gases.

And the use of a hollow shell in the heater’s body, not only as a channel of exhaust gases with their swirl, but also as a chamber for “afterburning” of exhaust gases, allows improving the “ecology” of the exhaust, while the back flow of exhaust gases into the combustion chamber is not yet closed the effect of their aerodynamic “locking” will impede the piston channel of the exhaust gases.

In option 2 - the placement of the gas distribution channel (s) for supplying the combustible air-fuel mixture / air in the piston body of the hybrid engine - can be used (to improve the filling of the push-pull combustion chamber with combustible mixture / air when the exhaust gas from the chamber is already closed after the combustion chamber is purged) an aerodynamic valve, also located in the piston body and made in the form of a coaxial toroidal hollow cavity with at least one axial radial inlet channel connecting the cavity to the passage yaschim in the body of the piston air supply duct or the air-fuel mixture, and at least one tangential channel outgoing from the cavity to the side surface of inter-piston skirt.

The use of even a simple (with a planetary rotating crankshaft) rodless mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion of the rod into the rotational motion of the output power take-off shaft promotes, on the one hand, the movement of the pistons according to the law close to sinusoidal, which eliminates vibration of higher orders of the engine, on the other hand, increases the time of “dwell” - the pistons are in extreme dead points, and this leads to better combustion of the fuel mixture with a constant volume in the combustion chamber, as well as exists an increase in the time to "purging" of the combustion chamber, improving the gas exchange.

To increase reliability and engine life, the engine can have a composite piston, the body of which in the region of the exhaust channels is made of heat-resistant metal alloy, ceramics, composite materials, which will allow to avoid “burnout” from thermal degradation and to get rid of the problems of thermal stress of pistons inherent in a two-stroke ICE, the consequence of which is their "cracking."

The list of figures drawings.

The above and other aspects and advantages of the present invention are disclosed in the following detailed description, given with reference to the drawings, which depict:

the generalized block diagram of the hybrid engine shown in FIG. one;

in FIG. 2, 3 shows a general view of the engine in longitudinal section MON;

in FIG. 4 - parts of the cross-sections RR, Q-Q of figure 3, with designations.

The engine comprises a housing-crankcase 1, with a mechanism 2 located therein for converting the translational motion of the rods 3 into rotational motion of the shaft 4, a pair of antiphase stepped cylinders 5 and 6, each of which contains a head 7 and three chambers of variable volume 8, 9, 10 formed a step piston 11 having an over-piston 12, an inter-piston 13, a sub-piston 14 working surface and a piston skirt surface 15, as well as a heater 17 and a refrigerator 18 separated by a heat insulator 16, while the refrigerator is made in the form of an external step At the same time, a cylinder shirt with a wide part 19, a bottom 20, in a narrow inner cylindrical part 21 of which the piston surface (14) and the bottom (20) form a sub-piston chamber (10) of an air compressor supplying air or air-fuel mixture to the combustion chamber of another, non-phase (in in this case, an adjacent) cylinder.

The heater (17) is made in the form of an inner cylinder jacket with an outer surface 22, an inner surface 23, and a bottom 24, in which the cylinder head (7) and the piston surface (12) form a piston working or plasma-vortex filled with a gaseous working fluid with input 25 plasma-forming energy, a working chamber (8) with a supply of heat, connected by at least one gas duct 26 with a displacement cavity 27 made in the form of a hollow shell and located between the heater (17) and the refrigerator (18) in its wide part (19) and the bottom of the heater (24), the surface (15) of the piston skirt and the surface (13) of the piston form the piston of the internal combustion chamber (9), which has a common inner cylindrical surface (23) of the heater (17) with the adjacent piston chamber (8), the exhaust gas channels 28 from the combustion chamber (9) are placed in the body of the heater (17) and its bottom (24), and the channels 29 for supplying air and / or air-fuel mixture to the combustion chamber (9) are placed in the body of the outer jacket of the cylinder (21) and its bottom (20) in such a way that they allow for valve spooling extraction with the help of gas exhaust channels 30 and air supply channels 31 located in the piston body and out of the piston skirt to the lateral surface (15), the exhaust gas outlet channel (28) from the internal combustion chamber (9) located in the cylinder body of the heater (17) is made in the form of a hollow shell 32 with at least one tangential channel 33 connecting the hollow shell with an internal combustion chamber (9).

The body 34 of the composite piston (11) in the region of the piston skirt (15) is made of a heat-resistant alloy and / or ceramic and / or composite material.

