SU475139A1 - Method for stimulating plant growth of trees and shrubs - Google Patents

Description

The invention of otiosit to methods of treating plants, in particular, to methods of stimulating the vital activity of plants under adverse external influences.

The known methods of preserving vegetation and air pollution conditions with harmful industrial emissions are reduced to the use of the most resistant plant species and intensive agrotechnical effects, including presowing seed soaking with strontium, manganese and cobalt solutions.

The use of a limited number of species of gas-resistant plants in cities and industrialized areas leads to an artificial depletion of the species composition of vegetation on extensive and more extensive areas, which contradicts the principles of nature conservation and rational use of natural resources.

Recommended agrotechnical measures (regulating irrigation, loosening the soil, washing the treetops with water and detergent solutions, abundant fertilizer, special feedings and pre-sowing seed treatment with microelements and vitamins using soil boers and other technical means) are still very effective and short-lived. and very time consuming.

2

The purpose of the invention is to improve the condition of plants under conditions of air pollution with industrial emissions, especially ammonia, sulfur dioxide.

gas and oxides of nitrogen.

To do this, cobalt chloride is used as a stimulator at a concentration of from 10 to 100 mg / l, from the calculation of its consumption from 10 to 100 g / ha, and the processing of evergreen trees and shrubs is carried out in the phase of the beginning of sap flow, and deciduous trees and shrubs - after the formation of the first leaves. In laboratory experiments seedlings of peas

(water culture) with four fully formed leaflets are transplanted into distilled water with the addition of cobalt Xtopic in different concentrations. Yosle daily stay on this mixture

The plants are subjected to triple aeration with harmful gas by threshold coupling (10–12 mg / m–). Each gassing is continued from 3hour and repeated every other day. Yasle gazatstpy rasttepi maintained in normal conditions

3 days. Then weighed. Controls are plants that have not received cobalt supplements.

In tab. 1 shows the mean values for 10 plants of the experiment. The error of the results does not exceed 5.8%.

Table 1

Air without harmful impurities

1.0

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

0.00001

about

1.0

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

0.00001

about

1.0

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

0.00001

about

From tab. 1 shows that in plants in the air without harmful impurities, the addition of cobalt chloride leads to a slight decrease in wet weight (on average by 7.1%) and an increase in dry weight (B on average by 2.6%), compared to the control. Practically, such results can be considered as positive, since it is dry weight that is important under normal growing conditions.

In air mixed with ammonia, control plants lose more than 50% wet weight. Adding cobalt to the solution of experimental plants reduces these losses by 2-17% (on average by 10.7%).

The effect on dry weight in most cases is insignificant, except for the variant with concentration of table. 2 that cobalt chloride is most effective, under given test conditions, at concentrations of 1.0 and 0.1 mg / l.

In tab. 3 presents data showing the effect of cobalt chloride and on the condition of woody plants in the field. The tests were conducted in the zone of action of industrial air emissions of a chemical plant. For spraying, a solution of cobalt chloride at a concentration of 10 mg / l was used. Processed seedlings ate

cobalt 0.1 mg / l, where an increase in dry weight by 11.3% is observed.

In air with an admixture of nitrogen oxides, cobalt chloride has a positive effect on plants only at maximum concentrations of 1.0 and 0.1 mg / l, where a significant increase in wet and dry weight is observed.

In the air with admixture of sulfur dioxide under the influence of cobalt, there is a very significant increase in the wet weight of plants in all variants - on average by 22.5%. The effect on dry weight is not significant.

In tab. 2 presents a summary of the table. one

table 2

Raw weight

Dry weight

Common at the age of 20 years, English oak and Scots pine at the age of 30 years. Plants sprinkled with water served as controls.

From tab. 3 it can be seen that cobalt chloride ordinary pine has a positive, but not statistically significant, effect. In pine, needle safety is improved by 31.0%, branch growth is 4.1%, and needle length is 8.1% longer.

