SU275895A1 - DEVICE FOR DETERMINING PROPERTIES OF PLANTS REMOVABILITY - Google Patents

Description

The known devices for determining the threshing properties of plants represent either a reduced form of harvesting machines or laboratory facilities, for example, so-called selection threshers. In particular, devices are known that include a drum threshing device and a sieve system. However, with the help of such devices, it is possible to determine only a limited number of plant properties.

In order to obtain the simultaneous determination of more properties, a device is offered which is equipped with a further threshing device, containing a casing and a shaft located inside. There are pointed protrusions on the inner surface of the casing, and on the shaft there are fastened, advantageously, articulated. In turn, the additional threshing device is equipped, like the main one, with several sieves located under the outlet of the casing of this device and equipped with corresponding measuring instruments. These devices are of the known construction of scales, instruments for measuring humidity, equipped with needle electrodes, and reflective scales, pulse meters,

According to another embodiment of the device, it may include intermediate threshing devices, also equipped with sieves, which are mainly installed in pairs, and measuring instruments.

The number of revolutions of the threshing drums and the gap between them and the casings are adapted in the proposed device.

For control, the operation of the device has a central, mainly software, system, in which all opening and closing elements of the device and measurement process control devices are included.

The sieves in the proposed device can be equipped with fans.

FIG. 1 schematically depicts the device described; in fig. 2 is his other option.

The device (see Fig. 1) supplies plants 1, for example, about a dozen stalks with ears, into the feed hopper 2, the lower shutter 3 of which, depending on the central control system 4, for example magnetic, is open. At the same time, the test material falls on the periphery of the threshing drum 5 rotating around a horizontal axis, equipped with a corrugated coating 6 and surrounded with a sleeve case skin. X 7, facing the threshing drum, the side of which also has a corrugated coating 5. Through the hole located under the drum 5 in the casing 9 connected to the central control system of the shutter 10, the processed test material (ear, chaff and grain) is fed to the swinging one above the other moving in the direction of the arrow CHD sieves 11 and 12, the upper sieve 11 holds only a relatively long pieces of straw, by which adjoint side conveyor belt 13 are moved into a hopper 14 where the needle electrodes 15 through 16 Td measuring device 17 determines a straw humidity. After the valve 18 in the bottom of the bunker is actuated, the straw falls on the straw walker from 19 large areas, which distributes the straw over the 20 holes of hivet 21 underneath and driven by cams. The straw is passed to the straw in accordance with its division into fractions Separate scales 22, where the weight of the different straw fractions is determined. Similarly, this process is also performed on the lower couch: clamp sieve 12 with medium-sized straw particles, which are conveyed by belt conveyor 23 to the bunker 26 equipped with needle electrodes 24 and 25, and from there after opening valve 27 to the bottom of the straw walker 28. There is also an agitator 29 and separate scales 30 under the straw, which are used to determine the weight fractions of the different straw fractions.

All the straw components thus weighed are then dropped, for example by electromagnetic tilting of the scale plates, through the hopper .37 onto the scale 32, where the weight of the total straw is determined on a scale of 33. After being placed in the grain hopper 34 located under the sieves, the spike and parts of the chaff, after appropriate actuation of the electromagnetic gate 35, are sent for further processing.

At the same time, the test material is rotated around the casing 39, which are mounted on the shaft 36 of the edged beats 37, but is spread around the casing 39, which has the edge-shaped protrusions 38 on the inner surface, and is thus subjected to a damage test. In addition, the rigidity of the processing mode can be varied by changing the number of revolutions of the drum. After opening the shutter casing 39 located in the lower part of the casing 39 in accordance with the time program coordinated with the general process, the test material falls onto one carats 41-44 located one under another, which have holes of different sizes, the axis being separated first, then the sex, then the whole grain and, finally, the share of crushed grain. Using weights 45-48, the sorting results are again determined here. After tipping the balance plates, all the grains enter the hopper 49, equipped with double electrodes 50 to determine the humidity. If you attach instruments to record the results and the like to individual measuring instruments, this process can be fully automated.

In another embodiment of the device (see FIG. 2), several drums 51-54 are connected to each other in series, each of intermediate drums 52 and 53, as well as an additional drum 54, due to respectively different coatings of the drums or walls, have a more dramatic effect on the test material. than the previous one. The individual drums are followed by two different sieves 55-62 to separate the grains and the other components of the ground as described above. Wherein

coarse components are always fed to the subsequent drum, while small components (whole and crushed grains) are sorted and sent to the balance, where changes in plant consistencies are determined and evaluated according to the degree of rigidity of the processing mode or the impact. The proposed device also has a central control system 63 for a synchronized progress of the entire process.

Both versions of the device, of course, can be supplemented. For example, under certain circumstances, there is a need to improve the performance of sieves by installing fans. When sorting by

It is more expedient to use straw fractions to use known forks. A set of measuring devices can be extended, for example, by using remote shields, which allow electronic counting

pulses to determine the weight of a thousand grains. Vibrating devices can be used to sort grains by size, shape, and crushed parts. It is possible to change the structural forms of the drums: for example, for certain cases, it may be better to use percussion elements used in hammer mills to grind grain. This achieves increased crushing of the grain, so that it is possible to derive an order of magnitude of the trend of crushing from the range between pre-grinding (first threshing) and repeated threshing. Finally, instead of the protrusions on the inner surface of the casings, it is possible to use the shell

wire cloth.

Subject invention

1. A device for determining plant threshing properties, including a drum threshing device and a sieve system, characterized in that, in order to simultaneously determine a greater number of properties, the device is equipped with a secondary threshing device, containing