SU1758874A1 - Pulse counter - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: the invention relates to a pulse technique and can be used in automatic control systems with increased requirements for reliability and power consumption. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The meter contains parallel relays with two closing contact groups each, n two-position switches with closing contact group each, n - 1 diverting diodes, an input relay with switching contact group. 1 hp ff, 2 ill.

Description

The invention relates to a pulse technique and can be used in automatic control systems, in computing devices and in mine automation schemes, in particular, in a mine shaft alarm system for organizing code signaling from work horizons to the surface.

A ring counter is known, which contains relays with switching contact groups, resistors, power buses and odd and even turnips field buses. The disadvantages of this counter are the necessity of separating the input pulses into even and odd (otherwise the operation is interrupted) and the reliability is extremely low due to the use of blocking resistors and the connection circuit of the last relay of the counter. Resistors are selected according to the condition of providing the ratio:

 Wed - 1p rep.

where 1p is the current through the relay coil when connected in series with a blocking resistor;

tcp is the relay actuation current;

torn is the release current of the relay.

The scatter of parameters of resistors and relays (currents 1Cp and torn are different for different relay instances, depend on the state of their mechanical system) and their change in the process of operation, a small threshold difference between Icp and 0tp leads to a high probability of violation of the condition for one relay, which will cause either the spontaneous activation of this relay in the initial state, or the impossibility of keeping the relay in the on state.

When a pulse is turned on, which turns on the last (in the analogue circuit - the tenth) relay when it is triggered at the moment of self-blocking, it is de-energized at the time of transferring half the contacts from the previous relays. Because All these contacts are connected in series, then the total time of de-energizing the circuit is self-locking.

with

but

00 00 VI

N

The settings depend on the number of these contacts and the state of their mechanical part. As a result, despite the presence of the last relay of the damping diode in parallel with the winding, the delivery of this relay to self-blocking, especially when there is a series-connected resistor, is unreliable.

A counter is known that contains n bit relays connected to the power rails using thyristors and the corresponding interlocking contacts of these relays, (n + 1) -re relays connected to the power rails via a capacitor with a parallel resistance connected to it, the clock source with a switching contact group, a capacitor connected in series with the closing contact and a discharge resistor connected in parallel to the capacitor through the closing contact of this contact group.

When power is applied to the circuit, the first bit relay triggers it to its initial state. Subsequently, when the circuit was launched to the account, the nth pulse brought the circuit to the initial state, resumed the initial state of the circuit by switching on the first bit relay. As a result, when counting, the nth pulse in the cycle is skipped and the counter cannot be used to organize, for example, a multi-decade decimal count.

The disadvantage of the counter is the possibility of blocking its operation during a short power interruption, namely: in such a mode all discharge relays will be reset, including the first relay, intended to bring the circuit back to its original state. The capacitor of the (n + 1) -th relay will have time to discharge, and when the supply voltage recovers, the initial short-term (for the period of the charge of this capacitor) does not turn on (n +1) -th relay, as a result of which the required using the first bit relay.

The disadvantage is also the possibility of failure in the counting when fast switching the source of clock pulses in the cycle of on-off-on, namely due to the short-term connection of the capacitor of the source of clock pulses to the discharge resistance a sufficient discharge of this capacitor does not occur when connecting the next control electrode thyristor to the power source, the charge current of the capacitor will be insufficient to turn on this thyristor,

Also known is a ten-meter counter containing ten bit relays with contact groups, an input relay with a switching contact group, two

switching relays with damping diodes connected in parallel to the windings, switching pulses of the supply voltage to the counting buses of even and odd pulses, relay for starting the circuit

with a damping diode connected in parallel to the winding, which is in series with a capacitor having a discharge resistance, is connected to the power supply busbars, and a reset key, providing the switching of the supply voltage.

This counter has the following disadvantages.

The reliability of the circuit operation is insufficient due to the de-energizing of the switching relays at the moment of switching the switching contacts of the input relay, including the windings of the switching relays to self-blocking through their own closing contact of the corresponding switching relay

Failure of the circuit in its initial state in the standby mode, during a short-term lottery, followed by a quick restoration of the supply voltage.

0 In this case, at the moment of disconnecting the voltage, all the discharge relays are disconnected, the capacitor of the start-up relay of the circuit does not have time to discharge even with a fast recovery of the supply voltage of the charging current

5 of the capacitor is not enough to turn on the start up relay, as a result of which all the discharge relays, including the first ones, remain off and the circuit is unable to sense the input pulses.

