SU353494A1 - Cathode for electric arc processes in active media - Google Patents
Cathode for electric arc processes in active media Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SU353494A1 SU353494A1 SU691297701A SU1297701A SU353494A1 SU 353494 A1 SU353494 A1 SU 353494A1 SU 691297701 A SU691297701 A SU 691297701A SU 1297701 A SU1297701 A SU 1297701A SU 353494 A1 SU353494 A1 SU 353494A1
- Authority
- SU
- USSR - Soviet Union
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- hafnium
- rest
- components
- active
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/222—Non-consumable electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Изобретение относится к области изготовления неплавящихся катодов для эпектродуговых процессов в активных средах (активными являются газообразные среды, компоненты которых могут вступать в химическое взаимодействие с ма- 5 териалами катода) и может быть применено для плазменной обработки материалов, в частности, для резки металлов и неметаллов, сварки, плавки и поверхностного оплавления. 10 The invention relates to the manufacture of non-consumable cathodes for epektrodugovyh processes in active media (are active gaseous medium, the components of which can chemically react with the cathode materials under Ma- 5) and can be used for plasma treatment of materials, in particular for cutting metals and nonmetals welding, melting and surface reflow. 10
Применение изобретения возможно для нагрева активных к обрабатываемым изделиям газов и их смесей, а также для поверхностной химико-термической обработки материала,, например азотирования, цементации и подобных процессов. Кроме того, изобретение может быть использовано в эпектродуговых источниках света. „The application of the invention is possible for heating gases and mixtures active for the products to be processed, as well as for surface chemical-thermal treatment of the material, for example, nitriding, cementation and similar processes. In addition, the invention can be used in electric arc light sources. „
Известно устройство для плазменной обработки в активных газах, преимущественно для плазменной резки металлов, в котором катод выполнен не гафния. Это позволило, увеличить срок службы катода в подобных устройствах до 10 ч и выше. Но при увеличении плотности тока, например при увеличении диаметра' стабилизирующего сопла или при значительном уменьшении расхода плазмообразуюшего таза, скорость сгорания катода нелинейно увеличивается и становится недопустимо большой.A device for plasma processing in active gases, mainly for plasma cutting of metals, in which the cathode is made not hafnium. This allowed to increase the cathode life in such devices up to 10 hours and above. But with an increase in the current density, for example, with an increase in the diameter of the stabilizing nozzle or with a significant decrease in the flow rate of the plasma-forming pelvis, the cathode combustion rate increases nonlinearly and becomes unacceptably large.
С целью создания катода для электродуговых процессов в активных средах, который обладал бы меньшим износом по сравнению с известными катодами при увеличении плотности тока или расхода плазмообразующего газа предлагается добавлять в состав катода компоненты, содержащие лантан или редкоземельные металлы. При этом компоненты берут , в следующих весовых соотношениях, %: Лантан 0,2-3, Остальное гафний Редкоземельные металлы 0,5-10, Остальное гафнийIn order to create a cathode for electric arc processes in active media, which would have less wear compared to the known cathodes, it is proposed to add components containing lanthanum or rare-earth metals to the cathode as the current density or plasma gas consumption increases. The components are taken in the following weight ratios,%: Lanthanum 0.2-3, The rest is hafnium Rare earth metals 0.5-10, The rest is hafnium
3/3 /
Окись лантана Окиспы редкоземельных ме;тайловLanthanum oxide Rare earth oxides; tiles
0,1—3»Остапьное гафний0,1-3 "Ostapnoe hafnium
О, 1—3, Остальное гафний '$3494 обеспечивающих образование на рабочей поверхности катода пленки, содержащей, по крайней мере, один из компонентов сплава или смеси, Кроме того, пленка g должна содержать хотя бы один из комюнентов плазмообраауютцей среды.Oh, 1-3, the rest hafnium '$ 3494 providing the formation on the working surface of the cathode of a film containing at least one of the components of the alloy or mixture. In addition, film g must contain at least one of the components of the plasma-forming medium.
Использование гафния в качестве основы связано с тем, что данный металл обладает высокой температурой плавления, малой работой выхода термоэлектронной эмиссии и способностью при’работе в активной атмосфере образовывать на рабочей поверхности катода пленку, обладающую значительно более низкой прониso цаемостью для активных компонентов атмосферы. При использовании кислородсЬдержащих, азотсодержащих смесей или воздуха на рабочей поверхности катода образуется плотная пленка, состоящая йз окислов и нитридов гафния, катодные Свойства которых превышают свойства соединений циркония.The use of hafnium as a base is due to the fact that this metal has a high melting point, low work function of thermionic emission and the ability to form a film on the cathode’s working surface in the active atmosphere, which has a significantly lower permeability to the active components of the atmosphere. When using oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing mixtures or air on the working surface of the cathode, a dense film is formed consisting of hafnium oxides and nitrides whose cathodic properties exceed the properties of zirconium compounds.
