SU1752224A1 - Method for control of carrot diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is used in agriculture to protect carrots from diseases. Carrot seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of 2,6-dimethylpyridine of 0.005% concentration at a flow rate of 1.5-2.0 liters per 1 kg of seeds, then they are dried and the seeds are treated with a disinfectant - TMTD preparation using a semi-moist pickling method. The proposed method of combating carrot diseases allows to achieve the complete death of pathogens causing alterosis, fomoz, bacteriosis of carrots. 2 tab.

Description

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The invention relates to chemical plant protection agents, in particular, to a method for controlling carrot diseases (alterinary infection, bacteriosis), and can be used in agriculture.

There is a known method for controlling carrot diseases, which includes presowing treatment of seeds with various medicinal preparations, which are fungicides and bactericides.

The drug Tigam, 70% wetting powder. Consumption rate of 2.1-2.8 kg / ton of seed by dv Ldvo - 290 mg / kg. The drug Fentiuram, 65% wetting powder. Consumption rate 3.0 kg / ton of seed by dv Ldzo 400 mg / kg.

used treaters belong to the group of moderately toxic substances. In addition, it should be noted that even with their use, complete protection is not achieved.

plants against disease. When using treaters, the degree of damage reaches 10-30%. The complete suppression of diseases is not achieved, the high potential of pathogens is involuntarily maintained for the subsequent spread of diseases.

The closest technical solution to the problem is the treatment of carrot seeds with TMTD, an 80% wetting powder. LDBO - 400 mg / kg. Knowing all the disadvantages of disinfectants, nevertheless, many agricultural crops in households are treated with an TMTD aqueous suspension using a semi-moist etching method at a consumption rate of about 10 l / t (8-20 l / t), depending on the crop, against the complex of diseases caused by mc on the surface of seeds. Consumption of the drug 2-6 kg / t seVI

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mn In the process of vegetation of plants, new diseases appear, the protective effect of TMTD weakens and the question of the need to use certain fungicides to combat specific pathogens is raised. This ultimately leads to soil saturation with pesticides and environmental pollution.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the carrot disease control method.

The goal is achieved in the following way: carrot seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and then they are dried and the seeds are treated with a dressing agent using TMTD using a semi-wet method. The active compound N-oxide 2,6-dimethylpyridine, formula

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known as plant growth regulator. There are no data on its fungicidal activity in the literature.

In this invention, the active compound enhances the immunity and resistance of plants to disease m.

Example 1: Effect of an active compound on the development of diseases and productivity of carrots. Experience - production. The object of the research is table carrots of the Shantane variety and NIIOH-336, the place of the experiment is the Buntinsky state farm, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region. The soil is peat nick.

Agricultural technology of growing plants according to the generally accepted technology. In the control variant, the seeds are treated (pickled) with a suspension of the TMTD preparation by the method of semi-wet pickling. The consumption of the drug is 6.4 g / kg of seeds per d. Suspension flow rate at the rate of 10 l / t seeds. After the dressing, the seeds are sown in the ground.

In the experimental variant, carrot seeds are first soaked for 24 hours in an aqueous solution of the active compound. The concentration of the solution is 5 mg / l. Solution flow rate 1.5 l / kg seed n. Consumption of the drug is 7.5 mg / kg of seed n. After soaking, the seeds are dried to a good flowability, and then treated with TMTD suspension, as in the control variant. After dressing, seeds are sown in the ground. The final account of the development of diseases is carried out at the end of the growing season.

EXAMPLE 1. In the experiment, a zoned variety of carrots NIIOH-336 was used. This variety is relatively resistant to Alternaria disease. results

the experience is given in table. 1. Due to the use of the active substance in the test case, no plant diseases with Alternaria, fomoses, and bacteriosis were observed. At the same time, in the control delta, the total development of these diseases reached 20%.

Due to the use of the active compound and protravitel, the death of plants in the initial phases of growth was reduced, which resulted

to greater planting density by the end of the growing season.

Due to the complete suppression of the development of diseases and their greater survival, the harvest of root crops on the experimental section

increased by 174 kg / ha (± 38.8%) compared with the control.

The active compound, having increased the resistance of plants to diseases, has shown itself as a chemical immunizer.

Experiment 2. The experiment used a variety of carrots of Shantane. It is zoned in most regions of our country. The variety is relatively poorly resistant to diseases. The results of the experiment are shown in Table. 2

Due to the use of the active substance in the test case, plant disease was not marked by Alternaria, fomozbm, and bacteriosis. At the same time, on the control delta, only alteriariosis is affected.

19% of plants, and only 30% of plants are affected by all types of diseases. Due to the protravitel and the active compound, the death of plants decreased and their survival increased. Planting density has also increased. Due to the complete suppression of diseases and greater survival, the yield of root crops in the experimental area increased by 87.8 centners / ha (± 31.0%). Active compound increased plant resistance to

The disease manifested itself as a chemical immunizer.

Example 3: The fungistatic and fungicidal action of the compound.

