SU34703A1 - Device for psychotechnical research - Google Patents

Description

.

(107)

passing a current in the breaking winding 18. The relay 35,33, 37, 36 is controlled by keys 19-24, which are controlled in turn by the central unit /. For example, a current circuit: relay J6, source roKs.66, switch / I wire 79, winding f6, wire 7, source Toka 6b (Fig. 1). Keys / L 12, J3 are mechanically connected with keys 14, 15 and 46, so that when the first are closed, the second are open and vice versa. The whole key system //, / 2, 13 and 14, 15 and 46 is controlled by the keys 25, 26 by means of relays 67, 68.

If the tape travel is regulated by the central apparatus, the switches / 7, / 2, 13 are closed - / - /, / 5, 46 are open.

When adjusting the tape stroke by the subject himself, the keys //, 12, 13 are open- /, / 5 closed.

With automatic control of the tape stroke, its jumps (fast advances) at pre-selected points in time are performed by the device / by means of .. closing and opening the key 27, which "gives current from the current source 66 to the relay coil 58, which in turn closes the key 57 and causes the passage of current through the circuit: current source 62, ru, bilik b /, key 57, wire 73, winding 108 of device 38 (as well as all windings connected with it: 108 of device 38), wire 74, wire 76 and through the switch 61 back to the current source 62-Egot current in the winding 108 will cause the tape to move to some /.Zamykanie length and opening switch 28 opens the switch 57, and hence the current, and causes the device 38 to its original position. Fast movements of the tape (hopping) to another length / caused by the device / through the closing and opening of the key 29 with the help of the relay 64, the closing key 63, the wire 72, the winding 107 (107), the wire 76, the knife switch 61 the current source 62. This current in the winding 107 gives the tape a jump to length 1. Closing and opening of the key 30 gives a current passage in the winding 65, which opens the key 68 and brings the device 39 to its original position. The introduction of the necessary stimuli 83 (sound, light, combined, etc.) occurs at the points of time chosen by the experimenter through the closure produced by the apparatus 7,

key 57, which gives the current in the winding of the relay 81i closing the irritator circuit. The closing and opening of the key 32 gives a current to the winding 82 and outputs the stimulus 83 by opening its circuit.

The installation is switched to a variant of its operation, characterized by the fact that the subject himself regulates the course of the tape, is made by closing switch 26, which causes current in winding b and closing of keys 14, 15 and b and opening 77, 72 and 13, as well as closing of keys 27 and 23, which gives the current to the windings 55 and 57 and closes the keys 9 and 10. In this case, the following items are available for the test subject. 1) Handle 57, moving from idle lamella 55 to lamella 54, to which alternating current is supplied from generator 6, which causes movement of the tape with a certain speed, or to lamella 55, to which alternating current is supplied from generator 7 with a different frequency , which causes the movement of Langi with a different speed corresponding to this frequency; 2) button 42, shunt key 57 through wire 78, key 46 and wire 77. Pressing it gives the tape a jump over the length /; 3) kyopka 44, shunt key 65 through wire 7 (U, key 46 and wire 77. Pressing it causes the tape to jump to the length /.

The above description makes clear how to use the installation; Since the test is a lengthy process for the subjects to perform a system of work operations following each other in a strictly predetermined order, the experimenter, having at his disposal a test method in which everything is provided for, up to and including the last trifle, mobilizes the entire installation on his chosen test program. This mobilization is as follows. The experimenter chooses those moments of time at which the tape run E is to be made at a speed with a pre-selected speed, sets the methods for switching to another, third, etc. speed, fixing the tape hopping moments for lengths / and /, stimulus activation moments, moments and periods during which the adjustment of the tape movement must; There must be one stop screw 109 to the other 770, and the dog 777, mounted on the bark 108, moves the ratchet wheel 772, mounted on the shaft 56. When current stops, measles 108, under the influence of the spring 775, will return to their original position, and the shaft 56, will remain motionless; due to the slip of the dog 705 over the ratchet wheel 106 and the retention of the drum with the dog 90 (FIG. 1). The rotation of the axis 56 corresponds to the movement of the irregular belt by the driving drum for a certain length I.

c) The device 39 is a design completely similar to 38, but it moves the tape, when current is passed through its winding, irregularly to the desired length, which is achieved by rotating the bar 108 to a smaller or larger angle (Fig. 1).