Pine ordinary

Growth of branches (cm)

0.61 Needle Length (cm)

5.18

Pedunculate oak

2.59

0.02 91.00

pt91, 00

0.087

3.53

Spruce ordinary

0.10

2.86 3.18 0.62

 Processing in April 1971, accounting in August 1971. Processing in May I97I and 1972, accounting in August 1972. Processing in March 1970.

In pedunculate oak, treatment with cobalt leads to a significant increase in irirost in diameter (by 43.0%), a decrease in leaf agglomeration by a worm (by 41.0%) and an increase in sheath, to her assessment of the condition (by 18.2%). In addition, the number of necrosis decreases by 11.6% on oak leaves.

In the common spruce, under the influence of cobalt, the spring coloration is significantly, 74.2% improved, and redness of the tips of the needles is completely eliminated.

For experiments on common spruce and pedunculate oak, homogeneous branches were selected. One of the branches on each tree was not sprayed, the second was sprayed with water, and a third with a solution of cobalt chloride at a concentration of 10 mg / l. Spraying with water and solution was carried out on August 16, 1970. On August 21 of the same year, all experimental branches were simultaneously taken under observation of carbon dioxide gas exchange (photosynthesis). Photosynthesis was recorded for a full day using the automatic installation Larfotos. According to the results of observations, regressive linear equations of the connection of photosynthesis with factors taken into account were obtained. No concentrations of harmful gases in the air were recorded during the observation period. However, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air during this period ranged from 0.52 to 0.75 mg / l, which is an indicator of a significant pollution of the atmosphere of the industrial industry. Table 3

4,10

9.26

1.49 8.10 5.60

0.60

74.20

3.48 100.0 5.14

ABOUT

flue emissions, because the correlation between the concentration of harmful gases and the concentration of carbon dioxide is 0.79 g.

In tab. 4 shows the product of the coefficients of the equations by the average value of the corresponding environmental factors.

From tab. 4 it follows that under the influence of cobalt chloride in both the above equations of photosynthesis, the positive effect of light intensity and concentration of carbon dioxide increases noticeably. Under these conditions, these changes can only indicate a decrease in the degree of harmfulness of industrial emissions for plants.

The growth of oak but the radius in the experimental variant exceeds control by 43.0%. The average increment of closed oak seedling of 1 bonitet (according to Wimmenauer) is 6.7 m per 1 ha. If we take into account that in conditions of industrial air pollution the growth of lopeless does not reach the specified average value, but is reduced by 43% and only the application of the recommended method brings it to an average, then the indicated average increase is 6.7, the initial increase without spraying is 4 7, and the resulting increase in growth - 2.0.

It can be concluded that the use of cobalt chloride will also be effective for the treatment of agricultural crops under conditions of industrial air pollution.

Norway spruce (mg COA per 10 cm of covered branches)

Air humidity

Air temperature

Illumination

Carbonic acid concentration in the air

Unaccounted factors

Daily balance of photosynthesis Reliability of equations

English Oak (mg COj per I dcm sheet)

Humidity of air Temperature of air Illumination Concentration of carbonic acid Unaccounted factors

Daily balance of photosynthesis Reliability of equations

Subject invention

1. A method of stimulating the growth of plants of trees and shrubs by treating them with a stimulator solution, characterized in that, in order to improve the condition of plants under conditions of air pollution with industrial emissions, these. especially ammonia, sulfur dioxide and oxide 10 Table 4

Changes in the daily balance of photosynthesis under the influence of cobalt chloride

-1.74 0.13 0.05

-0.61

1.74

0.43

0.027 9.12

-2.96

1.57

0.18

10.33

-10,33

- 1.21

Claims (2)

1.16 1.51 lamines of nitrogen, cobalt chloride is used as a stimulator in a concentration from Gu to 100 mg / l from the calculation of its consumption from 10 to 100 g / ha. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of evergreen trees and shrubs is carried out in the phase of the beginning of sap flow, and deciduous trees and shrubs after forming the first leaves.