0 If the circuit is used for a multi-decade counter, when the supply voltage is turned off for a time sufficient to fully discharge the capacitor of the start-up relay of the circuit, the supply voltage will be switched on for a short period of time, when the power supply voltage is restored, concurrent input relays for circuits of the corresponding decade

0 senior bit This is perceived by the circuit as a simultaneous arrival of the first pulse for each decade, starting from the second, and will result, for example, when organizing a decimal digital display, to highlight units in all decades, with the exception of the decade of the least significant digit.

With the Persian switching on the supply voltage, the same drawback occurs in the multi-decade counter circuit as in the item Z.

The circuit does not have the memory property: after accumulating a predetermined number of code pulses, in the event of even a brief power interruption, the information is reset.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of work.

The goal is achieved by haem, that in a pulse counter containing n bit relays with first and second closure contact groups, the first terminals of the windings of which are connected to the first power supply bus, (n - 1) converting diodes, an input relay with switching contact the group, the switching contact of which is connected to the second power supply bus, which is connected to the second closing contact groups (n - 1) of the discharge relays, reset key, additionally introduced n two-position switches with the first and second and windings and with closing contact groups, the first terminals of the first and second windings of which are connected to the first power supply bus, the second terminals of the first windings of all two-position switches, except the first, through the first closing contact group (t -1) of the discharge relay (t 2,3,4 ,, .. p) are connected to the closing contact of the switching contact group of the input relay, which is connected to the second terminal of the first winding of the first two-position switch, the second terminals of the second winding of the on-off switches through the key reset connected to the second power supply bus, the second terminals of the windings of all the breaking relays, except the last, through the closing contact groups of the corresponding two-position switches are connected to the second own closing contact groups and the cathodes of the corresponding decoupling diodes, the second output of the winding of the last discharge relay through the closing contact group of the last two-way switch is connected to the second power supply bus, the anodes of the connecting diodes are connected to the breaker at the contact of the switch contact group of the input relay, which after the closing contact group last discharge switch coupled to the second terminals of the second winding-off switches and the output circuits are constructed by slicing open contact respective discharge switch, connected in series with a further relay break contact.

In the described form, the discharge relays operate in a cumulative mode. With n 10, the counter can be used to organize a decade-long decimal counting, s also for organizing code signaling for the (n - 1) -th pulse inclusive, and after the n-th pulse, the circuit returns to its initial state. If it is necessary to organize simply code signaling for the pulses at any n, then the nth decoupling diode is additionally introduced, and by connecting the nth discharge relay, it is carried out similarly to all previous discharge relays, namely: the second output winding of the nth discharge the relay through successively connected make contacts, respectively, of the first contact group of the nth switch and its own second contact group is connected to the second power supply bus; the cathode of the nth decoupling diode is connected to the common point series-connected contacts, the anode n-th diode is connected to the anodes of the remaining decoupling diodes, and a make contact of the first contact group, n-th discharge relay is not used.

In order to reduce power consumption and expand the field of application, disconnecting contact groups to position switches (to 2,3,4 ... n) are added to the device, which are included in the circuits of the discharge relays first through (n - 1) between the corresponding closing contact a group of on / off switches and a junction point for the respective cathode of the isolating diode and the second closing contact group of the discharge relay. In this kind of device, only one bit relay is always in operation, namely, the number of which corresponds to the number of pulses, taking into account the received number of counter bits.

The proposed technical solution meets the criterion of significant differences, since the search process did not reveal other technical solutions with similar distinctive features:

Figure 1 shows a pulse counter circuit with the number of discharge relays n - 10 operating in the accumulative mode; it is also capable of providing a multidigit (with the corresponding number of decades in the proposed scheme) decimal counting. The circuit provides an on state (with the memory of this state when the power supply voltage is restored) of all previous (p - 1) bit relays upon receipt of p pulses up to the complete filling of all bits by "ik" and resetting the memory, which allows the use of the free contacts of these relays as control and interlocking in the automation circuit.

Figure 2 shows a fragment of the counter circuit in accordance with Fig. 1, which provides the de-energized state of all previous (p - 1) discharge relays when the p-th signal arrives - a pulse.