An aerodynamic valve for supplying air or air-fuel mixture located in the piston body (34) and made in the form of a toroidal hollow cavity 35 with at least one inlet channel 36 connecting the cavity with the channel for supplying air or air-fuel mixture passing in the piston, and, at least one tangential channel 37 facing the side surface of the piston skirt (15).

The engine operates as follows.

The operation of the air compressor.

With an increase in the volume of the piston chamber of the air compressor, the chamber (10) is filled with atmospheric air / combustible mixture.

With a decrease in volume, extruding air / fuel mixture into the combustion chamber of an adjacent antiphase cylinder through its piston channel.

At the “inlet” and “outlet” of the air compressor chamber, flap valves and / or rotary disk 38 spool valves, or gas distribution valves of other types, as well as electrically operated valves for adjusting the intake and exhaust phases can be installed.

Also, at the “inlet” and “outlet” of the air compressor chamber, air receivers / accumulators / mixtures, carburetors, nozzles can be installed.

The work of the camera with the supply of heat.

With a decrease in the volume of the over-piston (8) working (plasma-vortex working) chamber with the supply of heat originally filled with working gas (air, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, propane-butane, other monogas or mixtures), it is compressed and extrusion through tangential channels into the displacement cavity with a swirl. Due to the directivity of the velocity vector of the vortex flow of the working gas to the outer wall of the displacing cavity formed by the inner wall of the refrigerator (outer jacket of the cylinder), the “flow” of the working gas is “pressed” to the wall with the transfer of heat of compression to the refrigerator as a result of interaction. Moreover, the interaction of the vortex flow of the working gas with the inner wall of the displacing cavity (formed by the outer surface of the heater) is not decisive. When the piston stops at a dead point, the vortex movement of the working gas in the displacing cavity is stopped by friction and subsequent gas dynamics.

With an increase in the volume of the working (plasma-vortex working) chamber with heat supply, the compressed working gas flows out of the displacing cavity through tangential channels with a “reverse” swirl already in the working chamber with heat extraction due to gas expansion as from the outer surface of the heater in the displacing cavity, and from the inner surface of the heater inside the working chamber with the completion of useful work on moving the piston and transferring it to a rotating shaft. In this case, the working chamber and the displacing cavity together are a chamber for supplying heat from the surfaces of the heater.

When the activation energy (ionization, dissociation) of the working gas is supplied to the plasma-vortex chamber through the input (25) of plasma-forming energy (activator) in the compression stroke of the working gas, the effect of “active” regeneration of compression heat is realized with its transfer from the compression stroke to the expansion stroke, which helps to reduce the amount of heat of compression, "dumped" into the refrigerator, and therefore - increase thermal efficiency.

The operation of the internal combustion chamber.

When the volume of the inter-piston (9) chamber, which is the internal combustion chamber, decreases, the previously placed combustible mixture or air (with fuel injection through the nozzle 39) is compressed and ignited by the high-voltage spark breakdown on the spark plug 40. The heat released in this case heats the compressed mixture, which sharply increases its pressure on the piston piston working surface and useful work is done to move the piston with its transfer to the output shaft and the piston piston surface for compressing the working gas in the working chamber with the supply of heat (8).

The combustible combustible mixture heats the inner cylindrical walls of the internal combustion chamber, which together constitute the inner surface of the heater, and the exhaust gases heat the outer surface of the heater, which is the inner surface of the displacing cavity, for which the channel (s) of the exhaust gases are laid in the body of the bottom and walls of the heater. Moreover, due to the fact that the channel of the exhaust gases laid in the wall of the heater is made in the form of a hollow shell, and the channel in the bottom of the heater is made not radial, but tangential - turbulence of the hot exhaust gases occurs with “pressing” to the outer surface of the channel shell and transfer the heat of the "low temperature" surface of the heater (the inner surface of the displacing cavity) for a chamber with heat input. The flues 41 at the outlet of the hollow shell of the exhaust gas channel serve to exhaust the exhaust gases and can be combined into exhaust pipes 42 or a single exhaust pipe (system) for all engine cylinders.

Further, when the piston moves and the volume of the combustion chamber approaches the maximum, the combustion chamber is connected through a channel (s) located in the piston with an exhaust gas channel (s) located in the body of the bottom and wall of the heater and, with some delay, the connection of the air supply channels with combustion chamber. As a result, a “purge” and gas exchange take place in the combustion chamber with the replacement of a burnt portion of gases with a new portion of air or a combustible mixture. When the piston moves back to reduce the volume of the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is cut off from the exhaust gas channels and the air / combustible mixture.

