SU417127A1 - - Google Patents

Description

INSTALLATION FOR HYDROPONIC CULTIVATION OF PLANTS

one

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in growing plants without soil.

Hydroponic installations with float distributors of the well-type solution are known. Such distributors are designed to feed pallets with a coarse-grained substrate, when the levels in the well and pallets in the process of feeding and draining the solution are the same.

When feeding fine-grained substrate, such as sand, the levels of the solution in the well and pallets do not match. Therefore, the known distributors do not provide a uniform supply of the solution to the fine-grained substrate without its expansion and do not divert the solution from the substrate in the required amount to maintain the required moisture in it.

In order to control the moisture and prevent the expansion of the fine-grained substrate when the solution is fed into the sump, the nutrient solution reservoir is hermetic, connected, for example, to a vacuum pump and inside divided by a partition into two common sections. The suction piping of the pump is connected to one of the sections, and the injection pipe is connected to the other, while the height of the partition provides the level of solution in the section connected to the supply pipelines below the surface of the substrate by an amount not exceeding the height of the capillary raising solution in the substrate. For centralized control of moisture in the pallets, an air valve is installed on the supply piping, for example, of a vent type with an adjustable inlet.

The drawing schematically shows the proposed installation.

A hermetic tank 1 with nutrient solution 2, consisting of two sections 3 and 4, separated by a spillway 5, is connected via a supply line 6 and drain the solution to trays 7 for growing plants 8 on a fine-grained substrate 9. The substrate is laid on the supporting layer 10, acting as an inverse filter. On the supporting layers are installed air tubes 11, which

terminated with valves or non-return valves 12. On the supply line 6, an air valve 13 of a plunger type with an adjustable inlet size is installed, through which the valve cavity is in communication with the atmosphere. Sections 3 and 4 are interconnected by a pipe 14 with a pump 15. A vacuum pump 16 (fan, blower) is connected to tank 1 above the surface of the solution. Valve 17 serves to disconnect the tank from the supply pipe

for repairs, and valves 18 for regulating the humidity in individual iododons irrespective of the humidity regulation in the other pallets.

When iodine the substrate 9, the pump 14 takes the solution 2 from section 3 of the tank 1 and, via conduit 14, supplies it to section 4 where the surface of the solution is set below the surface of the substrate in the pallets 7 by an amount not exceeding the average height of the capillary raising of the substrate. Part of the solution but the supply pipeline enters the substrate, and the excess solution flows back to section 3 through the weir 5. When the pipeline 6 is filled, the air valve 13 is closed, the air from under the substrate and from the supporting layer 10 is forced into the atmosphere through the air tubes 11, and the solution is in contact with the bottom surface of the substrate layer. In the initial period of feeding, the solution iodine into the substrate under the action of hydrostatic pressure equal to the difference in the levels of the solution in section 4 and the bottom surface of the substrate. Since the value of this head is always less than the height of the substrate layer, the latter does not expand. When the levels of the solution in the substrate and in section 4 coincide, further impregnation of the substrate until it is completely soaked occurs under the action of capillary forces. After the substrate has finished feeding, the pump 15 is turned off. The solution from section 4 flows through pipeline 14 and pump 15 or through a special bypass pipeline (not shown in the drawing) to section 3, with the result that the surface of the solution in both sections is stabilized at the same level. The solution flows from the supporting layer, and air flows into its place through the air tubes 11 nod substrate. After that, the vacuum passos 16 is turned on, which lowers the air pressure above the surface of the solution in the tank. Pipeline 6 lowers the pressure to the lower surface of the substrate in the pallets 7, resulting in the excess solution draining from under the substrate and flowing through pipeline 6 to the reservoir. The required degree of dilution of the nodes by the substrate throughout the entire installation is controlled by changing the size of the valve inlet 13. Individual humidity control

the substrate in separate pallets is carried out with the help of valves 12 on the air tubes 11 and valves 18 on the pipelines to drain the solution.

The proposed installation due to the large capacity of the fine-grained substrate include the work once within 3-10 days (depending on climatic conditions, the physiological needs of plants, etc.) instead of 3-5 times a day, as

necessary when operating known installations.

Subject invention

Claims (2)

1. Installation for hydroponic plant cultivation, including pallet racks with a fine-grained substrate and support layer, nutrient solution tank, pump, nutrient solution supply pipelines to the racks and draining it into the tank, which, in order to control humidity and prevent expansion of fine-grained substrate when the solution is supplied to the pallet, the reservoir with the feed solution is made airtight, connected, for example, to a vacuum pump, inside it is divided by a partition into two communicating Sections to one of They are connected to the suction pipe of the pump, to the other - the discharge, while the height of the partition provides the level of the solution in the section connected to the supply pipelines below the surface of the substrate by an amount not exceeding the height of the capillary lift of the solution in the substrate. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to centrally regulate moisture in the pallets, an air valve is installed in the supply pipe, for example, of a vent type with an adjustable inlet.