SU1789020A3 - Method for mining gently dipping mineral beds - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of powerful flat layers of minerals of complex structure, mainly potash layers with an unstable roof.

A well-known system for the development of shallow and inclined formations, which consists in carrying out recoil mining, ventilation production, carried out on the collapsed rocks of adjacent lava outside the zone of treatment work, near-hole production, connected to the ventilation boot of the layers with layers of minerals of different stability. The inventive field panel drifts are carried out under the worked out lava space in the regional unloaded zones, excavation drifts and auxiliary excavations in areas ahead of the working face by no more than three sections, which are outlined with crosshairs and field faults. The distance between the cross-bars along the length of the excavation column takes no more than the optimal length for transporting the rock mass from the tunnel complex to the unloading point. For notching crosscuts from the wentstreck of the lava, failures are carried out on the auxiliary drift. Serving and conducting field drifts and breaking with a crosshairs are carried out respectively from drifts in unloaded zones. After drifts in each area spend a second cross-country. To bypass the rock mass, the crossbeam is knocked down with drifts of ore passes. The rock from the field workings is laid in the worked out space of the lava. 2 ill.

production of faults and mining of lava, located between the subcircuit and recoil mine workings.

However, in the well-known technological scheme, the reinforcement and maintenance of preparatory workings is associated with the high cost of manual unproductive labor and materials for fastening and reinforcing.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is a method of developing flat coal seams, including field

1789020 AZ of preparatory workings in the soil of the formation, workings outlining the excavation columns, conducting crosshairs from field workings to the formation under the workings and additional workings that connect to the workings, followed by working out the posts with long working faces. In this case, the width of the formed separation pillar between the reservoir and the additional development is taken no more than the width of the zone of low stress residual reference pressure, which is formed in the edge part behind the working face of the worked column.

However, this development method does not provide for the effective development of powerful flat formations at full capacity with an unstable roof due to the significant costs of maintaining mine workings, especially when they are reused and prematurely conducted to work out the subsequent slaughter. The reuse of field workings after their completion and restoration of the loads of the overlying rock stratum under the central part of the worked out space requires not only enhanced fastening, but also the reinforcement of these workings. Conducting the preparatory workings in the process of mining the extraction column with their location in the zone unloaded from the rock pressure, for example, in salt fields, can significantly reduce the cost of maintaining them.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of excavation of formations with an unstable roof by reducing the cost of maintaining mine workings when developing powerful formations of complex structure with interlayers of minerals of different stability.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing shallow seams of minerals, which consists in conducting field preparatory workings in the soil of the formation under the worked out spaces, crosshairs, formation workings along the borders of the sides of the extraction columns, knocking auxiliary workings with formation workings, working out the formation at full power with long treatment faces and transportation of rock mass, conducting cross-valves are carried out at a distance from each other along the length of the column is not more than optimal the minerals are transported and knocked together by field faults, preparatory workings out are carried out by sections contoured by crosshairs and field faults ahead of the working face by no more than three sections, excavation of auxiliary workings is carried out through the reservoir, while the mine workings are carried out under a stable layer of the reservoir in its lower part, and the field workings under the mined-out space along the sides of the extraction column in the regional unloaded zones, moreover, in the process of treatment excavation, the rock from the faces field workings laid in the worked out space of the lava.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the prototype shows that the claimed method differs from the known one in that the field workings and reservoirs in each extraction column are carried out by sections contoured by pivots and field faults ahead of the working face by no more than three sections (pivots). Carrying out cross-sections is carried out at a distance from each other along the length of the column of no more than the optimal length for transporting the rock mass from the tunnel complex to the unloading point. In this case, the mine workings are carried out under a stable layer of the formation in its lower part, and the field workings under the worked-out space along the sides of the extraction column in the regional unloaded zones. Moreover, in the process of treatment excavation, the rock from the faces of the field workings is laid in the worked out space of the lava.

