SU1759335A1 - Method of selecting soft winter wheat resistant to lodging - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: agriculture, methods of selection of agricultural plants. Summary of the Invention: Smaller and larger diameters of the conductive bundles of the sclerenchyma and parenchyma of the internodes of the test samples are determined. Samples with a minimum ratio of larger and smaller diameters of conductive bundles of sclerenchyma and parenchyma and a larger diameter of conductive bundles of stem are directed along the radius of the cross section of the internode. 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the selection of agricultural plants.

There are various methods for assessing the starting material for lodging resistance, the most common of which is the method of visual assessment of plant resistance to lodging in the field (workshop on breeding and seed production of field crops) / Edited by Yu.B. Konovalova. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987 , s, 65). However, weather conditions do not always add up to allow a similar assessment in the field. The method of assessing resistance to lodging by the resistance of different interstices of a stem at a fracture (Workshop on breeding and seed production of field crops / Edited by Yu.B. Konovalov. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987, p.73) rather poorly reflects the ability of plants to resist lodging . So, in 1989, the correlation coefficient between the resistance of an interstice straw

stem on fracture and lodging resistance was 0.02 ... 0.26.

The closest to the proposed selection method is the method of anatomical assessment of the starting material for resistance to lodging, in which plants with a large thickness of interstices and a more developed mechanical tissue are selected, having a high sclerification rate of 1. The disadvantage of this anatomical selection method is that in determining the cell wall sclerization rate, it is necessary to carry out a large number of sections of plants that are destroyed, to study the sclerification process in the dynamics e, which is also extremely difficult and impracticable in practical breeding work. In the prototype, the object of selection is phenotypes with a thick stem and a high degree of sclerification of the cell walls. It says nothing about the configuration of conductive beams.

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stems, playing, besides other functions, the role of the weeds of the plant supporting system.

The proposed selection method is carried out as follows.

From the stage of onset of milky ripeness, an average of 10 plants of each variety (line) is selected. In the case of working with hybrid materials, the volume of material being worked out is determined by the breeder's abilities (presence of people in the winter period, their training, etc.). To determine the stability of the studied forms to stem lodging, it is possible to restrict ourselves to the study of only the second interstitial stem, which plays a decisive role in resistance to this kind of lodging. The internodes are fixed in 75% alcohol, after about a month they are transferred to a mixture of glycerol and 75% alcohol (1:10). Sections are made on a microtome in the middle of the interstitial site and stained with a saturated solution of phloroglucin in 50% hydrochloric acid or any other suitable dye. When receiving rather thin cuts they can and not be painted. Measurements are carried out using a light microscope and an ocular rmicrometer. The smaller and larger diameters of the conductive bundles of the parenchyma and sclerenchyma are measured. After the measurements, calculations are carried out: by dividing the value of the larger diameter by the size of the smaller diameter, their ratio is determined in all the studied interstitial stems. 8 as plants resistant to lodging, forms are selected from which this ratio is minimal in all internodes of the stalks, i.e. tends to 1 to one. When this ratio is equal to more than one, the larger diameter of the stem should be directed along the radius of the cross section of the straw. A reverse correlation dependence was found between the resistance to lodging and the ratio of the larger and smaller diameters of the conductive beams of sclerenchyma in different interstices of the stem (, 43, ..- 0.51). between lodging resistance and the ratio of larger and smaller diameters of conductive parenchyma bundles in the upper interstices, 40 ...- 0.46, and in the lower internals, 34 ... 0.37.

Example. The Krymka and Ukrainka varieties of the species, which lodge in practically any weather conditions and are resistant to lodging, varieties Odessa 75 and Peresvet (see table).

Analyzing the obtained results, we select genotypes in which the minimum ratio of larger and smaller diameters of conductive bundles of sclerenchyma and parenchyma in all interstitial stems. In our case, this is Odessa 75 and Peresvet, in which the ratio of larger diameter of sclerenchymal bundles to smaller is 1.39- 1.40 in the lower interstitial, 1.34-1.35 in the middle and 1.00-1.09 in the upper, while in Krymka and Ukrainka these ratios are 1.42-1.49; 1.40-1.41; 1.09-1.20. By the same principle, we select genotypes that have the smallest ratio of larger and smaller diameters of conductive parenchyma bundles.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A method for selecting resilient forms of winter soft wheat, which includes an anatomical analysis of the interstices of the test samples, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of the method, smaller and larger diameters of conductive bundles of sclerenchyma and interstice parenchyma are determined and The minimum ratio of the larger and smaller diameters of the conductive bundles of sclerenchyma and parenchyma and the larger diameter of the conductive bundles of the stem are directed along the radius of the cross section of the internode. Continued table.