SU47347A1 - Method for measuring distances using electromagnetic waves - Google Patents

Description

The task of determining the distance between the two points is of great scientific and practical interest, and its simple resolution must find a number of applications, for example, for geodesic and similar purposes.

Most of the above methods are based on the use of the reflection method, and the time between sending and returning is usually measured to determine the distance. The principal disadvantage of these methods is that the reception and transmission are accompanied by an unsteady mode, as a result of which the accuracy of the measurement of the time interval between the sending and return of the signal is not great.

The proposed distance measuring device also uses the reflection principle. It excludes non-stationary processes, and the distance is determined by measuring the phase difference of two oscillations. In the present invention, the invention proposes to apply the following scheme to measure the distance between two points A and B: from point A, oscillations of frequency W, which are received at point B, where frequency is transformed up or down into integer, are radiated a number of times. Obtained in paragraph B after

The frequency transformations of the frequency A are again radiated and taken to nyHKfe A, where the phase difference of the oscillations emitted from this point and received there is determined. For large distances and waves, it is necessary to measure the phase difference for two frequencies. In this case, the measurement of the phase difference can be replaced by the measurement of the frequency change necessary to change the phase difference by a certain angle.

The phase difference of the oscillations emitted from point A and taken in point B will be:

fsr, + 2 /,. where JC is the distance between points A and B, and c is the speed of light.

The phase difference of the oscillations received from point B and received in point A will be:

 + 2 / G,

The phase difference of the oscillations emitted from point A and received there will be

(I + n) shh

(B

+ v, s /

where 6, the phase constant, caused by the devices. Value of 8 can

either measure or take account of it in advance by calibrating the devices.

In the event that the received frequency is transformed into the frequency w, the phase difference will be

CP + 2L-. (,

1 / 7UI

Since the phase difference indicators only give us the value of -fi, to determine the value of x, it is necessary to measure the phase difference even at some other frequency. This results in some other phase difference:

(1 + P) (oj rt Ash) X

rrj i nif

-4-in

t -p-inr:

PS

Know G), DB), Wed, Wed 6, we find K and the desired distance x, 0, and 8 can either be measured, or be taken into account by the special grading of the devices.

It is easy to see that if -b change to 27G, then X can be found, if only Yes is known, since -In this case

 -} - P iioj

D 27:

2-s / g

X

(1) w

Thus, by determining the frequency change necessary to change the phase difference at a given angle, we can measure the distance.

The subject matter of the invention.

A method for measuring the distance between two points with the help of electromagnetic waves, in which measurement of the phase difference of two oscillations is used, characterized in that from point A (or B the frequency oscillation o, which is received at point B (or A), is transformed by frequency up or down an integer number of times, re-emitted and received at point A (or B), and to measure the distance, either the phase difference of the oscillations emitted and received at fixed wavelengths at either point, or the frequency change, neob required to change the phase difference of these oscillations by a fixed angle.