SU1789122A1 - Feed grinding and mixing mechanism - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for grinding and mixing.

There is a well-known feed mixer comprising a cylindrical housing 5 loaded and unloading windows, inside of it are Counter-cutters and, accordingly, a vertically mounted and cantilevered shaft with straight knives, a spreading cone and a thrower rigidly fixed to it, and a shaft drive mechanism .

The feed is fed to the spreading cone and the last is thrown to the knives and counter-cutters, where it is crushed, and then mixed, then, under the influence of gravity and the air suction stream created by the thrower, it falls onto the blades of the last and is thrown from the mixer grinder. through the discharge window to the outside. (Handbook of a livestock machine operator, Z.F. Kaptur and others. Minsk, Urajay, 1981, pp. 86-87).

A disadvantage of the known device is that the unmilled material, 25 falling on the plane of the knives, is discarded by centrifugal forces to the peripheral part of the cutting, this is also facilitated by the spreading cone, which immediately discards the feed to this peripheral part; 30 All this leads to the fact that in the peripheral part a compacted layer of material is created, which means that the cutting conditions are worsened, since an increased / moment of resistance to cutting is created, which ultimately leads to an increase in the power consumption of the drive, and mixing the components of the feed mixture in the compacted layer is significantly worsens.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a feed chopper-mixer, comprising a housing with a loading neck, an unloading window and a cutting apparatus made in the form of curved knives mounted on a 45 axis of rotation and with teeth tilted in the opposite direction from the middle in the radial direction sides, and wedge-shaped contradictions mounted on axles and spring-loaded relative to the body.

The loading neck is equipped with a shutter pivotally suspended around its circumference in the form of 10 rods freely suspended (AS No. 1563629 of January 15, 1990).

The disadvantage of this design is that the feed seal in the peripheral part of the knives is only partially removed due to the shutter installed in the discharge neck above the upper row of knives, for which this seal is removed; the lower rows of knives are deprived of this, and the seal is removed only partially due to the curvature of the knives.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy consumption of the process of grinding, mixing and unloading the product, increasing the operational reliability of the grinder-mixer, improving the quality of mixing feed mixtures.This goal is achieved by the fact that the knives are equipped with curved reflective plates vertically mounted on their upper planes with a wedge-shaped leading edge.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed device is distinguished by the design of the knives having reflective plates on their upper plane, which describe the circumferences when rotating, and are installed with the condition that the moving product overlaps in the radial direction along this plane,

Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of the invention of novelty.

Comparison of the proposed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this technical field, did not allow to reveal in them the signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that the criterion meets significant differences.

Figure 1 shows the proposed chopper-mixer feed - front view.

Figure 2 shows in plan a grinding apparatus - type A.

On Fig.3 shows an isometric image of a knife grinding machine with a reflective plate.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the working process of the proposed chopper-mixer feed.

The chopper-mixer consists of a receiving chamber 1 of Fig. 1, a scattering cone 2 installed in the upper part of the rotor 3, including knives 4 with reflective plates 5 and contradictions 6, in the lower part of the rotor 3 there is a thrower with blades 7, drive 8, frame 9 , product discharge chamber 10 with discharge neck 11.

Grinder-mixer works as follows.

The feed is fed into the receiving chamber 1 of Fig. 4 and further, under the action of gravity and the suction air flow, it falls into the grinding and mixing chamber, where, falling on the spreading cone 2 mounted on the rotor 3, it is thrown in different directions to the knives 4, which limit its movement both along its toothed cutting edge due to the existing curvature of FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and along its upper planes in the radial direction from the action of centrifugal forces by the reflection plates 5, which uniformly distribute it along the height along cutting front relative to the contradictions 6 of figure 4; This is because the plates 5 have at the knives 4 of each row a different length, which decreases from the upper rows to the lower ones. Moreover, the knives 4 of the lowest row have no reflecting plates 5, since here the last portions of feed are thrown into the cutting zone and mixed, which should be easily processed by this centrifugal force into this zone.

Thus, the conditions for decompression of the product in the end part of the cutting of knives 4 are created, which means that the process of cutting and mixing it improves while reducing energy consumption. The installation of reflective plates 5 with a uniform decrease in their length from the top row of knives to the bottom is explained by the need for uniform supply of material to the active cutting zone, where the knives 4 interact with the contradictions 6, and their location along circular arcs is primarily due to the fact that during the operation of the grinder - the mixer feed is discarded due to centrifugal forces radially, which means that in the horizontal plane to the tangent to any point of the concave part of the reflective plates 5 it will be directed normally, which ensures it cial fall down without any rejection, the center of rotation. Therefore, there is a uniform rejection on the lower rows of knives around the entire circumference of rotation of these plates.

In addition, their location eliminates their ventilation ability, and the wedge-shaped bow reduces resistance to food particles. All this ultimately improves the quality indicators of the grinding and mixing process, reduces its energy intensity.

The crushed and uniformly mixed product, leaving the zone of action of the cutting apparatus, is picked up by a rotating strong air stream created by the blades 7 of the thrower and then discarded by the last and concomitant air stream through the discharge neck 11 to the outside.

All of the above helps to improve the grinding process, mixing the product and reduce the energy intensity of the grinder-mixer.

Claims (1)

Claim A feed chopper-mixer, including a body with a cutting device located inside, made of knives mounted on the axis of rotation and mounted on the inner surface of the knives on the inside surface of the knives, characterized in that, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the grinding and mixing process, the knives are equipped with curved reflective plates mounted on the upper planes of the knives concentric with the axis of rotation, and the plates are made with a variable, decreasing from the upper tier to the lower, length, and their front the direction of rotation of the edge is made inclined.