Since all three devices are connected to the axis 56 by dogs and ratchet wheels, they do not depend on each other in their movement — when the axis is rotated by one mechanism, the dogs of the other two slide along the ratchet wheels. Instruments 4 are designed to expose the tape in front of the subjects in the following ways.

1) Intermittent motion, in which the tape, after the expiration of the time intended by the experimenter to expose one or another of its sections, quickly moves to a certain length, thereby removing the observed section from the field of view, and submitting, instead of it, a new piece of 3jKCno3Mtion tape. The latter is exposed to the time assigned to it, after the chego: automatically, quickly removed from the window and replaced by a new section, etc., and the number of longs that can be used in the work is equal to the number of devices of type 38 and 39. The time interval between individual jumps tapes can be any (equal and not equal to each other). The way to achieve this will be seen from the description of the automatic control of apparatus 1 for central automatic control (Fig. 1).

2) Uniform smooth-motion tape produced by the device 40 with the speed chosen by the experimenter,

corresponding to the frequency given by one of the alternating current or pulsed current generators, which in the described example are taken as three — they are designated by numbers 5, 6 and 7 in FIG. 1. The number of steps of the speed with which the tape can be started is equal to the number of frequencies given by the indicated generators.

3) An arbitrary motion, produced by the subject at his own discretion. In this case, the test subject has the following possibilities: two speeds of the tape passing, the ability to stop the tape at the moments chosen by him, to start it again, and, finally, to make rapid advances of the chosen length.

Device 7 (Fig. 1) is an apparatus for central automatic control. This device can close or open at a preselected time points the corresponding keys in the / 9-32 key system. Structurally, it can be made differently — one of the types of such an apparatus is a controller moving from a clock mechanism or motor controlled by a clock. Motor 2 (Fig. 1) is controlled by the periodical current pulses from the electric central clock, the contact moth or a tuning fork (the so-called wheel) so that the number of revolutions made by it in time, calculated from a certain initial moment, is always in some lislo times the number of revolutions of the clock mechanism of the central automatic control unit 7. The indicated motor 2 rotates alternators of current (or current pulses) 5, b and 7, which with the help of corresponding keys 8, 9 10 with closed keys 77, 72, 1 3 and the open 14, 15 and 46 can be connected to the device 40 and there give the selected tape speed of the secondary devices. Current path: generator, for example, 5, key 8, key 77, wire 68, device 40, wire 77 and back to the generator. The keys, Р and 10 are closed by the corresponding relays 76-18, the device is {b1x the following: 16-winding circuit, l7-pawl, keeping the closed state and opening it at

through it, the correct answer given on the kimograph tape (Fig. b), attracts measles 7/6, rotating on the axis // 7, which is carried along by a pencil or pen 118, making a mark on the tape 133 of the kymograph, unrolling from a coil 123 and winding onto the roller 120, which is driven by the worm gear 121 from the shaft 122, which runs uniformly, like a clock mechanism, i.e. the shaft of the motor 2 or another similar mechanism. 211 is a relay coil, when current is passed through a co-port, contacts 275 are closed and 27- are opened. The second winding 272 (self-closing) on the relay 277. The 275 relay is delayed by the time required for the pen 119 to return from its extreme position to zero; when current is passed through this relay, contacts 2162/7-current source are closed. 27 is an electromagnet winding causing the pen to engage with a part of the kymograph moving with it. When current is passed through the winding of the electromagnet 218, its core prizes the 72N measles, which causes the roller 72 to be pressed against two wheels 727 and 725 (727 attached to the shaft 722 and 726, which rotates freely on the shaft 722), which causes the wheel 726 to rotate. wheels 727. With a wheel 726 the gear wheel is fastened

