SU44855A1 - Peat dewatering method - Google Patents

Description

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for the efficient dewatering of fine peat in endless columns.

By itself, the method (the absence of fine peat by the pressure of its own weight in endless columns is known.

However, the methods used so far are characterized by the disadvantage that during dehydration a lot of dry particles are lost along with the flowing water.

The essence of the present invention lies in the fact that, prior to procuring through columns that are not new in themselves, coagulated fine peat or fine peat previously subjected to chemical or physical treatment, such as heating, acquires the property that it is possible to squeeze water. from the peat mass, do not rub dry peat particles. Peat on the mass is passed through a column formed from separate filters with a peat mass in them, placed one on another; In this column, the peat on the mass as it moves downward is gradually pressed and taken out finally as a compact mass from the filter, which in turn is re-loaded with liquid peat 86).

NOVs, the mass becomes the top of the column and thus the pressing process is infinite.

The ability of the colloidal liquid peat mass to compress and its ability to be pressed is inversely proportional, i.e., as the first increases with grinding, the second decreases. It does not matter if this mass was obtained by artificial grinding and liquefaction by solid peat or by natural colloidal decomposition and swelling in a liquid medium. Peat substance, which is in a colloidal state, is crushed and decomposed to a complete loss of the initial structure, although it is practically not amenable to neither pressing nor filtering, but has a very pronounced compressibility.

The ability of colloidal peat to be pressed and filtered, necessary for economic briquetting of liquid peat, can be imparted to it by coagulation (i.e., intimately mixing it with water containing electrolytes or for any other reason which coagulates). full preservation of its properties, or even with the improvement of this property, which is also necessary for the economic briquetting of liquefied fuel, has its own properties, enhanced by the fact that the peat substance was previously crushed but.

If you pour out the “hydrohorof” (i.e., the peat mass, crushed by a stream of water or by some other method and mixed with water and liquefied by it) onto a drainage plot of land for drying, then this plot of land acts not only as a dehydrator, but also as filter. The surface of such a site, however, is quickly clogged up by filtering non-coagulated hydrotroph (e.g., peat with a content of 3.4% dry matter), which becomes a surface capable of filtering liquid peat only for the next year. In contrast, when filling a piece of land three times with a hydrotorf of the same type, but liquefied one more time in IVa with an admixture of 0.2% natural gypsum solution (i.e., almost saturated), its surface, after triple filtration, does not just clog, but on the contrary, it is even better to pass water from a hydrotroph (containing only 0.033% of the gypsum solution) through itself, and, moreover, with the effect that each new flooding with a hydrotorf gives the surface more water than the previous one. On average, three spills of coagulated hydrotorf gave the filtering surface in three days three times more water than in the case of the same spills of non-coagulated peat in four days. The largest water return occurred in the first thirty minutes.

Despite the fact that, in reality, the coagulating substance needs to be intimately mixed with the crushed mass, after such a triple infiltration of water, the coagulated hydrotorf containing very little gypsum, and, the peat on the filtering surface itself was so coagulated that after pressing it contained 24.8% instead of 18.2% of dry matter, i.e. more, one third of dry matter, more than with fpoflaoM injection, and the same amount of non-coagulated water from hygrothyroid.

Depressing such peat, filtered on swampy soil, through which a coagulating substance has leaked out three times, which has already been used and therefore contains at best only 33 hundred hundred dissolved gypsum, requires 50 atm. pressure for one hour to obtain peat with a content of 24.8% dry matter. If, on the other hand, the peat mass coagulated by the most effective coagulating agent, namely, a colloidal solution of iron oxide hydrate of low concentration (0, iron) was pressed, the pressed peat with 20.1% of dry matter was obtained at 6 atm. pressure and at pressing only for, b minutes.

When pressing water out of a fibrous peat mass, i.e., from a mass that has little decomposed and well-repressible, high pressure (for example, 25-100 atm.) Causes the loss of peat substance up to 50 / o, while finely ground peat , as proved by the aforementioned loss of colloids in filtering experiments with non-coagulated hydrotrophs, which pass through the slightest holes of the filters, should suffer significant losses in the substance even at the lowest pressures, losses that significantly reduce its ability be compressed and its calorific value. High pressure almost completely destroys the ability of peat to compress.