The above-described “purge” of the combustion chamber has a significant drawback - with simultaneously open channels, part of the fresh portion of the air / combustible mixture is ejected from the combustion chamber into the exhaust gas channel, significantly reducing the gas filling of the combustion chamber (at the same time, it should be noted that the emission of part of the fresh portion of air into the flue gas channel will contribute to the afterburning of flue gases with their purification to "environmental standards" and the transfer of heat to the heater).

To improve this point, an aerodynamic valve located in the piston body and made in the form of a toroidal hollow cavity with at least one axial radial inlet channel connecting the cavity with the passage in the piston is used in the air / combustible mixture supply channel (in exchange or in addition) channel air or air-fuel mixture, and at least one tangential channel overlooking the side surface of the piston skirt and working as follows.

When the piston moves to open the channels, the tangential channel (s) of the aerodynamic valve are first connected to the combustion chamber, and due to the high pressure, the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber enter the tangential channel (s) into the toroidal cavity of the aerodynamic valve and, "twisting" into vortex, and, clinging to the outer wall of the cavity - are “locked”, and cannot get into the input channel (channels) of the toroidal cavity, i.e. cut off from the air / air-fuel mixture channel passing in the piston body.

Then, when the combustion chamber is connected to the exhaust gas channel (s), their pressure in the combustion chamber drops sharply due to expiration, the aerodynamic valve “unlocks”, and after closing the exhaust gas channels with a further piston return stroke, gas chamber is filled through the aerodynamic valve combustion of a new portion of air / combustible air-fuel mixture up to the "closure" (cut-off from the combustion chamber) of the tangential channel (s) of the aerodynamic valve that goes to the side surface of the piston ki.

When the combustion chamber is filled with gas through the tangential channel (s) of the aerodynamic valve, turbulence in the outgoing flows also occurs to better mix the portion of fuel injected by the injected nozzle (39).

As a result of the synchronous operation of all chambers, the air compressor chamber is filled with air, and a portion of the air / fuel mixture is compressed and released into the combustion chamber of the other (opposite) cylinder. In this case, a similar portion of air / combustible mixture enters the combustion chamber of the cylinder in question, is compressed, ignited, expanded with useful work and heating of the wall (inner wall of the heater), and is discharged in the form of hot exhaust gases, giving off heat to the outer wall of the heater. In the future, the heat from the walls of the heater is used to convert into additional useful work in a chamber with heat input, significantly increasing the efficiency of the hybrid.

For compression separation of the working chambers from each other, the hybrid engine (like an adiabatic engine) can have non-lubricated (dry) compression seals of the piston, skirts and walls of the working chambers (compression and crimping rings) made of composite materials, and to separate the chamber of the air compressor from intracranial space - conventional widespread rod seals.

When using fiberboard (gaseous or liquefied) methane or a propane-butane mixture as both fuel and working gas, it is possible to do without using piston compression rings between the heat supply chamber and the internal combustion chamber, since, on the one hand, in the chambers not too high compression ratios are assumed - therefore, the working gas that has penetrated through the clearance of the piston-cylinder from the DVPT chamber will be used in the ICE chamber as fuel with an increase in supply (during compression in the DVPT) and afterburning at the outlet e, and the products of the burning fuel-air mixture that enter the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine will “dilute” the working gas with air (a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen), carbon monoxide and dioxide, water vapor and other components inherent in the “exhaust” of the internal combustion engine ( with conversion of solid-phase carbon into gaseous oxide in the DVPT chamber), but due to the constant supply of working gas to the DVPT chamber, its concentration will be restored to a certain level, on the other hand, the production of a certain amount of carbon in the solid phase in both chambers e will be coked, "rubbing carbon", and clear the gap, providing a "gas-dynamic lubrication."

The use of liquefied methane as fuel and working gas is the most promising in the regions of the Far North and the Far East, due to the presence of methane production and liquefaction facilities there.

Maintaining optimal temperatures of the internal wall of the internal combustion chamber and the temperature of the exhaust gases at the exit of the hybrid engine under various modes of operation is provided by changing the initial (at the beginning of the compression stroke) pressure of the working gas in the working chamber with heat supply by injection or bleeding portions of the working gas, volume ratio the displacement cavity to the volume of the working chamber with heat supply, gas-dynamic resistance of the tangential channels of the DVPT, depending on their passage sections and total amount, the input power level of activating plasma-forming energy, as well as the regulation of ICE elements: control of the throttle position 43, control of the air supply phases, as well as the phase and amount of fuel injection by the nozzle, control of the ignition moment, and pre-charge.