, 725, also not connected to the shaft 722, on which the rack and pinion 124 is located, the rods 134, the feather 119, squeaking on the kimograph paper 133 and attracted by the spring 757 (Fig. 6). When current is passed through the winding 218, the feather 119 moves behind the rail 72 with the toothed wheel 725, if tick 72 stops, the measles 72 will retreat under the influence of the spring and thereby separate the wheels 727 and 726, and then the rod 134, and therefore the feather 77Y under the influence of the spring 757 return to their extreme position on the zero line. As the shaft 722 rotates at a constant speed, the tape 755 also comes at a constant speed, and ftepo, when it moves uniformly perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tape 755, draws an inclined line on the latter. The contacts 220 are opened with the help of a cluster 22 and a relay 227 and, thus, break the self-closing circuit (contacts 275, key 275 and winding 272).

The contacts 222 are controlled by the central unit 7 for automatic control using the keys 225 and 22., the current source 225 and the relay 25. These contacts, as well as the I key 27P, are closed when the tape is moved by the will of the subject. In this case, I, depending on the position of the switch 248, the tape, when pressing any button, quickly moves the net to that or other length. The key 226 closes for a certain period of time by the central time controller 7 at the start of work with the automatic tape stroke (Fig. 2 and 6).

The design and operation of the circuit for one table (Fig. 2) in various cases.

I. Registration of the time that the subject used to complete the tasks:

I. Change of tasks is performed automatically by the central office:

a) Each task is exhibited in a stationary state at the time assigned to it and quickly disappears, replaced by another: the tape moves with jumps. Key 222 is open. Before testing in this method, the central control unit 1 for an automatic control closes the key 226 for some time and then opens it. Regarding the registration of reaction time, this is equivalent to pressing one of the buttons, i.e. the closure between the end points. At the same time, the current from the battery 207 will fall into the winding of the relay 277, which will close the contacts 275 (which gives current to the winding 272 self-closing) and open the contacts275. Since the winding 218 causes the pen to move perpendicular to the direction of movement of the kymograph tape when current flows from the source current 277, then opening the contacts 27 will cause the current in the winding 275 to cease, which will disengage the pen from the moving wheel of the mechanism and cause it to return to the zero line.

Then the central apparatus gives the task (tape jump), for example, by short-term closure of the key 25 (Fig. 1). Simultaneously with the task, closing and opening the key 224, the central automatic device gives a current to the winding 227, what opens the contacts 220 and, therefore, the winding circuit is self-closing to the subject himself. Having selected all these moments in relation to the program of testing and the structure of the method chosen by him, the experimenter adjusts the apparatus so that he, at that time points, closes or disconnects the necessary keys from system 32; with the controller, the adjustment consists in strengthening of the locking plates in the appropriate places of the controller drum, with the availability of a special apparatus for automatic control of the mechanisms - by means of a series of other simple operations. ) The test involves two main points. 1) Exposure of the material intended to be processed by the subject, broken down into appropriate test areas and separate tasks; this exposure, in the form of text on a tape, is shown on the left side of the window of frame 48. 2) The test responses to the skipped front-of-the-line tasks. To characterize the responses, it is necessary to be able to register on one side. their correctness or irregularity, and on the other, the time it took for the subject to perform the next reaction. The device for receiving test responses provides the following possible ways to express them. 1) Responses performed by pencil writing, merging, underlining, etc., applied on the right side of the displayed tape against the subject, specified for study, sections, or on a special paper tape, superimposed on the right side of the test tape and moving with it is a window of frame 48.

2) Responses performed by pressing buttons located in a special board in front of the subject and representing a system designed for all possible reactions from the subject: a cardboard box with any inscription, number or symbol can be inserted into the head of each button. Each time you press a button, it is graphically recorded as the time elapsed from the time the task appeared in the field of view

and correct or incorrect answer.

The testing technique can be constructed in such a way that the curves of change in time, in quality and in the structural type of individual elements selected by the experimenter, of a complex workflow will be automatically drawn on kimograph paper.

