SU37640A1 - Electric compensator for directional transmission or reception of wave energy - Google Patents

Description

Any particular group of oscillators located in the same plane possesses a certain characteristic, depending on the shape of the geometric configuration, on the ratio of the oscillator distances to the wavelength and on the characteristics of each oscillator. In the literature, it is customary to call this characteristic “the natural characteristic of a group, as opposed to an artificial one, obtained when individual oscillators are given a certain deceleration in time. Such retardations are obtained in practice the easiest way by using self-induction circuits. If it is desirable to use such a group for direction finding, then, if using a natural characteristic, it is necessary to rotate the group, which in most cases, for example, when working under water, is impossible. In such cases, fixed bases are used with so-called compensators containing the above mentioned circuits with self-induction. The characteristics that are used for direction finding usually have a clearly pronounced main maximum, and when bearing on the maximum (332)

The compensators should slow down the oscillator pulses so that the main one: the maximum is turned with the direction finding angle. For clarification, FIG. 1. P denotes an arbitrarily selected point around which the characteristic should rotate. Let among the oscillators 7, 2, 3 the most distant from P be /. Let a sound wave encounter in K a circle described around P and passing through /. T denotes the tangent to this circle at K. The perpendicular length Vi, Vz, VB, omitted from oscillators on this tangent, is a measure of the slowdowns that must be given to oscillators in order for the phone to simultaneously hear pulses arriving at different oscillators at different times. According to FIG. 1 it is not difficult to understand how it is necessary to change the decelerations when the tilt of the incoming waves changes, in order to preserve this effect.

Various devices already exist that allow such a change in deceleration, but either several circuits are used in them, or they are suitable only for special types.

Lreemnikov. The proposed compensation device is different in that it is suitable for any receiving device and that it works with only one single circuit.

FIG. 2 gives a schematic representation of such a device. Separate stages of chain 4 are connected to contact tires 5 separated from each other by narrow insulating strips 6. The number of tires is equal to the number of chain steps. One end of the circuit leads to telephone 7, if necessary, through an amplifier. At the other end, the circuit is closed by a resistance (9 equal to the characteristic impedance of the circuit. The contact surfaces slide through the contacts 10, 20, 30 leading to individual receivers, which contacts lie on the stand 9 and are each connected to one of the poles of the receivers /, 2, 3. The second poles of the receivers are connected to the common wire leading to the circuit 4, brushes that slide along the contact rings serve to connect the contacts with the receivers. The geometric configuration of the sliding contacts 10, 20, 5 is similar to that of receivers. If the receivers are not all 8 flat The bearings are located in space, then the contacts must be located according to the projection of the receivers on the plane of the direction finding. furthest from the point of rotation

The main difference between the proposed compensator and its significant advantages over the already existing compensators is that the same compensator can be used for different receivers, for which it is enough to change the position of the sliding contacts on the stand.

The energy transmitted from each individual compensator to the circuit partly loses on its way to the telephone through other receivers lying between the telephone and this receiver, and these losses are due both to reflection and absorption. A closer look at the issue turns out that sound strength is proportional to the number of receivers. If several circuits are used, each with a special bridge, then the compensator becomes cumbersome and expensive.

It is very advantageous, therefore, to have such an installation in which receivers with one contact bridge are distributed over several circuits. Such a device is obtained by taking a simple compensator with strips and cutting it perpendicularly to the length of the strips. In this way, several such compensators are formed, from which each receives its own particular circuit. The voltage under which the telephone stands is increased because the chains are connected in series. When the compensator is divided into two, the electromotive force at the phone or at the amplifier rises by a factor of 2, and the power of the sound by a factor of 2. When divided into three parts, the electromotive force increases by a factor of 3, and the power of a sound increases by a factor of 3, etc.

FIG. Figure 3 shows the simplest case of dividing a flat compensator into two parts with two chains 21 and 25.