The above-mentioned results, supported by G. Stadnikov's experiments (Novice Peat on Chemistry, 1930, pages 8-33 and 57-70) with hydro- and filter-peters in various combinations of coagulation, filtration and pressing, prove that each coagulation of colloidal liquid peat leads to coagulation of small peat colloids. At the same time, the colloidally bound water is converted into free water, so that really coagulated fine peat can be neutralized by both filtering and lightly рес drying under pressure without tto screwing in

colloids of peat could be extruded with filtered or pressed water.

When pressing a peat mass under high pressure, a combination of chemical, coagulating agents and physical means of pressing is impossible, leaving the pressed mass unchanged, i.e., preserving all its small colloids and maintaining its compressibility and calorific value. With this pressing, even coagulated coagulated small colloids are squeezed out along with flowing free water and, in addition, in such quantity that they not only clog the filter channels in the compression layer and the filters themselves, but that their percolation is detrimental to the heating capacity and the compressed mass to compress ( and the ability to shrink is almost zero).

Fine peat becomes pressed, the review by type and degree of its grinding, already at its dehydration up to 15 content of dry substances. It is pressed into wet briquettes, which are compressed with the complete preservation of their solids and can be folded into stacks; However, the fact that fine peat, coagulated with a colloidal solution containing 25 parts or more of iron, is dehydrated to 28, P / o of the total solids content is only at 6 atm. pressure and at the time of departure (it’s only for a few minutes, it’s said that cheap production by purely mechanical means of peat briquettes, drying out briquettes and maintaining storage (in stock) directly from the swamp is possible. Wet briquette in The form can be stacked with openings in individual briquettes for ventilation. In the form of tan, it can be stored in the open air in piles of needles for ventilation without particular damage to its calorific value. At the same time it is compressed, depending on the type peat, dry briquettes, suitable for coal and wood by hardness, density, dryness and calorific value.

Such a npdcToe solution of the problem of wet peat briquette is difficult, however, due to the high costs associated with the extraction of this coagulating agent. The production of peat briquettes by purely mechanical means directly from the swamp, briquettes that dry out and withstand stacking, is possible with the use of cheaper and weaker coagulating means. For this, it is sufficient, for example, to coagulate the peat mass 0 with a gypsum solution in combination with a pressing method in which the freezing of even non-coagulated fine peat, at very low pressures, to a degree of dryness that exceeds its lowest degree of 15 - 20% content of dry parts, at which the compressibility of peat is again restored.

Such dewatering under pressure is achieved by continuous self-pressing of liquid peat in many thin layers under a maximum pressure of 3.5 atm., Increasing over the layers.

FIG. 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings are shown in vertical section through about three pressing devices suitable for such a process.

The first of these three pressing devices (Fig. 1) consists, for example, of a column with 30 filter layers, the second (Fig. 2) with a 24th filter layer, and the third (Fig. 3) with only 18 filter layers. layers (b) 25 cm each. These filter beds are made up of boxes that are exactly in one another and, moreover, in such a way that each box with its lower part presses against the upper part of the box below it. In this way, the liquid peat in the lower layers is gradually pressed through the filter bottoms in the boxes weighing each part; The crate and the weight of all cages located above it.

The three pressure columns shown in FIG. 1-3, in addition to the number of their filter elements, also in that in the column of FIG. 1 each filter element (fi-fso) under the filter plate & It is also equipped with (also self-inserted) dense bottom 6i and with a pump so that the water pressed in each separate filter layer flows along this bottom without passing through the lower layers coagulated before the pressing process.

In the press column of FIG. 2 are equipped with a double bottom of the above-described genus b and bi, not all filter elements, but only every n-th layer, in this example case every third (i.e., 3, 6, 12, etc. up to 24) layer, two the layers lying in the interlayer have only filter bottoms b,

In the press column of FIG. 3, all filter elements should be provided only with filter bottoms b or also with filter holes in part of their side walls.

The filter elements filled with liquid peat gradually and forcibly descend from top to bottom of the iepe3 the whole column formed by them. The column of filter layers goes all the way down by 25 cm as the pressed layer is removed from the bottom. The height of the column is again replenished by 25 cm with the filter element that is placed on top of it. In this way, the effect is achieved that each of the thirty, twenty-four or eighteen layers of liquid peat of these three columns turns out to be pressed by the weight of all the layers lying above it, each time the column moves downward, i.e. the pressure increased by thirty, twenty-four or eighteen times From the bottom of the column, the pressed layer is taken out of the box in the form of a single piece. This filter box is refilled with liquid peat and flows down from the top to the column in order to go through this endless journey.