FIG. 2 depicts an electrical diagram of such a board 207, with nine buttons for npoctoTbi (instead of the usual hundred) | each of which, when pressed, connects two pairs of contacts (eg, 202 and 203). Such a button with contacts is shown in section in FIG. 4. When the JOO button is pressed in the board 214, the shoulder 1 & J rests against the top contact, closes the pair of plate-, chatted contacts 202, the rod 702, the passage through the holes in this pair of contacts rests on the contacts 205 and, when the button is pressed connects them. There is no electrical connection between these pairs of contacts, either when the button is pressed or the button is not pressed. One pair of contacts of all buttons is connected in parallel 202, so that when each button is pressed, the corresponding contact gives an electrical connection of points with vi d (Fig. 2),

FIG. 2 are designated by numbers: 2Р7 board with a system of buttons in the amount of 9 pieces, the device of which in the form of contacts 202 and 205 is the same (Fig. 4); A 20 electromagnet causing a change of a set of two keys in two systems 205 and 205, one from each system. The product of the number of keys in system 205 and the number of keys in system 205 is equal to the number of buttons on the board 207. The device 20, 205, and 206 represents an apparatus that implements a set of two closed keys in systems 205 and 206, with each discontinuity of the current in the electromagnet 20 (the current does not cause it), the latter is replaced by a set of closed keys 205 and 205; at the same time, the experimenter sets the sequence of sets in advance, respectively, the sequence of correct answers that the subject should give to the corresponding task, and is fixed on this device. Electromagnet 208, which, when passing

hank 2/7, which opens the circuit of the electromagnet 218 and will cause the pen 119 to disengage and return to the zero line. Although, due to the closed key 222, the current also enters the winding 2/5, which closes the contacts 2/6, but the relay 2/5 gives such a deceleration that there is enough time for the return / pen to open zero line; it follows that each time you press any button, the floor 201 gives a feather reset to the zero line, and the feather will again begin to move perpendicular to the movement of the kymograph tape (Fig. 2).

21 At the same time, thanks to the closed key 219, the battery circuit 255 is closed through one of the windings 246 or 247, looking at the position of the switch 248, which can also be controlled by a central unit for automatic control that

causes the closure 42 - 43 (Fig. 1) or 44-45. Switch 248 can provide current. either into the winding of the relay 246, 246 or into the winding 24 and 247 giving the tape jump to some

length Consequently, the length that the pen passed between pressing two buttons will be equal to the time it took to solve the task to be set. On the tape of a kimOgraph, you get a graph, in which the time spent working on a task spent on the subject,

§Avoid the exposure time of the task, it will be proportional to the length of 1-11, P-1 or 1-1 (Fig. I)

P. Automatic registration of the test subject's correctness is achieved by a special electrical circuit, which acts in the same way, both in the case of movement of the tape by the central apparatus / for automatic control, and by the will of the subject. After solving the task, the subject presses the corresponding Kfionky on the board 201, at which he can press either the button that corresponds to the correct answer, or another button that corresponds to the wrong answer. The electrical cjceMJa for checking the correctB1; the response rate is the following device (FIG. 2). Assuming that the field 201 has m horizontal buttons (in the drawing, m is 3) and in each row of k buttons (in the drawing, k is 3), i.e. there are k vertical rows, then the wire goes from one of the poles of the current borer branching into three at point a. and these three wires 240, 241, 242 go through the keys (k keys), then come up to the vertical rows of buttons and go to the contacts of the buttons of the corresponding vertical row (for example, the top contact of the pair 203 (Fig. 4) that in Fig. 2 corresponds, 25b).

From the other pole of the current source 207 a wire leaves, in which the winding of the electromagnet 208 is turned on when the current in which the electromagnet 208 makes a note on the kimo / graph tape indicates that the answer is correct. Behind the electromagnet 2, this wire splits into three wires 243, 244, 245, which previously pass through keys 206i, 206, and 206z (t). Wires 243, 244 and 245 fit into three (t) horizontal rows of buttons, each wire being fed to the same contacts of all the buttons in the same horizontal row, for example, the lower contacts of a pair of contacts 203 (Fig. 4), FIG. 2 corresponds to 256. This soldering of wires leads to the fact that, when pressing any button, the latter connects one of the wires going to a vertical row of buttons, and the combination of wires, and hence the keys 205 and 206, through which current flows Each button is different, it is typical for this button. The keys of the system 20S and 206 are arranged so that the experimenter can preset the sequence to close the closures of any pair of. They are corresponding to those answers that will be correct for the tasks, and the combination of two keys one by one from 205 and 206 to the next combination is made when the current in the winding 204 is disconnected. From the described device it is clear that, if the subject answered correctly, i.e. . pressed the button of the board 207, which corresponds to the correct answer, then in the circuit under consideration (the current source is one of the keys of the system 205, contact