The section line L can be of any kind; it is best to keep it in such a way that, with the desired distribution of brushes on each of the halves 1 and II, the average number of brushes is on average. Half / compensator is connected to circuit 2 /, and half // to circuit 25. The circuits are closed at one end by ohmic resistances 73 and 74, equal to the characteristic impedance of the circuits; The transformers 7 / and 72 lie at the other ends of the circuits. The secondary windings of these transformers are connected in series and so connected that the poles of the receiver do not change when switching from one half to the other.

23 and 95 indicate the telephone or alternator (the latter, in case the device is intended to be transmitted). 11 to 20 indicate compensator bands, and 41 to 49 and 81 to 89 compensate resistances for adjusting the resistance of the circuits, depending on the position of the brushes.

The higher the number of oscillators, the greater the division is needed, i.e.

the greater the number of chains. The invention can be applied not only to the described compensators with straight parallel strips, but also to all similar installations with any arrangement and shape of the strips. The bands should also not necessarily lie in the same plane; Depending on the location of the receivers on the surfaces of higher orders, for example, with spatial direction finding, the bands on the surfaces of higher orders can also be located.

For example, FIG. 4 shows a ball compensator with a ball of strips. Such compensators are used, for example, for transmitters or receivers spatially located on a spherical surface. In the compensator of this kind, the bands are also located on the ball surface. Similarly, sliding contacts, for example, 100, 101, are so located that they can slide along a ball with a stripe. In the case of the device shown in FIG. 4, the contacts are located inside the hollow ball (shown only half in the drawing) and connected to acoustic devices (receivers or transmitters) using sliding rings, for example, 130, 131.

It goes without saying that the use of the proposed devices is not limited to the case of receiving waves or pulses of sound or other; they can be successfully used to transmit other waves, and, understandably, the measuring or recording device, for example, the telephone shown in the drawing, has to be replaced by a source of waves or pulses, for example, an alternator 95. Electromagnetic waves are also among such waves and pulses, as well as all types of wave energy in general.

The subject of the patent.

Claims (8)

1. Electric compensator for directional transmission or reception of wave energy using an artificial characteristic of a group of transmitters or receivers in which segments of one or several electrical targets are connected to the corresponding number insulated contact plates on which appropriately spaced contacts slide, characterized in that these contact plates completely cover the entire surface of the compensator. 2. In the electric compensator of claim 1, use sliding contacts 10, 20, 30 (Fig. 2), in their number and geometrical arrangement corresponding to the number and position of the projection of transmitters or receivers on the direction finding plane of the group. 3. The form of the electric compensator in PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the sliding contacts / f, 20, 30 are mounted on a stand 9 rotating around the center P of the surface formed by the contact plates 5. 4. Modification of the electric compensator according to claim 3, characterized in that the movable surface is arranged, formed by the contact plates 5, and the stand 9 with the contacts is arranged stationary. 5. In the electrical compensator in PP. 1-4 use of electric circuit 4 with a generator or pointer 7 connected at one end and equalization resistance 8 at the other. b. In the electric compensator according to claim 1, the use of contact plates, subdivided by B in its longitudinal direction, and their parts are connected to various electrical circuits (Fig. 3). 7. The form of execution of the electric compensator according to claim b, characterized in that the dividing lines of the various groups of subdivided plates are so arranged that, with a given arrangement, the contacts for each such group have the same number of moving contacts. 8. The form of the electric compensator in PP. 1, 6 and 7, characterized in that the electrical circuits 21 are connected via transformers 7 / and 72 to source 95 or energy indicator 23 so that the secondary windings of the transformers are connected in series between themselves and the source or indicator of energy, and oscillators, when moving from one part of the contact plate to another part of it, the poles do not change. to the patent of the company Electroacoustics. with ogre resp / d% 37640 patent in of the company Elektroakustik, with ogre. resp / № 37640 ./ () JO  ". ishfgo chtggech - - T T patent nn-Noah / .-..-one. ,, / 1 I I ) 1C; :: er .: Electroacoustics I7J. with ogre. rep. 37640