SU35932A1 - Electric welding method - Google Patents

Description

The methods for the welding of metals according to the invention are divided into six independent methods:

1) welding of metals with one powdered electrode, when the ends of the metal being welded are one electrode, and the powder is the second electrode;

2) welding of metals when each pair of ends to be welded is one of the electrodes dipped into the neutral conductive powder at a small distance from each other;

3) welding of metals, when one electrode is powder, and the second is solid coal;

4) welding, when the metal is melted between two hard coals;

5) welding, when one electrode is solid coal, and the second electrode is the ends of the metal being welded;

6) welding, when the metal melts between two powdered electrodes or an electrically conductive mass.

In the proposed methods of electric welding, powdered elactrodes are powders of all types of coal, graphite, charcoal, soot, soot, some types of ash and other electrons (389)

conductive refractory rocks, both individually and in any combination thereof.

The main characteristic details of the welding with the proposed methods are the use of any current, both alternating and permanent, without transformers, rheostats and other devices.

Powder electrodes, themselves rheostats, give all the resulting heat to the welding of metals to be dipped into them.

When welding on solid carbon electrodes, it is preferable to use a voltage of 20 to 120 volts from the mains and from batteries, etc.

Powder electrodes can use current from 60 to 600 volts, and for low voltage powders should have coarse grains and even small pieces of coal, and at voltages above 220 volts, fine powders can be diluted with talcum, chamotte clay, etc.

In order to avoid the generation of gases during welding, the powders are preliminarily calcined until white.

The same powders can produce hundreds of welds without replacing them.

as the powders burn out very slowly.

In each of the proposed welding methods, the ends of the metals are melted and joined together, but it is possible to bring the welded objects to a doughy state, forging them or pressing them with pressure, using all the methods of the existing welding machines.

; When welding metals by the proposed methods, electrical energy is used at 100%, and in all cases the current is consumed only at the time of the welding process.

If necessary, during welding only one wire with current can be used, the second wire can be the earth with a metal rod inserted into it.

This rod will serve as the second wire. The effect will be greater if the ground is wet.

In some cases (as in schemes 2, b, 7, 8), powders can be compressed into a solid mass with the addition of non-conductive powders — cement, talc, shamotny clay, etc. to them.

 When welding, the ends to be welded, without any stripping, are pressed tightly against each other or wrapped with thin wire.

In FIG. 1-14 are schematic diagrams of individual electric welding varieties.

FIG. 1 shows a refractory hollow vessel / with a bottom on the legs, enclosing a metal or graphite insert 2, which lies at the bottom inside the vessel 7, with a current supplied to it through the wire 7 and the rod 8.

The ends of the welded metal objects 3 with current supplied to them through the clip 5 from the wire 6 are placed into the inside of the vessel / filled with powder 4. When the ends of the welded metal objects are lowered (tightly pressed to each other) into powder 4, they instantly heat up and melt are joined together, which results in welding.

According to the scheme shown in FIG. 2, gas pipes, rails, beams, etc., are welded.

Around tightly pressed ends of the welded objects 3, a folding sleeve with an outer metal sheath / and fire-resistant sides 3 having openings corresponding to the diameter of the welded ends is put on

3metal.

The space between the inner walls of the shell / and the ends to be welded 3 is filled with powder 4 or mass.

If gas tubes are welded, then a refractory rod 9 is inserted inside them to protect the inner walls from deformation. One wire with a current 7 is led through the bolt 8 to the metal sheath of the coupling /. The second wire 6 with the current through the clamp 5 is supplied to the ends of the item to be welded 3. The ends of the item to be welded 3 are heated by the powders 4 and, melted, connected into one, after which the current is turned off.

According to FIG. 3, a refractory vessel / has at the bottom a metal or graphite plate 2 connected via a rod 8 to a current supply wire 7.

The ends 5 of the metal to be welded, connected to another current lead 6, lie loosely on the powder electrode 4 filling the inside of the vessel / (the ends to be welded can be wrapped with wire).

In the place of contact with the powder

The 4 ends of the metal 3 are cracked and fused together into one.

In the diagram of FIG. 4 shows the welding of metal sheets, plates, etc.

Masonry of refractory bricks or talc brick / has a channel in the middle with a metal plate 2 at the bottom of the channel. The channel is filled with powder 4. Plate 2 is connected to the current lead 7.

The welded sheets 3, tightly pressed by the edges to each other, lie loosely on the sheet 7, touching powder 4.

The welded sheets are supplied with current through the plane 5 from the wire 7. At the point of contact of the sheets 3 with the powder, the 4 edges of the sheets are cracked and melted, joined into one.

FIG. 5 shows the welding of cylinders and drums. On refractory masonry 7,

having a channel in the middle with a metal plate 2 at the bottom, the item 5 to be welded.

Laying channel 7 is filled with powder 4. One wire with current b is supplied to the item to be welded 3 a second wire with current 7 to plate 2.

The 4 edges of the cylinder 3, which are immersed in the channel with the powder, are cracked and melted together, merged into one.

In the diagram of FIG. b depicts the welding of planes to planes m.

The welded planes 4 and 5 lie “in the refractory masonry 7, which has a channel in the middle with a metal sheet 2 at the bottom. The channel is filled with powder 3.