- - W

.at

neither 212, which would cause the opening of the contacts 213 and the closing of 214, the supply of current to the winding 218, therefore, the commissioning of the pen. Subsequent closure of contacts 220 will not cause any action. After completing the task, the subject presses one of the buttons of the board 201 and thereby causes a second connection between points with YI,: finally, the current through the winding 2 //, the contact closure 213, the current into the winding 212, the opening 214, the current stops at 2 / and, therefore, the return of the pen to the zero line.

The central unit / gives a new task and, closing and unlocking the KP P224, launches the pen into action, and when the subject responds by pressing the button, the pen is reset again to the zero line, etc. Thus, a graph of the form shown in FIG. 8, where the areas / - // are the intervals between the answer and the task of the lOBoro task, // - III is the time used by the subject to solve the task to be set; /// - / feather return to 0. Since it is possible that the subject or does not respond to the task, then in the rack 124, providing for a cut of teeth 752 at some distance, upon reaching which the gear 725 will rotate without moving the pen 119 from the extreme position (Fig. 2).

b) Each task is exposed when the belt is moving with a uniform, determined speed, with each turn of the leading drum 7 (Fig. 1) corresponding to a number of n past sections of the task. At the time of the occurrence of the task, the B6 applicator (Fig. 1) rotates on the axis 56 of the driving drum with the number of beams equal to the number of closures per revolution of the drum (if less than /, then the corresponding gear is set) contacts 87 and 88, which are connected in parallel with the key 224, and therefore, their closure sets in motion the pen from the zero line. V

The beginning of the test person’s work on the task is considered to be the moment when the task appeared in the window so much that it is already possible to read it and watch it completely. The clamp 86 on the axis of the leading drum is set so that it closes the contacts 87 and 88 at this very moment. Then, just as in the case of a, when the task appears, the pen goes on, the stroke and the response of the subject (button) returns back to the zero line. As a result, we get the same graph (Fig. 9), in which d-time elapsed between the appearance of two tasks, 1-P-test's work on the task, // - /// - reset the pen to the zero line when the test or the response contact closure 89-90, which can be seen in the graph by the absence of horizontal sections HI-I, where /// - / is the time elapsed between the response of the subject and the time when the next task occurs.

B. The assignments are changed arbitrarily by the subjects themselves.

a) The tape moves evenly with the speed that the subject regulates himself (by placing the handle 57 on the corresponding lamella). Time registration is performed in the same way as in case 16, but the time elapsing between the appearance of the task /, /, / - /, etc., and therefore between the beginnings of the movement of the pen, will depend on the speed with which the subject tape in turn. The diagram shown in FIG. ten.

b) The tape moves with jumps produced when the button responds to the test subject, so that the response mode (qi for each task causes the appearance of a new task that enters the test 3f # e field and the test after the previous one. In this case, the pen, with each answer, should the automaton 1 returns to the zero line and immediately resumes its movement. The keys 222 and 27P (Fig. 2) are closed, and the key 275 is opened using the 25 # relay, controlled by the central unit 7, to automatically control the closure of the key 225. Then pressing each blackboard buttons 207 (the response of the subject) causes a connection between points c and d, which, in turn, leads to the following consequences:

1) The return (reset) of the moving pen to the zero line is performed as follows: when a circuit closes between points cud, a current passes through the field; the current number I will close the keys corresponding to the number 54, etc. -, /

The subject matter of the invention.

, 1. A device for a psycho-technical study, consisting of, moved by means of a ribbon passing through a window for minimizing a given text, at a predetermined speed, with a device for recording the recording of reactions, the time taken to complete the task, Simultaneously marking the subject's answer to a given text, an additional window was applied to record the answers on the same Leng. 2. The form of implementation of the fixture indicated in paragraph 1, which differs from FIG.

in that for the automatic movement of the belt, the shaft 56 is provided with a device 40 which moves the belt evenly; with a given experimenter C ((orost (u (Fig. 1 and 7).

