SU3997A1 - Flaking machine and the like fibrous materials - Google Patents

Description

The proposed machine aims to produce the final textile product in a state suitable for its immediate use, in the form of ribbons, from which woody substances are separated, if possible, with a smaller amount of waste.

The proposed machine includes, in addition to the scutching mechanism, a device for a preliminary; : 1; stalks in two parts; He turned them into four strips of fibers lying next to each other, of which two, consisting of wood material, are located between two textile tapes. In addition, the machine has a feed unit for mechanically placing flax stems in uniform layers. A kneading device consists of hammers, having variable continuous or intermittent movement, and which produce specially flattening and re-kneading the stems along their entire length. The weaving mechanism consists of a special device which has a pitch that is changed appropriately according to the thickness of the processed material and which occupies such a floor. The fact that the stems, under the ruffled one end, come out from under them by the opposite end, thereby achieving, therefore, the fullness of processing. The scuttling mechanism consists of two identical systems, of which the first acts on the apical ends of the stems, while the second processes the stem folded in half, so that by placing the apical and butt parts of the stems in the row, it is intended to obtain a uniform thickness of the treated layer and to ensure the regularity of processing along the entire length of the fiber. Both of the systems described above are connected together by the use of a cable conveyor, which gives the BEYOND POSSIBILITY to fold the fibers under conditions that are desirable for the secondary processing of double folded stems. The material mechanism consists of a transporter, the moving compartments of which receive stalks of approximately the same volume, and from a stretch device formed by four rows of rolls arranged in pairs one above the other with an interval, the height of which gradually decreases, which rolls tell the stalks the movement of the gania with the help of pushes in an oblique direction, the consequence of which is the sliding of the stems over each other and simultaneously feeding them to the end of the apparatus, from which a uniform layer emerges, the thickness of which th can be adjustable and is equal to the interval between the last two cylinders.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the front view of the feeding device (wheels for transmitting the movement that controls the rotation of the rolls, remove :); in fig. 2 - end view; in fig. 3 - plan; in fig. 4 and b are two side views of each of the machine halves connected along the plane A- /; in fig. 5 and 7 are two corresponding plans that are also connected along the X-V plane; in fig. 8-9 are two cuts along mutually perpendicular planes of the desktop; in fig. 10, 11, 12 - a side view, a profile and a plan of a young man and a driving cam; in fig. 13- section of the conveyor used in the first part of the machine; in fig. 14 - part of the conveyor belt, with clamps and in FIG. 15-plan separate capture; in fig. 16 and 17 are a side view and a plan of the device directing the stems from the kneading device to the trephine; in fig. 18-slit belt with a guide that forms this device; in fig. 19-side view of half a mil; in fig. 20 and 21 is a plan and a transverse section of the complete mla consisting, for example, of five plates; in fig. 22- cut it in the working position

in fig. 23 and 24 are a side view and a plan for turning the stems between two parts of the mashine; in fig. 25-kind of flax stem seized by this device; on. FIG. 26 - rotated stem, clamped in the conveyor of the second part of the machine, shown in section.

The frame M (fig. 1-3) of the feeding apparatus is constructed of shaped iron, for example, of a U-shaped section, and consists of longitudinal beams 45, 45 supporting by means of bearings 46, 4 (, 47, / 7, 48, -JS , axes 49, 50, and three small-diameter drums -12, 53, 54 (of which -J- are lower than others), through which the belt 55 is divided, divided into a certain number of identical parts, using transverse strips C), For example, from sheet metal, a variable height determined by the initial layer of material to be processed. Between the uprights 44 and 44 of the frame there is an exhaust device consisting, for example, of ten rows of legs. The axes of these cylinders rotate from ij bearings, mounted in horizontal 6ajiKax

45, while the axes of the upper cylinders rotate in bearings 5b located in longitudinal bars 59, mounted inclined to the output end, moreover, so that their position can be adjustable to change the gap between the upper and lower rollers. The lower axes are designated 60, 6J, 62, 63, 64, 5,

