SU44071A1 - Basting - Google Patents

Description

Primary accounting of field work in agriculture suffers greatly from the lack of accurate measurement of fields and the daily work done: arable land, sowing, etc.

The meter, bypassing the work site daily, makes measurements with a so-called basting, simply a wooden compass, with a distance between the ends of the legs of two meters (seedling), with a small handle at the top, so that it is more convenient to hold the compass in your hand; transferring such a compass from a leg to a leg, the caller, bypassing the field along the intersections, makes measurements, calculates the area of work done, or splits the field for future work.

This way of working has long existed in field work, it is recognized and does not require any special instruments other than basting, but this method has one very significant drawback: the count of revolutions of basting has to be kept in mind all the time, and it is very easy to get out of account: conversations, just some external object distracted attention for a minute, while the hand was throwing out the basting, and this is usually enough to forget how many were counted. Measuring people who are unskilled and not accustomed to prolonged attention are usually easily bewildered.

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and they rarely take the trouble to start over again, especially when a long distance has been covered, and more often they stop at a more or less likely figure and continue to count further.

All this on the ground leads to very big mistakes both in accounting for work and harvest, and in giving piecework wages, and from here to the mass of all sorts of misunderstandings and bickering.

In the proposed bore in the form of compasses, equipped with a counter of the number of measurements, placed on the axis of the basting eccentric, when measuring the latter, regardless of the direction of its rotation, sets in motion a tighter carrying pawls that act on the two ratchet wheels driven by them, separated by a washer with a hollow . At the moment of coincidence of the pits of the teeth of the ratchet wheels and the washer, one of the ratchet wheels reads the highest order.

In FIG. 1 is a front view with a partial cut; FIG. 2 is a cross section of the counter; FIG. Z-external view of it; FIG. 4-tier view; FIG. 5 is a front view of a large ratchet wheel; FIG. 6 is a side view of it; FIG. 7-view washers; FIG. 8 is a front view of a small ratchet wheel.

The fastening of the wedge-shaped legs of the basting to the axis 3 is done by

trapezoidal collar 5 and wedge b, worn on the axis 3 (Fig. 1).

Wedge 6 enters the clamp from the bottom, moving along axis 3 as a guide, and is secured with the help of a lug. The sides of the yoke and the wedge are not parallel, the distance a, so that the legs inserted into the yoke between its sides and the wedge and the tightened ones can no longer fall out (the legs will have a reverse wedge). The hole of the upper side of the collar 5 is tightly inserted 7, which serves as a guide for the axis 3 and is attached to the axis by means of a stud 8 passing through the through hole in the sleeve and the axis.

Thus, during rotation or rearrangement of the legs of the basting, provided that the handle 4 is stationary in the hand of the measurer, the basting unit will rotate together with the axis 3 and the eccentric 15 fixed on it. The handle 4 is immobilized by the ring 23 into which the finger passes hands of the accountant.

On the handle 4 there is a fixed housing 1, 2 of the counter, in which two ratchet wheels are installed — a large // and a small fja, for supporting the axes of which there is a bridge 70 attached by its legs 20 to the housing / counter. The axis of the large ratchet wheel // passes into the hole of the bridge that serves as a support for it, and the axis of the small ratchet wheel // sits on a pin mounted on the bridge with its heel. At the same time, the bridge serves as a separator between the ratchet wheels.

A large ratchet // wheel (Figs. 1, 5, and 6), having fifty teeth, is equipped with a dial with divisions from O to 99, with divisions being applied either on the ratchet wheel itself or on a separate dial and then attached to the ratchet the wheel. From the front side of the ratchet wheel between the dial and the ratchet wheel, a washer 24 is fastened together with rivets (Fig. 1, 7), the diameter of which is slightly larger (about 1 mm) than the diameter of the ratchet wheel //, provided with one depression coinciding with the hollows of the latter. This plate can serve as a dial with divisions.

A small ratchet wheel // a (Fig. 1, 8) and a dial with numbers from 0 to 9 are held together with each other and have a common axis, at the end of which there is a recess for centering the ratchet on the bridge pin, and the other end of the axis passes through the meter cover and mounted in a wing to rotate the dial by hand when shifting to zero position.