The device contains bit relays 1,2, ... 10 with the first, second, third and fourth contact groups, respectively, 1.1, 2.1 ... 10.1; 1.2, 2.2 ... 10.2; 1,3,2.3 ... 10,3 and 1.4,2.4 ... 10.4, two-position double-bobbin with windings I and II each remote switches 11, 12, .., 20 with the first contact group 11.1, 12.1.,. 20.1, decoupling diodes 21,22..29, input relay 30 with switching contact group 30.1 and reset switch 31. The contacts of the two-position remote switches, by their designation, correspond to the state of these switches after supplying power to winding II. In the diagram, the first terminals of the windings of all bit relays and all switches are connected to the first power supply bus (in the diagram, k). The second terminals of the windings of the discharge relays 1 through 9, inclusive, are connected to the second power supply bus (in the diagram to the + bus) via sequentially connected make contacts, respectively, of the first contact group 11.1. 12.1 ,,. 19.1 the corresponding remote switches 11, 12 ... 19 and their second contact group 1.2.2.2 ... 9.2. Diodes 21.22 ... 29 are connected to the common points of these contacts, respectively, with their cathodes, and their anodes are connected to a common point and through the opening contact 30.1 of the input relay 30 are connected to the second power supply bus. The second output of the last bit relay is connected to the second power supply bus via a serially connected closing contact 20.1 of the last (n -1) remote switch 20.

The second pins of the first windings of each m-ro remote switch (m 2, 3, 4, ... n) 12.13 ... 20 through a series-connected closing contact of the first contact group of the corresponding previous one - 1) -th discharge relay, and The second terminal of the first winding of the first remote switch 11 is directly connected to the common node and through the closing contact 30.1 of the output relay 30 is connected to the second power supply bus.

The second terminals of the second windings of the remote switches are connected to a common node, which through the closing contact of the reset key 3: is connected to

the second bus of the power source, and through the closing contact of the first contact group 10.1 of the last discharge relay 10 is connected to the common point of the anodes of the decoupling diodes. The output circuits of the discharge relays from the 1st to the (n-1) -e inclusively are formed, for example, by the sequential connection of the closing contact of the third contact group of this p-th relay and the opening fourth group of the subsequent (p + 1) -th bit relays respectively. The switching contact 10.3 can be used as an output contact (make contact) of the last nth digit or as

0 input contact (similar to contact 30.1) of the decade of the decimal counter of the next highest decimal place. If there is no need to organize a multi-decade (multi-digit) ten-time count and the circuit is used simply for sequentially decimal counting of the number of pulses, for example, in code signaling circuits from mine working horizons, the circuit may contain any number of variable relay and remote switches. In the second case, the connection of the n-th bit relay about the circuit is carried out according to the same principle as the previous bit relays, its closure contact of the first contact group (in the drawing - 10.1) is not used and the n-th uncoupling diode is additionally introduced . In this case, the second terminal of the winding of the n-th bit relay is through

0 included make contacts, respectively, of the first contact group of the nth remote switch and the second own contact group are connected to the second power supply bus,

5, an additional nth decoupling diode with its cathode connects with to the common point of these contacts, and with an anode it connects to the common point of the anodes of the remaining unions, and as an output

0 of the last n-th bit relay, its closing contact is used,

To perform the device according to the proposed scheme, it can be used: in 5 as bit relays, for example, relay RP-21-004-UHL4 according to TU 16-523-593-80 with four switching groups of contacts, providing the ability to control the inclusion of sufficiently powerful circuits, or for example, RES-22

РХО.450.006 ТУ; as remote switches - relay РПС-20 РСО.452.055. TU; as diodes, any known diodes selected in accordance with the voltage of the power source and the current consumed by the winding of the relay selected as the discharge.

The device shown in the drawing, works as follows.

In the initial state, the supply voltage U is applied to the circuit. All relays are de-energized and the position of their contacts corresponds to the position indicated in the drawing.

When the first impulse arrives at the input relay 30 at the beginning of the impulse, the relay 30 is activated and its closure contactZES.1 closes and the open contact opens. The closing contact of the input relay turns on the winding 1 of the first switch 11, which goes into the second stable state, and closes its closing contact 11.1. than prepares the firing of the first bit relay 1 for switching on. At the moment the input pulse ends, the input relay 30 de-energizes, its closing contact 30.1 opens, and the opening contact closes and supplies power through the isolating diode 21 and the closed contact 11.1 of the switch 11 to the winding of the discharge relay 1. which is activated and its closing contact 1.1 prepares the winding 1 of the second switch 12 to receive the second pulse, and the closing contact 1.2 is set to self-blocking.