In the proposed three exemplary processes of self-pressing of thin layers of liquid peat in pressure columns, which remain constant in height and number of layers in them, despite the uniformity of the downward movement of permanently removing the lower pressed layer, the difference in the filter design of these three columns of ffo in FIG. 1, 2 and 3 should be applied to the effect of coagulation and physical squeezing.

The chemical effect in the above-described combined dual process of coagulation of liquid peat and its self-pressing can be 6bitb significantly increased in the pressure column of FIG. 3. Since in this post it all 18 (or their number) filter boxes are equipped with ordinary (or double) filter bottoms b, the coagulating action is limited not only by single coagulation produced before the start of pressing, but coagulation also occurs in all 18 individual pressure filter layers, during the pressing process when passing through the entire column of FIG. 3. Coagulation is produced by the already used coagulating agent, i.e., by the water flowing out of all the overlying layers.

The pressure column device of FIG. 3 makes it possible to strengthen and improve a weaker coagulating action of, say, a coagulating agent, such as a 0.2 / o-gypsum solution, by subsequent coagulation of thin pressure filter layers. This subsequent {coagulation occurs free of charge by means of a coagulating agent already used, the amount of which is regulated by the number of filter beds and the water content of them; she can be usi; and improved to a degree equal to full-dimensional coagulation of liquid peat with an iron oxide hydrate solution (with an iron content of 0,), or even to a degree greater than this coagulation.

In this way, in each individual filter bed of the pressure column of FIG. 3 coagulation of fine peat colloids and the formation of free water to such an extent that, just as when filtering coagulated hydrohort, when self-coagulated fine peat is self-pressing, only free water but not fine peat colloids will flow down .

If it happened that the column in FIG. 3 it was not possible to reach a dewatering pressure of approximately 90-50% (i.e., "and each ton of wet pressed" assy in 900, 800 to 100 kg of ode content), despite the chemical effect of the subsequent coagulation simultaneously with self-pressing of thin pressing and the filter layers are physically compacted with each downward movement, then this deficiency is replenished or reduced next. As in the pressure column of FIG. 2, every third (or p-ny) filter box is provided under the filter bottom bi with a still dense bottom so that water flowing out of the filter layers above the double bottoms can be directed to coagulate the underlying filter layers repeatedly, after which the water is immediately removed from the column.

These three examples alone of the relative controllability of physical and chemical interactions, consisting of an appropriate combination of fine peat coagulation and self-pressing, prove that there is a possibility to extract purely mechanical means directly from a bog (or untouched) fine pressed peat with a solid / dry content and with fewer pressing layers, with less time for pressing and at weaker pressures than with self-pressing and coagulated fine peat.

This pressed peat can be provided with natural compaction, depending on the degree of compressibility, in a conventional way of stacking in piles with openings for ventilation; briquettes from wet peat with a dry matter content of at least 15-20% are converted to dry briquettes. Or it is possible to subject such peat with a dry matter content of 50% to artificial drying with superheated steam (according to Steiner “Lime societies promote the culture of wetlands p. 58 et seq. 89 et seq. 1931). The peat is also dried in the form of wet pressed briquettes while maintaining the same temperature of both dried peat and superheated steam.

This artificial peat can be briquetted after artificially drying, this is done with brown coal.

The described method has three main advantages. The first two advantages are the expedient use of two free forces of nature, namely, the force of gravity of the most compacted mass, for its primary dehydration and compaction by pressure and the force of contraction –dl of secondary final dehydration by self-consolidation. The third major advantage is the full or possible preservation of the qualities of the compressed mass (i.e., calorific value and compressibility) and the use of free means, i.e. coagulating agent already used, for subsequent layer-based coagulation of the compressible mass in order to improve the chemical coagulating influence on the process of self-compaction and self-consolidation. A further advantage of the new method is that it allows the reuse of already many times used coagulation agent. This coagulating agent, in which no colloids are contained, is used and, moreover, almost without any new cost, for the process of dewatering the compressible mass in the bog itself to be drained. At the same time, significant acceleration and cheapening of the production of hydrotrophs is achieved due to the fact that you can do completely without filtering and drying surfaces or use them for less than a long time.