46.67, 63, GO, and the upper ones - BUL, o., 62 G3 64 (5 66 67 B6s 69. Two rolls are fixed on each axis, one of them tightly and the other in idle; for example, on axis 60 roll 70 is reinforced tightly, roll 71 is idle; on axis 67, roll 7 is blank; roll 73 is deaf; on axis 63 - roll 74 is deaf, roll 75 is single, on axis 63 is roll 76 idle, roll 77 is deaf and t ., alternating from the beginning to the extreme lower axis 69, on which the front roller is 88 single, and the rear one is SV-deaf. The upper rollers 701, 75 .., SbS S.9i are similarly located on their xi fiO axes, Gl ... G8 6.9H On axis 0, in line with the front rollers, fastened .90 pulley of the same diameter, connected using an endless belt f) I c. the first lower front roller 70. On the same vertical from the BOM JO, on the 9: 2 axis, supported by the .W bearings, fixed to the uprights 4-i, the pulley 9i, of a larger diameter, is fixed. also connected by a belt L with the first upper front roller 70. The free roller 7 / is connected by a belt with a deaf roller 75; in the same way, the free roll 75 is connected to a blind 74; free roll 7th-deaf 77; free roll 7/7 - with a deaf free 79 - with a deaf 81; free 60 - with deaf 82; free H5 with a deaf 87; free 84- with deaf free 87 - with deaf 80; the same applies to the upper rolls. All belts connecting the rolls with each other, as well as belts 91 and 95, are provided with special grippers. On axles x 4), 50 and 09, there were small pulleys 9G supporting a smooth endless belt 07, On axis 02, on one vertical with one of the pulleys%, a pulley 98 is fixed with the same diameter as the pulley 94 sitting on same axis. The lower lower front roller 88 is connected using a gripper belt 99 with a pulley 100 of the same diameter located in the machine in such a way that the bottom surface of the belt 09 lies at the level of the belts V, feeding the stems to the beater tool. The overall drive of the machine comes from the pulley 07, which sits on the axis 65. This latter transmits its movements to the upper axis (9, with the help of the notched gear 302 coupled to the gear 103 of the same diameter. On the axis 69, the sprocket 104 is fixed, leading to - rotation of the wheel J05 of a larger diameter, sitting on the adjacent axle 08. In front of the wheel 105, on the axis (i8, sits the second sprocket wheel, identical with the wheel 104 and causing the wheel of larger diameter, which rotates on the wheel, and is stuck on adjacent axis B7, etc., so that the rotational speed from the axis (9 and The fiO axis is gradually reduced. The movement between the axles of the upper rolls is performed in the same way, using two kinds of wheels 104, 10L located in the space between the frame legs. Thanks to such a device, a belt 91 connecting the deafing roller 70 to the pulley 90 and transmitting the rotation with the axis speed (0, has a lower speed than the belt connecting the free roller 7 / with the deaf roller 73, rotating with the axis speed 61, etc. from the left side of the machine to the right side. Movement of the belt 55 with partitions is carried out with the help of sprockets 10 (and 107, fixed on the GO axis, rotating with the minimum speed of the rolls, and on the axis 57 of the pulley 54. Next, the scraper machine includes a device for feeding the stalks to the kneading mechanism This device consists of 2 flat parallel belts 1, which follow cords, followed by cords 5, thrown over grooved pulleys 4 and passing through table 5, along slots (arranged in its thickness, and the cords have several projections over the top surface of the table, (Fig. 8 and 9). Above the table there are beaters or small 7 that gently overlap it. Their bottom wall may be flat or may be provided with grooves 8 having a rectangular and semicircular cross-section. Mil can be provided with a protrusion. Which is picked up by successive protrusions of the cam 10, forcing me to rise and fall. The part 11 located in the front part of the table in an oblique direction to it (Fig. 5) serves to return to the surface where the processing of stems, which could go outside, is carried out. Upon leaving the kneading device, the conveyor continues with the belt 7 and its guide. This belt, as well as the belt of the feeding device described above, is equipped with a double set of special brackets 1-i .U-shaped, the blades of which are cut to form points l.v, arranged in a checkerboard pattern (Fig. 14 and 15). The guide - 13 (Fig. 16, 17 and 18) has the shape of a belt covering it, in parallel to which it follows, with a distance of several millimeters separating the tips 15 from the inner surface of this guide. The belt 12 has a semi-cross arrangement; it passes over the vertical pulley 16 and the second horizontal pulley 17. Above the pulley T7 and on the same axis sits a similar pulley IS, the belt 19 of which is also provided with staples. The belt 19 gets its movement from the horizontal pulley 2 (1, similar to the pulley 18 and located at the other end of the first half of the machine. Against the belt 5 there is a second belt 2 / driven in the same way and also equipped with brackets, with the brackets of both clutches These two belts make up the conveyor device, which operates during the first phase of work, and are located along the axis of the first belt. Belts /., L / poddor KY15L1OG0 1 I. POLYCLMI

;. OSP .V, rollers abutted U plastic pads /, for example, from rubber, located in U-shaped longitudinal beams. Underneath the conveyor belt, which is formed by reinforced belts .1Q and 21, are placed the dislocator.

Each burst consists of two parts: one 2G carrying three and another 27 carrying two plates (Figs. 20 and 21), with these two plate systems in the working position of the yawing disc being inserted between the plates of the opposite system (Fig. 19 ). Both elements of each rattle are driven by 2S rods located at the top and at the bottom of the rattles, which occupy an inclined position relative to the direction of the conveyor. The machine has several consecutive ruffled; in the drawing, two groups of two are shown each other; at the same time, every next tra. Palo has a step smaller than the previous one. In each break line, the distance between the plates decreases from top to bottom. In the first group, the plates are provided with, moreover, front protrusions, which are formed by horizontal bends of the plates in the upper part. The number of groups waving is arbitrary and depends on how many are needed to achieve the best processing.

Breaking claws can be supplied with an arbitrary number of plates, the pitch of which or the distance between them can be variable, depending on the need. The essential feature of the weaving machine of the proposed machine is their inclined arrangement and their changes, the first step, which makes it possible to process a layer of fibers throughout its height and is proportional to its thickness. It is useful to equip each of the weavers with a device consisting of elastic pads to control the penetration of one element into another, depending on the type of material being processed. For each of the weavers, it is thus possible to obtain more or less deep penetration into the material and at the same time a more significant upward movement than downward, or vice versa.

At the exit from the ruffled, between the two parts of the machine, is located about