Данные легирующие добавки повышают:These alloying additives increase:
плотность тока термоэлектронной эмиссии 25 сплава илисмеси и способствуют рафинированию сплава, т. е. очищают от вредныхcurrent density of thermionic emission of 25 alloys or mixtures and contribute to the refinement of the alloy, i.e., they clear of harmful
Испытания катодов, изготовленных из сплавов на основе иодидного гафния марки ГФИ--1 с лантаном, а также гафния марки ГФИ-1 с РЗМ, где РЗМ состоит из 60% церия, 38% лантана, 2% остальных, от празеодима до лютеция, показали, что время работы нового като-да возросло по сравнению со временем работы известных в несколько раз при одновременном увеличении рабочих токов.Tests of cathodes made of alloys based on iodide hafnium grade GFI-1 with lanthanum, as well as hafnium grade GFI-1 with rare-earth metals, where rare-earth metals consist of 60% cerium, 38% lanthanum, 2% of the rest, from praseodymium to lutetium, showed that the operating time of the new cathode has increased in comparison with the operating time of the well-known several times while increasing operating currents.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SU691297701D SU353495A1 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-01-08 | Cathode for electric arc processes in active media |
SU691297701K SU353496A1 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-01-08 | Cathode for electric arc processes in active media |
SU691297701A SU353494A1 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-01-08 | Cathode for electric arc processes in active media |
GB1297970D GB1297970A (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-12-15 | |
DE19691963151 DE1963151C3 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-12-17 | Cathode for arc processes |
US00887742A US3758746A (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-12-23 | Hafnium electrode with inclusion used in an active medium |
FR6945272A FR2027900A1 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-12-29 | |
SE00130/70A SE346719B (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1970-01-07 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SU691297701A SU353494A1 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-01-08 | Cathode for electric arc processes in active media |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SU353494A1 true SU353494A1 (en) | 1980-05-05 |
Family
ID=20444354
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SU691297701K SU353496A1 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-01-08 | Cathode for electric arc processes in active media |
SU691297701A SU353494A1 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-01-08 | Cathode for electric arc processes in active media |
SU691297701D SU353495A1 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-01-08 | Cathode for electric arc processes in active media |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SU691297701K SU353496A1 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-01-08 | Cathode for electric arc processes in active media |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SU691297701D SU353495A1 (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1969-01-08 | Cathode for electric arc processes in active media |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3758746A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2027900A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1297970A (en) |
SE (1) | SE346719B (en) |
SU (3) | SU353496A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3930139A (en) * | 1974-05-28 | 1975-12-30 | David Grigorievich Bykhovsky | Nonconsumable electrode for oxygen arc working |
GB1520000A (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1978-08-02 | Vni P Konstr I Tech | Plasma arc torches |
SE426215B (en) * | 1978-05-11 | 1982-12-20 | Vni Pk I Tech Inst Elektrosvar | NON-MELTING ELECTRODES FOR PLASMA BAKING WELDING AND PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCING THEREOF |
FR2805192B1 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2002-06-28 | Air Liquide | METHOD AND PLANT FOR PLASMA ARC WORKING WITH GAS WITH CONTROLLED O2 AND N2 LEVELS |
WO2015048648A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-02 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Plasma torch electrode materials and related systems and methods |
-
1969
- 1969-01-08 SU SU691297701K patent/SU353496A1/en active
- 1969-01-08 SU SU691297701A patent/SU353494A1/en active
- 1969-01-08 SU SU691297701D patent/SU353495A1/en active
- 1969-12-15 GB GB1297970D patent/GB1297970A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-12-23 US US00887742A patent/US3758746A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-12-29 FR FR6945272A patent/FR2027900A1/fr active Pending
-
1970
- 1970-01-07 SE SE00130/70A patent/SE346719B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SU353496A1 (en) | 1980-05-05 |
DE1963151B2 (en) | 1977-03-17 |
US3758746A (en) | 1973-09-11 |
DE1963151A1 (en) | 1970-07-23 |
SU353495A1 (en) | 1980-05-05 |
SE346719B (en) | 1972-07-17 |
GB1297970A (en) | 1972-11-29 |
FR2027900A1 (en) | 1970-10-02 |
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