In the casing / the master / J (Figs. 1, 4) with dogs and springs supporting them. When the tambour is rotated to the right (working stroke), the pawl / 6 rotates the large ratchet wheel / 7 by one tooth, during the return stroke, the pawl slides along the tooth of the ratchet, and the ratchet is held back by the pin of the J8 pawl with a spring resting on the top of the mat /five. The dog / b, rotating on the same axis with the dog / 6, works with a shchita 24, equipped with a depression, and it sinks into the washer viadin only at the moment when the teeth of the large and small ratchet and the washer coincide.

At other times, the dog J6 slides along the edge of the washer 24 with a hollow, without touching the teeth of either a large or small ratchet, since the diameter of the washer is larger than the diameter of the large ratchet, and the circumference of the small ratchet is tangent to the circumference of the large.

Therefore, for one full turn of the large ratchet wheel //, when it has counted 50 teeth, the small ratchet will turn with a pawl / b- by one tooth.

The elliptical eccentric 5 (Fig. 1) is rigidly mounted on the axis 3 of the counter, passing through the handle 4 and connecting the counter to the knot of fastening the legs of the basting. When the axis 3 rotates, the eccentric rotates together with the axis and rests its edge on the heel / 4 of the telescope / 5, thus causing the teeter to swing. The eccentric, together with the master and the ratchet wheels, performs both right and left basting rotation, without which the meter will show incorrectly at all, it is necessary that the accountant could act both with his right and left hand.

The operation of the basting and the action of the counter occur as follows. The handle of the basting is taken in the hand so that the index or thumb of the hand is passed into the ring 23 (Fig. 1), and the basting, like a compass, throwing it from the foot to the foot, measures. Between the legs of the outline, a distance of 2 meters is taken (the usual measure is a sapling); therefore, for each half turn, the basting of 180 ° is measured at 2 meters.

In one half turn, the eccentric 75 (Fig. 1), rotating with axis 3, also makes one half turn. The eccentric abuts its edge with the edge of the J4 of the titan. For one half-turn of the eccentric, the tambour makes two moves forcibly — one to the right and one to the left by the difference of the ellipse's semi-axes: to the right-from the eccentric, to the left of the return spring / 9, inserted between the key and the bridge foot 20} 0.

The lower part of the tiger, in addition to the hem} 4, has a protrusion on the left, in the form of a bracket, on which two dogs 76 and 76 are planted on the axis fixed on it, which in FIG. 1 are shown in a combined position at the end of the stroke, in which all the valleys of the large and small ratchet wheels 77 and 7 / a and the washers 24 with one cavity coincide, and the small ratchet wheel 77a therefore rotates by one tooth and counts one hundred.

Since a large ratchet wheel has 50 teeth, and its dial has 100 divisions, one half turn of the outline, 2 meters, corresponds to two divisions of the dial of the large ratchet wheel 77; therefore, a complete wheel revolution counts 100 meters.

For each complete revolution of the large wheel, the // small ratchet wheel //a rotates by one tooth; in this case, it has ten divisions, so a full turn of the small ratchet will count 10X100 1000 meters.

For the dial numbers of the small ratchet showing hundreds, a window is made in the lid, and hundreds of zeros are stamped on the lid itself. The ratchet wheels are kept from reverse motion by dogs with springs, a large wheel-dog 75, and a small dog 72, rotating on the axis of the large ratchet on top of the bridge. The rotary axis 3 of the counter at the top is attached to the handle with two washers 27 and 22, and at the bottom with a thumb (Fig. 1); staging on the zero divisions of both ratchets (start of counting) is done by hand in the course of counting with the help of wings placed on the ends of the axles.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A compass note, provided with a counter of the number of measurements, characterized with the use in the counter, in order to transmit the counting wheels of the highest order, two ratchet wheels 77 and 77 (2, separated by a washer 24 with a hollow, driven by dogs 76 and 76, driven in motion the tang 75 from the eccentric 75 on the basting axis when measuring the latter, regardless of the direction of its rotation. 2. In the basting according to claim 1, use for swivel fastening of the basting legs with a counter, mounted on the axis 5 of the basting trapezoidal collar 5 and wedge 6, between which the wedge-shaped ends of the legs of the basting are laid and for tightening which a lamb was used at the end of the axis 3.