3. Form (making of the device mentioned in PP-1 and 2, characterized in that 5P devices are used to move the tape irregularly at different lengths (Figs. 1 and 5).

,four. The form of implementation of the above in paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that a system of buttons 202-203 located on the board 20 / (Fig. 2, 6 and 5) is used to record the responses graphically marked by the kymograph in the sense of time, correctness and irregularity. fyjsa FIG. 4 J / JOc JOJ 2 301 FIG. 7 FIG. 12 L, - 1 a J 4 S FIG. JO / I FIG. and in

BUTTONS, one of the keys of the system 206, the winding of the relay 208, the current source is “put the current, but if the button is pressed does not match the correct answer, then there will be no current. The mark of correctness is made with a pen / 7P, acting from the core of an electromagnet 208 on a kimograph tape, and the ETZ electromagnet is reinforced so that it marks directly against the line drawn by the pen when the pen is reset to the zero line. It is clear that the absence of a mark against any one (of the line indicates that the answer to this task was incorrect. Therefore, as a result of the test, we get over the time curve of the correctness of the answer (Fig. 12):

Answers 7, 2, 4, and-5 are correct 5; and .5 - nep) avilny.

Ustyusty to check the correctness of the answer may be somewhat different, namely, that which is shown in FIG. 3. In this figure, in order not to draw the whole scheme, only a part is shown that checks, answers and adventures at points a, b, c, d, and on a blackboard 20f instead of p buttons there are two rows of buttons: in one - t buttons, and in the other, and buttons. FIG. 3 row 230, in which each button out of ten denotes

Ten, and row 252, consisting of ten buttons, each button indicating units. The circuit is designed in such a way that for a response expressed in a two-digit number, the subject must press two buttons simultaneously, buttons of tens from the system 230, and buttons of units from system 232. Winding 204 with systems of the keys 255 and 25 / is a device whose device same as 204-205-206 in FIG. 2, i.e., at each opening in winding 204, it changes the combination of closed keys (one of the system and one of the system 257) corresponding to the correct answer, in the form of pressing a certain combination of two buttons (one of the 1b1 , 5 and another from system 252).

Assume | 4 that the correct assignment will wipe 99 for the given task, the second with the eater, the third — J-T.D. Then the experimenter sets the device 204-g233- -231 so that the right-hand keys of the system 255 are first closed on it and 25 /. The second combination of keys of the system 255 and 23Г corresponds to the number 89, and the keys of the second on the right will be 25 / and the first on the right in the system 255. The third combination will be the corresponding chi (lu 54; the keys on the right will be closed, on the 257 and the sixth. in system 255, etc. This sequence of combinations of two closed experiment keys is set in advance by the torus and then begins to produce the test.When the first answer is taken, the subject presses the right-most buttons in systems 252 and 230, which are closed in the battery 207 with the keys, h This will mark the electromagnet2S on the tape, how correctly this answer is. Pressing the other button does not give a mark as the circuit will be broken. The pairs of contacts for each button that cause a short circuit between points c and d are connected in parallel for each of the groups 230 and 252, but these contact groups are connected in series. Due to this, pressing any one button does not cause a connection between c and d, but only pressing two buttons simultaneously (one of the systems 250 and 252) will give the connection and, therefore, will call; changing the task and activating the pen Jf9 to record the time spent on the task. By simultaneously pressing the rightmost buttons of systems 230 and 252, the subject will call HS between only a and amp, but also between cud, which will trigger a current of 2 ,. and when the subject releases the buttons and thereby interrupts the TOJ in 204, this will cause the first combination of keys corresponding to the number 99 to open, and the corresponding keys of the second combination to open, i.e. D9. When responding to the next task; again, the correctness of the answer is obtained only when you press the keys :, the second on the right in the system 250 and the first on the right in the system 230 and the first on the right in the system 252. So after releasing the buttons again 20 / unlocks the CLK)