When the second pulse signal arrives, a second switch-on of the relay 30 occurs and its closing contact 30 1 turns on the winding 1 of the second switch 12 through the contact 1.1 of the first discharge relay which closes at the end of the first pulse. Switch 12 switches to the second steady state and closes contact 12.1 in the winding circuit of the second discharge relay 2, preparing it for switching on.

At the moment of termination of the second impulse, the relay 30 releases, its closing contact 30.1 opens, and the opening contact closes, applying power to the coil of the discharge relay 2 through the cutting diode 22 and the closed contact 12.1 of the switch 12. The discharge relay 2 turns on and its contact contact-2 .1 prepares the winding 1 of the next third switch 13 to receive the third pulse, and the closing contact 2.2 sets it to self-locking.

Similarly, the remaining pulses are counted up to the ninth inclusive.

When the tenth pulse arrives, the input relay 30 is turned on again. When it triggers, the closing contact 30.1 of this relay closes, resulting in the contact 9.1 of the switch 20 switching on through the pre-closed at the end of the ninth pulse contact 9.1 of the ninth trigger relay 9. in the second steady state. As a result, the closing contact 20.1 of this switch closes and turns on the winding of the tenth of the discharge relay 10, the switching contact of which is 10.3. used as an input in the next decade (similar to contact 30.1 in this decade) switches the first switch of the second decade, which prepares to turn on the first tenth of the second counting decade. The closed closing contact 10.1 of the relay 10 prepares for switching on all the windings II of the remote switches 11,12 ... 20.

After the end of the tenth pulse, relay 30 releases, its closing contact 30.1 opens, and the opening contact closes, applying power through the closed contact 10.1 of the discharge relay 10 to windings II of all remote switches that return to the first steady state, de-energizing all dec 1.2 bit relays 1,2. 10. All bit relays are released and unlocked. In this case, the closing contact 10.1 of the relay 10 cuts off the power supply of the windings of the II remote switches, the opening contact 10.3 of this relay closes the switching on of the first discharge relay of the next decade of a higher discharge, which is set to self-blocking, similar to the first discharge relay of the considered decade after the first counting pulse . At the same time, this decade comes to its initial state and is ready to receive the following input pulses.

After the arrival of the p-ro pulse and the inclusion of the p-th discharge relay, all previous (p-1) discharge relays retain the on state, and the selective operation of the output counting circuits, except the n-th one, is ensured by the sequential activation of the closing contact of the third group of this bit relay with the break contact of the fourth contact group of the next bit relay (if you use only your own closing contact and bit relays in the output circuits, then the output circuits will also be accumulated in the cumulative mode bit relays).

By briefly pressing the reset key contact 31, the reset state is set at the request of the operator, since in this case, power is supplied to all coils II of the remote switches that go into the first steady state (or remain in this state if they were not in the second steady state), providing all the discharge relays and the drive circuit to its original state .

The proposed scheme has the following advantages over the prototype scheme.

The reliable switching of the bit relays is ensured, since the starting pulse lasts from the moment the previous pulse ends to the beginning of the next pulse, i.e. the whole pause time between adjacent pulses, and does not depend on the transfer of contacts of the input or any other relay.

Turning on the relay only when counting and disconnecting all relays in the standby mode, which increases their durability.

After the passage of p pulses, in addition to the corresponding p-ro bit relay, all previous (p - 1) relays remain on with their state restored in case of loss - voltage recovery, which allows their free contacts to be used as control and blocking in the chain of automation.

The absence of circuit failures in the initial state in the standby mode, both for short-term and long-term power supply failures, followed by its restoration, which ensures the de-energized state of all relays in the initial state of the circuit.

The absence of a false counting of the account in any decades, both when the circuit is first turned on, and when the supply voltage is turned on and on in the standby mode, since supplying the supply voltage to the circuit does not trigger its relay.

Saving the information of the previous account for an unlimited time, including storing it at an arbitrarily long non-voltage supply after the end of the account and automatically restoring this information when the power of the circuit is restored.

