SU236117A1 - APPARATUS FOR PARAMOTHERMAL TREATMENT OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES - Google Patents

Description

Apparatuses for steam-thermal processing of fruits and ovods are known, which contain a loading device, a working chamber with loading and unloading openings for fruits and vegetables, and openings for the admission and release of steam.

Prippip steam cleaning of vegetables with these devices is based on short-term thermal effects of steam pressure of 8-12 atm on vegetables. At the same time, the surface layer of vegetables quickly heats up above 100 ° C, but the moisture contained in the layer does not squeeze, since the pressure in the vegetable compartment is high.

After some, approximately 10 seconds, exposure in the chamber, the pressure is immediately relieved to atmospheric pressure by releasing steam or supplying cold water to it. When the pressure is released, the moisture of the surface layer of vegetables turns out to be overheated relative to atmospheric pressure and instantly boils. At the same time, the resulting steam from the vegetables breaks off the skin.

In order to increase the productivity and intensify the process during cleaning, improve the quality of cleaning, reduce the amount of waste and reduce costs in the proposed apparatus, the working chamber is made of a series of vertically arranged sections connected by bypass valves equipped with, for example, hydraulic actuators.

In this apparatus, a steam inlet opening is located in the middle section, and for exhaust, in the edge sections.

The proposed apparatus is expediently provided with a device for the instantaneous reduction of pressure in the outermost sections and to connect it with steam lines to the openings for the release of steam from these sections.

In order to synchronize the operation of the loading device, the relief valves and the device for the instantaneous decrease in pressure, it is advisable to carry out the apparatus with a distribution device.

The drawing shows schematically the proposed device.

It contains the following main components: loading device, working chamber, bypass valves, device for instant pressure reduction, hydraulic drive, silencer.

The loading device consists of a bucket elevator, tray 2 and hopper 3.

The working chamber is made in the form of several sections (steel cylinders) 4, 5, 6 with flanges. Chambers 7, 8 enter the device for instantaneous reduced pressure. Section 4, 6 are connected to chambers 7 and 8 through pipelines 9 and 10. Section 5 is connected to the steam pipe 11, on which valve 12 is installed.

The size of the sections depends on the performance of the device. Sections 4, 5, and 6 contain bypass valves 13, 14, 15, and 16, which serve to separate the sections from each other and separate them from the atmosphere, to bypass the product through the sections from the place of loading to the place of discharge and to process it with steam, for sealing sections.

The design of the valves may be different, in particular steam valves are applied.

The bypass valves are opened and closed according to a predetermined program by a hydraulic actuator with hydraulic cylinders 17, 18, 19 and 20.

The device for the instantaneous decrease in pressure (in the extreme sections by the release of steam) includes, besides chambers 7, 8, valves 21, 22 and a cam 23.

Section 4 is connected to this device only so that steam does not enter the loading device.

Instead of reducing the pressure by letting off steam, it is necessary to pump cold water to the extreme sections of the pump.

In addition to hydraulic cylinders 17, 18, 19 and 20, the hydraulic pump includes a pump 24, a hydraulic tank 25, an overflow valve 26, and a switchgear 27.

In order to synchronize apparatus units, a loading device is connected to a distribution device and a device for instantly reducing pressure by chain transmission 28.

There is a silencer 29 in the apparatus to reduce noise when steam is discharged; it is manufactured according to the type of mobile power supply.

During operation of the apparatus, after closing the klanai 16, 14 and opening the valves 15, 13, steam is supplied through the steam line 11, which fills sections 5, 4, line 9 and chamber 7 (valve 21 is closed).

After that, the elevator 1 supplies the next batch of ovides to be cleaned, which is placed on the valve 16. The pressure is released by opening the valves 21, 22 when all the bypass valves are completely closed.

valves 13, 14, 15, and 16. When the pressure drops to the atmospheric moisture, the surface layer of vegetables boils up, the steam thus formed tears off the skin from the surface.

The bypass clans work in pairs: valves 16 and 14, 15 and 13.

As the valves are paired open and closed, the vegetables are poured from section to section, and in the steaming zone there are two successively received portions of vegetables. When going from section to section, vegetables are mixed, which contributes to their even treatment with steam.

To change the duration of steaming vegetables, change the speed of loading vegetables with an elevator.

Passing all the sections successively, the steamed vegetables enter the washing machine.

Subject invention

Claims (3)

1. An apparatus for steam-thermal processing of fruits and vegetables, including a loading device, a working chamber with loading and unloading openings for fruits and vegetables, and openings for inlet and exhaust of steam, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity and intensify the process, the working chamber It is made of vertically arranged sections, which are jointly connected by means of bypass valves, with the steam inlet opening located in the middle section and the bottom opening in the extreme sections. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a device for instantly reducing the pressure in the working chamber connected by steam lines to the openings for the release of steam from the outermost sections. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to synchronize the operation of the charging device, the relief valves and the device for the instantaneous reduction of pressure, it is equipped with a distribution device. (