A refractory cylinder 6, filled with powder or mass 10, with a metallic cover 7, to which a wire with a current of 8 is connected, is installed on top of the welded plane 5 lying on the plane 4.

The second wire with current 9 is supplied to the sheet 2. The powders 5 and 70 on both sides split the planes 4 5, which, having melted, are combined into one whole.

FIG. 7 shows the welding of the rods to the planes. On the horizontal rod 7, the welded rod 4 is mounted tightly in the vertical position.

A metal sleeve 2 with a non-conductive refractory bottom 3 is put on the rod 4.

The space between the rod 4 and the walls of the coupling 2 is filled with powder or a mass of 5. One wire with a current of 7 is supplied to the rod 4, the second wire with a current of 6 is supplied to the walls of the coupling 2.

The end of the rod 4 and the point of contact of the rod 7 and 4 from the action of the powders 5 are melted and joined into one.

FIG. 8 shows the welding of shells, surfacing of bulges, etc.

One or more small pieces of metal are laid into the shell of the metal object.

The metal 4 is surrounded by a refractory coupling 2, filled inside with powder 3, covered with a graphite cap 8, to which the current from the wire 6 is supplied. The second wire with a current 7 is supplied to the brewed object 7.

Powder 5, raskal, melts

metal 4, and the sink is evenly filled with it.

According to the scheme in FIG. 10 in the metal cylinder 7, to which a yen wire is connected with a current of 4, powder 2 is poured.

The metal rod or rod 3 is bent into a ring and a second wire with a current of .5 is connected to it. The ends of the ring 3 are dipped into powder 2, melted and fused together. In this way, rings, bushings, chains, etc. can be welded.

In the diagram of FIG. 11 shows the welding of metals with one powdered electrode and a second solid, coal electrode.

The ends of the metal to be welded 4 lie on a refractory vessel 7 having a metal plate 2 at the bottom with a current supplied to it from the wire 7.

The inside of the vessel is filled with powder 3. To the place of the interface of the ends to be welded, lightly touch hard charcoal 5 with current 6 supplied to it.

Metal 4 between powder 3 and coal 5 is instantly melted and fused into one.

FIG. 12 shows the welding of wires, wires, strings, etc., with two carbon (solid) electrodes.

The weldable ends of the metal 5 lie on a refractory vessel 7, having at the bottom a metal plate 2 and an inner powder 3.

Above the powder 3 lies solid coal or graphite 4 with the ends of the metal being welded 5 lying on it.

The place to be welded is lightly touched with hard charcoal 6 with a current supplied to it with a current of 7.

The second wire with current is supplied to the plate 2.

Between coals 4 and 6, the ends of the metal are instantly melted into one piece.

In this scheme, powder 3 serves as a rheostat for a current above 60 volts.

FIG. 13 shows the welding of thin wires. In the refractory vessel 7 with a metal plate 2, electrically conductive powder 5 is poured at the bottom, above which solid coal 4 lies.

One wire with current 6 is connected through the rod 9 to the plate 2, the second wire with current 7 by means of clamping

8 is connected to the wire 5 to be welded and lightly touches the coal 4.

The ends of the wires are instantly melted and joined together.

FIG. 9 shows the welding of lighting cords, wires, wires, strings, etc.

Powder 3 is poured into a metal cup. Powder 3 ends are lowered to the ends of the welded objects 2, to which the current from the wire 5 is supplied. A second wire with a current of 4 is supplied to the cup /.

The ends of the objects to be welded 2 are instantly melted in powder 3 and are combined into one.

When welding ends can be twisted, tightly pressed to each other or wrapped with thin wire.

FIG. 14 a refractory vessel 7 with a partition in the middle of the upper part 3 is filled with powder 2.

Each pair of welded items 4 and 5 is one of the electrodes with current supplied from wires 7 and P through clips 5 and.

With simultaneous lowering of the objects to be welded and 5 into powder 2, the latter melts and melts the ends of the two pairs to be welded simultaneously.

The subject matter of the invention.

1. Modification described in the ed. swith NB 11979 of a method for welding objects of large cross section, characterized in that the welded parts attached to one pole of the current source are joined to each other in the butt and applied to the surface or immersed inside a powder resistance connected to the other pole of the current source (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

2. Alteration of the method described in paragraph 1, characterized in that only one of the parts to be welded is surrounded by an electrode with powder resistance, or such an electrode is placed above the welding point (Fig. 7 and 8).

3. Acceptance of the method described in paragraph 1, characterized in that a solid carbon electrode is used to supply current to the parts to be welded, which, in addition, is pressed at the welding point (Figs. 11 and 12).

4. Acceptance of the method described in paragraph 1, characterized in that an electrode with a powder resistance is used to supply current to the parts to be welded (Fig. B).

5. Acceptance of performance described in p. 1 and 3, characterized in that a piece of solid coal is placed between the item to be welded and the powder resistance (Fig. 12 and 13).

6. Variation of the method described in section T for simultaneous welding of two objects, characterized in that the welded objects connected to different poles of the current source are in contact with the powder resistance (Fig. 15).

7. In the method described in paragraphs 1-5, in case of need, to increase the resistance of the powdered conductive carbon material of additives of refractory, non-conductive materials, such as chamotte, talc, etc.