New was the reuse of the third of the three free work tools (the force of gravity and the compressive force of the compressible mass and the waste water of the coagulating agent that was already in use) for the layer-by-layer coagulation of the compressible mass, which had already been subjected to preliminary coagulation for activation, which were in mutual connection of the process of sending and coagulation.

Proceeding from the fact that the force of squeezing fine peat, which is already statistically increased in the hydro-rot by grinding the substance, can be increased only by weakly coagulating the gypsum to a significant degree corresponding to the daily increase in dry substances at 11 ° C in wet briquettes when they are stacked with clearances, it can be concluded that the compressive force of the crushed peat can be further increased to the same extent by using a colloidal solution of the iron brittle or other highly coagulating reagents, living as a coagulant, much stronger than gypsum, which makes it possible to get briquettes like coal nyTerj self-shrinking (i.e. fast self-pressing when stacked) of highly constricting black and boursed peat with a few days or even hours dry matter content, brought about by pressing at least as far as folding them into stacks with lumens, or self-shrinking from wet briquettes of crushed pure light peat of the same minimum solids content, with one a more prolonged storage in schtabel x, materials, hard as stone, and withstand pressure processing (such as: lightweight building stones, slabs, etc...). Wet briquettes from coagulated fine light peat with a minimum of soda, and the holding of dry substances can be completely relieved of their fibrous properties by self-consolidation when folded into stacks with lumens. In this form, they are easily crushed into fine, homogeneous granular peat flour, suitable because of its wettability, low sulfur content, easy flammability and rapid combustion, not only for ordinary coal dust furnaces, but also for feeding internal combustion engines. In swampy areas, peat in the form of peat flour can be used as a fuel that surpasses all other fuels with its economy.

Dehydration by self-pressing in

thin layers of fine peat

enhanced by another fixture for

addition of designs as it comes from

ig. 4 and 5.

The pressure column of FIG. 4 is the same as the column of FIG. 1 of the press elements, located one above the other, with double bottoms b and bi. The bottom bi is located so far below the bottom & as far as it is pressed, as it passes through the entire column, into the thin pressing layer immediately below it under the influence of the weight of the pressing column elements.

In the pressure column of FIG. One filter trusses only the upper bottom of the L, while the lower bottom is dense, so that the pressing of the thin pressing layers can only take place downwards. In the pressure column, the filter plates also made the bottom plate b and the side walls of the space lying between both bottoms b and b. The thin press layers, which are located in the filter boxes of the column of FIG. 4, not pressed down as in the column of FIG. 1, but also up into the hollow space and, moreover, so that the pressed water can flow out from there. Due to this two-sided pressing, the dewatering pressure is distributed only approximately to the middle of the thin compressible layer; in this way, the thickness of the compressible layer, which is already insignificant, decreases by approximately half, and the physical: pressing effect increases, since the dewatering pressure increases with decreasing thickness of the fine peat layer.

Strengthening the physical effect of dewatering, obtained by the two-way action of dewatering under its own pressure in thin compressible layers of the pressure column of FIG. 4 will be greater for most peat varieties than an increase in chemical dehydration, which can be achieved by increasing the coagulating effect of unilateral pressing of the compressible layers in the pressure column of FIG. one.

Patent Subject

1. A method of dewatering peat under pressure of a column of filtering boxes mounted on one another with dehydrated peat, characterized by

by the fact that after the creation of a column from an adjustable number of boxers placed on each other, the already used coagulating agent is carried out through trifles of coagulated raw peat in order to re-coagulate the flow in lower boxes under increasing pressure.

2. A device for carrying out the method referred to in clause 1, consisting of a box with a filter bottom, provided with a second bottom, intended to install the box in a column on a box below which is different

the fact that the named second bottom b is also made filtering

3. In the implementation of the method referred to in paragraph 1, the use of all or only some ticks; for raw peat, equipped with a second filter bottom according to p. 2.

4. Video modification of the method indicated in paragraph 1, characterized in that the peat partially dehydrated by this method is subjected to further dehydration by pressing under high pressure, and then in air or in dryers.