In FIG. 1 presents a flow chart of the development of a powerful layer of complex structure; FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1.

The proposed development method is as follows.

When mining a powerful shallow layer, for example, a potash layer of complex structure containing layers of mineral (sylvinite) and rock layers (rock salt with clay), field panel conveyor 1, transport 2 and ventilation 3 drifts, excavation reservoir conveyor 4 and ventilation 5 drifts are carried out in sections lavas, auxiliary drifts 6 ahead of the working face 7 by no more than three sections, which are outlined by pivots 8 and field faults 9. The distance between pivots 8 along the length of the excavation column there is no more optimal length for transporting the rock mass from the tunnel complex to the unloading point, for example, self-propelled wagons. To spot cross-valves from the ventilation drift 5 of the lava, failures 10 are carried out on the auxiliary drift 6, cutting the soil in it with access to the ventilation drift 5 of the lava. Serving and conducting field panel drifts of the ventilation 3, conveyor 1, transport 3 and failures 9 from the crosshairs 8 are carried out from the sides of the ventilation 5 and conveyor 4 drifts of lava, respectively, in the unloaded zones formed under the worked out space of the lava, for example, under conditions of mining of the Starobinsky potash deposit at a distance from the sides of drifts 4 and 5 no more than 30 m. The rock from the field workings is laid in the worked-out space of 12 lavas. After the panel field drifts 1 and 2 are carried out in each section, a second crosshair 8 is carried out under the conveyor drift 4 of the lava with the exit of its inclined part to the auxiliary drift 6 and through the fault 10 to the conveyor drift 4 of the lava. To bypass the rock mass, crosshairs 8 are knocked down with formation drifts 4,5 by means of ore passes 11. The preparation of each section of the excavation column contoured by crosshairs 8 is completed by the failure of the formation conveyor drift 4 of lava with previously passed sections with the passage above the previous crosshairs 8. At the same time, a fresh stream air to the prepared section serves on the previous fault 9 and the ventilation drift 3 until the end of the conveyor drift 1 in this section. Then, in the field fault 9, the ventilation jumper is removed, and the panel ventilation drift 3 in this section is connected to the outgoing stream. Aeration of the lava is carried out from the first pair of cross-bars 8, located from the lava to their maturity.

Formation drifts 4 and 5 are carried out under the most stable layers of the formation in its lower part. Auxiliary drifts 6 are used as transport and security drifting drifts 4 and 5.

Minerals from the face of the lava 7 are transported by the conveyor drift 4 of the lava, through the ore pass 11 to the intermediate conveyor in the crosshitch 9 and to the panel conveyor in the drift 1.

The proposed development method can significantly reduce the cost of maintaining the preparatory workings with a direct procedure for mining mining columns. And laying the lava mined-out space with rock from the sinking of the field workings will reduce the cost of maintaining the working face due to the possibility of rarefaction of its mechanized lining.

Claims (1)

Claim A method of developing shallow seams of minerals, including carrying out field preparatory workings in the soil of the seam, strata workouts along the borders of the sides of the mining posts along the sides of the stope, conducting a crosshitch from the field workings to the stratum under the workings and additional workings, knocking out additional workings with stratum workings, mining formation at full capacity with long working faces and rolling of the rock mass, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of excavation of formations with a stable roof by reducing the cost of maintaining mine workings when developing powerful strata of complex structure with interbeds of minerals of different stability, conducting crosshairs is carried out at a distance from each other along the length of the column no more than the optimal length of the rock mass and knocking together field failures, preparatory workings carry out sections, contoured by crosshairs and field faults, ahead of the working face by no more than three sections, sinking additional workings They are produced in the reservoir, while the mine workings are carried out under a stable layer of the formation in its lower part, and the field workings are carried out along the sides of the extraction column at a distance of no more than 30 m from the sides of the face, and in the process of treatment excavation, the rock from the faces of the field workings is laid in the worked out space.