The latter property is provided by the use of two-position remote switches with memory and suggested connections that ensure their inclusion in the circuit. For example, when six pulses are received according to the scheme of drawing, six remote

switches 11, 12:., 16 are in the second steady state and their contacts 11.1, 12.1 ... 16.1 are in the closed state, and the discharge relays 1,2 ... 6 are

in the on state in the self-locking mode of their windings. In accordance with the switching circuit of the contacts of the discharge relays in the output circuits, the excited (closed) output is the output of the sixth relay, and

0 namely the circuit of contacts 6.3 and 7.4 according to the scheme of the drawing.

In the event of a power supply disconnection, all the discharge relays 1.2 ... 6 and the output circuit of the meter are disconnected, and

5 power supply voltage recovery, the switching on of the relay relays 1.2 ... 6 and the output circuit of contacts 6.3 and 1L is restored due to the fact that the remote switches 11.12 ... 16 retain their

0 the second steady state in the absence of a power supply — the voltage to their contacts 11.1, 12, ... 16.1 remains in a closed state, ensuring the memory property of the circuit.

5 Figure 2 shows a fragment of the diagram.

The device according to Fig. 1, when used only as a pulse counter, ensures de-energization of the discharge relays.

0V, the circuit in fig.2 uses the opening contacts of the second contact group (n - 1) -th remote switch, starting from the second. In this case, the opening contact (p 1) of the remote switch is connected in series to the winding circuit of the p-th discharge relay, except for the last n-th, between the closing contact of the first contact group of the p-th remote switch and the common point

0 of the cathode of the isolating diode and the closing contact of the second contact group of the corresponding discharge relay.

As a result, when applying the p-th pulse, starting with the second, at the moment of its beginning

5, the p-th remote switch is activated, which with its opening contact provides the winding of the corresponding (p - 1) -th discharge relay until the circuit is reset. In this variant of the device in the output circuits of the counter, it is enough to use one make contact of the third contact group of the corresponding discharge relay, which provides a further increase in reliability

5 of operation of the circuit by increasing the service life of the windings of the discharge relays, when the circuit is used only for counting pulses, and also reduces the power consumption of the circuit, since when counting, only one bit relay is switched on the pulse corresponding to this pulse on the account, and when the next pulse is received among the remote switches, the current in the first winding passes, except the next switch, only through the first switch, and not all previous ones, as in fig.1. In addition, the device according to Fig. 2 expands the field of application of the device, since the logic of the operation of the bit relays changes, namely, they operate in a selective, rather than in a positive mode.

The use of the proposed device in the mine shaft signaling schemes for organizing code signaling from the working horizons to the surface will make it possible to eliminate accidents, which will increase the efficiency of the mine operation.

Claims (2)

Claim 1. Pulse counter containing n bit relays with first and second closing contact groups, the first winding pins of which are connected to the first power bus, n - 1 decoupling diodes, the input relay with a switching contact group, the switching contact of which is connected to the second the power bus, which is connected to the second closing contact groups of n - 1 bit relays, has a reset key, which is also distinguished by the fact that, in order to increase the reliability of operation, n two-position switches have been added to it with the first and second windings and with closing contact groups, the first terminals of the first and second windings of which are connected to the first power bus, the second terminals of the first windings of all two-position switches, except the first, through the first one the contact group, m - 1 bit relays (t - 2,3.-4 ... n) are connected to the closing contact of the switching contact group of the input relay, which is connected to the second terminal of the first winding of the first two-position switch, the second terminals of the second windings two-position switches are connected via a reset switch to the second power bus; the second winding terminals of all the bit relays, except the last, are connected via the contacting groups of the corresponding two-position switches to the second own closing contact groups the cathodes and cathodes of the corresponding decoupling diodes, the second terminal of the winding of the last bit relay through the closing contact group of the last two-position switch is connected to the second power bus, the anodes of the connecting diodes are connected to the opening contact of the contact group of the input relay, which through the closing contact group of the last the discharge relay is connected to the second terminals of the second windings of the two-position switches. 2. The counter according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce power consumption and expand the scope of application, it is additionally introduced opening contact groups of k two-position switches (to 2.3, ... n), which are included in the discharge circuit relays from the first to (n - 1) -th between the corresponding on-off contact group of on-off switches and the connection point of the respective cathode of the decoupling diode and the second closing contact group of the discharge relay. , I ... rj W1 FIG.