SU43509A1 - Study guide for the oral production of arithmetic operations - Google Patents

Description

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Multiplication tables are known, consisting of rollers (or ribbons) installed in a crate with cuts, with numbers and signs affixed to them, readable in said slots or windows when rollers are turned. In the proposed tutorial for:} the oral production of arithmetic operations, in order to select the result of the action on the given numbers by the students themselves, each of the three numbers is printed on a separate tape for it, moved independently of the other tapes.

In FIG. 1 depicts a textbook, front view; FIG. 2 and 2 - the same side view; FIG. 3 is the same longitudinal section; FIG. 4 tape with numbers; FIG. 5-arrangement of the rollers in the box; FIG. b-retractable plank; FIG. 7 and 7 back guide wall.

The proposed device consists of a plywood box (Fig. 1), on the front side of which three lumens (windows) A, B, C are made. Along these bolts, rotating the rollers, on the inner side, passes the sheets onto a ribbon with a natural number from 1- 20 (Fig. 3 and 4), and after the numbers 5, 10, 15, a gap is left on each tape in order to show an empty space in the window when it is needed (99)

go. Between windows A and B, a frame with grooves a is placed, along which one of the plywood plates (FIG. 6) is lowered with any one of the signs of the four arithmetic operations. Between the windows In n With depicts a permanent equality sign.

The right side of the box D has two pairs of handles (Fig. 3), which are the continuation of the rollers that feed the tape into windows A and YI B. The left side of E has one pair of handles, which is also an extension of the rollers that feed the tape into window C ; inside the box there are two transverse partitions b, b, of which b separates window a from s, and a partition b separates window b from c. Through the named partitions and and & and two side walls D and E are passed through rollers. The outer end of each of the six rollers, bent at a right angle, forms a handle that serves to rotate it.

FIG. 4 shows one of three identical bands fastened on rollers, for example, on the upper roller c (Fig. 3); the other end of the strip is fixed on the lower roll c. Roller c, rotated by the handle d, in the direction of the clockwise movement, feeds the tape along the window C, in which numbers appear one after the other, as well as white ones to the author's testimony of A. K. Deferredly announced December 22, 1934 ( About the first. LH 159431). On the issuance of copyright certificate published June 30, 1935.

interstices after the numbers 5, 10, and 15. During the rotation of the roller s in the direction of the descending of the clockwise, the tape is wound on the roller with, unwinding from the roller with.

By rotating the knob d in the direction opposite to the clockwise movement, the tape is wound on a roller with unwinding from roller with, and in window C there appears a natural number of numbers in reverse order, starting from 20 to 1.

The other two pairs of rollers, ending in handles extending on the right side of the device, work in the same way.

The rollers e, e (fig. 5) are twice as long as the rollers c, Cj or o, o., Since they serve the middle window B.

FIG. 3, on the inside of the front wall, three plywood boards covering the windows are shown. These planks are fixed on the inner side at a distance of 3-4 millimeters from the wall so that the tape fed by the rollers moves freely between the inner side of the front wall and the planks. Plates support moving ribbons and adjust their direction. The device is closed by a rear sliding wall P, which slots downward from top to bottom (Fig. 7).

The proposed device can be used in mathematics lessons from the very beginning of learning, starting with familiarizing children with the number, for which the teacher puts the device on a table in front of the class; in the two outermost windows, the ribbon stands on white, and on average, the teacher finds a large, clearly written number with which the children are familiar. Having passed several numbers, the teacher suggests the student to find this or that number. The pupil, a roller with a pen, gives a number of digits through the window and stops at the toy he needs to find.

Further, it is very convenient to use the device during the passage of four arithmetic operations.

Starting with the addition, the teacher gives the following task approximately: 3 - | - 2 In order to solve the example with the aid of the manual, the teacher unscrews the number 3 in the first window, the number 2 in the second window, and leaves white in the third. A sign descends between the first and second window. Having written the assignment in this way, the teacher invites the student to read it and pick up the answer, vrash, and the roller with.

By changing the tapes, on which there will be numbers with round tens, it is possible to perform all four actions on round tens. - And finally, the task of examples at home with the help of the device is faster than when the teacher writes the numbers on the blackboard.

The subject matter of the invention.

A textbook for oral production, arithmetic operations, consisting of a box with windows in the lid for reading numbers printed on endless ribbons rotated by rollers, characterized in that, for the purpose of selecting the result of an action over given training numbers, each of the three numbers visible in windows A, B, C, are applied on a separate tape for it, moved independently of other tapes.

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