EXAMPLE 1. Fungistatic effect

active compound. Activity determination was carried out according to the standard method. Take pathogenic fungi - causative agents of specific fungal diseases of carrots: Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma betae,

Alternaria tenuis. A portion of the substance dissolved in water is calculated into the molten potato-sucrose agar based on the final concentration in the medium from 1 to 20 mg / l, mixed and poured into cups.

Petri. After hardening, the agar is inoculated with pieces of mycelium. After 72 hours of exposure at 21 ± 2 ° C, the diameter of the colonies of the fungus is measured and the growth energy of the mycelium is determined as a percentage of the control using the Abbott formula. An adequate amount of solvent (water) is added to the control plates. The TMTD preparation was used as a dressing agent. The active substance is also tested. In addition, the effect of the mixture of the active substance and the disinfectant is investigated.

Under production conditions, carrot seeds are soaked in a solution of the active substance with a concentration of 5 mg / l. Therefore, for the experience, this concentration is taken as the basis. In industrial conditions, the treater is applied in a huge concentration of 640 g / l. in which all pathogens die. Therefore, we are forced to reduce the concentration of protravitel to close to the concentration of the active substance. It has been established that the active substance in actually applied concentrations is not a fungicide and only weakly inhibits the growth of mycelium. At the same time, the dressing agent, even in low concentrations, appears as a fungicide.

When applied together with a protravitel and an active compound, the fungicidal action of the protravitel weakens. The active substance acts as an antagonist.

Thus, the active substance is not a synergist of the disinfectant and causes a reduction in the disease as a chemical immunizer, increasing the resistance of carrots to diseases.

Experiment 2: Fungitoxic effect of the active compound. Activity determination was carried out according to the standard method, in the spores of the fungus Alternaria tenuis. A drop of a 0.001% aqueous solution of the compounds was pipetted onto a glass slide in a circle engraved with hydrofluoric acid. Then a drop of mushroom suspension prepared in distilled water is applied. The suspension is prepared in such a way that there are 15-20 spores in the field of view of the microscope. Then, in order to germinate the spores, the glass is placed in a humid chamber at 22-25 ° C. Repetition in the experience of 4 times. The benchmark was TMTD. Accounting was carried out every other day and calculated the percentage of inhibition of spore germination, adjusted for the percentage of germination of spores in the control (according to the Abbott formula). The test pattern is similar to Test 1. It has been established that the active substance is not a fungicide, it acts as a protagonist antagonist. On whole plants, it acts like a chemical immunizer.

Example 4: Antimicrobial Action of the Active Compound Activity determination was carried out according to the standard method. As test objects, causative agents of carrot bacteriosis are used: Xanthomonas campestrls, Erwlnla carotovera, Pseudomonas syringae. For the experiments, a series of dilutions of substances in Hottinger broth was prepared, which were inoculated with a daily culture (seeding density of 108 cells in 1 ml). After 24 h of exposure of bacteria with a substance at 37 ° C, from transparent samples, dosed (0.1 ml) sowing was carried out on m-peptone agar (pH 7.4) in Petri dishes. Control cups are seeded similarly without contact with drugs. Incubate for 24 h at 37 ° C and then take into account the growth of microbial cells as a percentage of the control samples. The standard is the TMTD disinfectant. The obtained results indicate that the active compound does not possess an antimicrobial effect, a significant step in the action of the TMTD standard. In low concentrations, the disinfectant acts as a bactericide. When a protravitel and an active compound are used, the pro-tacitant's bactericidal action is weakened. The active substance in this case acts as a typical antagonist.

Thus, the active substance is not a synergist of the protectant and causes a reduction in carrot diseases and can act as a chemical immunizer, increasing the resistance of plants to bacteriosis.

The proposed method of combating carrot diseases allows to achieve the complete death of phyi pathogens causing Alternaria, fomoz, bacteriosis of carrots.

Due to the protective effect caused by the active compound by a chemical immunizer, less death of plants and an increase in the yield of standard fruits by 30-40% is achieved.

To implement the method for 10 thousand hectares, only 375 g of the active compound and 384 kg of TMTD protravitel are required.

The use of the active compound is authorized by the Ministry of Health, the production of the active compound in the required quantities is organized.

The results of the influence of drugs on the development of diseases and the yield of carrot root varieties NIIOH-336 are given in table 1.

The results of the influence of drugs on the development of diseases and the yield of carrot root crops of the Shantane variety are given in Table 2.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of combating carrot diseases, which includes the semi-moist seed treatment with tetramethylthiuram disulfide, is about 0.005% with a solution consumption of 1.5-2.0 liters, in order to increase by 1 kg of seed. effectiveness of the process of suppressing the development of phytopathogens. before processing, the seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of M-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylpyridine with a concentration of 0.005% at a solution flow rate of 1.5-2.0 liters per 1 kg of seed. effectiveness of the process of suppressing the development of phytopathogens. before processing the seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of M-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylpyridine with a concentrate Table I Table 2