Supplementing the heat engine with an electric machine on the shaft: a starter-generator-engine with a battery and / or capacitor bank - will significantly improve its operational capabilities for afterburner traction and braking with recovery, for fuel economy and ecology.

The technical result of the invention is the improvement of gas distribution mechanisms, an increase in throttle response and specific power of the engine, an increase in efficiency, reliability and engine life.

Claims (7)

1. An engine having a housing-crankcase with a mechanism located therein for converting the translational movement of the rods with pistons into rotational motion of the shaft, air supply system, fuel supply system, ignition, gas distribution and gas exhaust system, characterized in that it contains at least two stepped cylinders with heads , each of which includes three chambers of variable volume, formed by a step piston having a sub-piston, over-piston, inter-piston working surfaces and an inter-piston skirt, as well as divided the heater and the cooler are insulated, the refrigerator is made in the form of an external stepwise cylinder shirt with a bottom, in the narrow inner cylindrical part of which the piston surface and the bottom form a piston chamber of an air compressor providing air or air-fuel mixture, the heater is made in the form of an internal cylinder shirt with a bottom in which the cylinder head and piston surface form a piston working or plasma-vortex filled with a gaseous working fluid plasma-injected energy-generating working chamber with heat supply connected by at least one gas duct with a displacing cavity made in the form of a hollow shell and located between the heater and the refrigerator in its wide part, and the heater bottom, piston skirt and piston surface form the inter-piston working chamber of the internal a combustion having a common inner cylindrical surface of the heater with an adjacent supra-piston chamber, exhaust gas channels from the combustion chamber are placed in the body of the heater and its bottoms a, and the channels for supplying air or air-fuel mixture to the combustion chamber are placed in the body of the outer jacket of the cylinder in such a way that they allow the piston to carry out gas distribution using the channels located in the body of the piston that open onto the side surface of the piston skirt. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust gas outlet channel from the internal combustion chamber located in the body of the cylindrical part of the heater is made in the form of a hollow shell with at least one tangential channel connecting the hollow shell with the internal combustion chamber. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a composite piston, the body of which in the region of the piston skirt is made of heat-resistant metal alloy, and / or ceramic, and / or composite material. 4. An engine having a housing-crankcase with a mechanism for converting the translational movement of the rods with pistons into the rotational movement of the shaft, air supply, fuel supply, ignition, gas distribution and gas removal system, and containing at least two stepped cylinders with heads, each of which includes three chambers of variable volume formed by a stepped piston having a sub-piston, supra-piston, inter-piston working surfaces and an inter-piston skirt, and also separated by a heat insulator a fridge and a refrigerator, the refrigerator being made in the form of an outer stepwise cylinder shirt with a bottom, in the narrow inner cylindrical part of which the piston surface and the bottom form a piston chamber of an air compressor providing air or air-fuel mixture, the heater is made in the form of an internal cylinder shirt with a bottom, in which the cylinder head and piston surface form a super-piston working or plasma-vortex filled with a gaseous working fluid with the input of plasma-forming energy a chamber with heat supply connected by at least one gas duct with a displacement cavity made in the form of a hollow shell and located between the heater and the refrigerator in its wide part, and the heater bottom, piston skirt, and piston surface form an inter-piston working combustion chamber, having a common inner cylindrical surface of the heater with an adjacent piston chamber, exhaust gas channels from the combustion chamber are located in the heater body and its bottom, and air supply channels or the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber is placed in the body of the outer jacket of the cylinder in such a way that the piston can be controlled by gas distribution using channels located in the body of the piston that open onto the side surface of the piston skirt, characterized in that it further comprises an aerodynamic valve for supplying air or air-fuel mixture located in the body of the piston and made in the form of a toroidal hollow cavity with at least one inlet channel connecting the cavity with passing through Šnē air supply duct or the air-fuel mixture, and at least one tangential passage opening to a lateral surface of inter-piston skirt. 5. The engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the exhaust gas outlet channel from the internal combustion chamber located in the body of the cylindrical part of the heater is made in the form of a hollow shell with at least one tangential channel connecting the hollow shell with the internal combustion chamber. 6. The engine according to claim 4, characterized in that it contains a composite piston, the body of which in the region of the piston skirt is made of heat-resistant metal alloy, and / or ceramic, and / or composite material. 7. The engine under item 4, characterized in that it further comprises an electric machine located on the output shaft.

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