SU1749458A1 - Method for dump formation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the construction of dumps on bases with local water bodies, the preliminary absence of which is impossible. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the costs of dumping when dumping rocks with a dumper in the water body and increasing the receiving capacity of the blade while ensuring the stability of clay rocks dumped. Dumping rocks lead rusami. The bottom of the dump is dumped at a minimum safe distance from the reservoir. Move the spreader forward in the direction of dumping. They are dumped in a reservoir by a width that ensures the stable state of the dump rocks. The surface of the predval is formed above the water level, drainage grooves with a slope to the periphery, in which drainage pipes are laid, are formed on its surface. Cover the surface with a pre-waterproof layer. Then pour the bypass valve in a block width, rev-j the width of the berm on the preventer. then the operations are repeated until the reservoir is completely filled with rock. 2 hp ff, 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the construction of dumps on bases with local water bodies, the preliminary drainage of which is impossible.

There is a known method of storage in an external conveyor heap with a prefiber dumped on a weak base. At the same time, a pre-roll is constructed from the same overburden rocks as the dump, and the bottom of the blade is laid a drainage cushion 1.5-2.0 m thick made of coarse sand, gravel or rubble. The drainage cushion is loaded with a preventer with a height of at least 5 m, with an advance in relation to the lower trench equal to twice the width of the approach.

With this advance, the dump is constructed with additional technological equipment, which leads to an increase in costs.

There is also known a method of constructing a heap on a weak foundation, according to which sanding, gravel or rubble is pre-laid on a weak base. Before filling the filter bed in the soils of a weak base, drainage ditches can be made, which are also filled with drainage material. Dumps of the lower Rus are placed on the filtering layer at a height that excludes the deformation of the soils of the weak base. Rus height

Vj

ABOUT

sl with

is determined by calculation on the condition of excluding its deformations.

The disadvantage of this method is that the pre-roll is constructed well above the level of the bottom of the heap (5-6 m). The dump according to the proposed method is equipped with a height of not more than 0.5 m. The tunnel with this method is also constructed with additional equipment. The mentioned drawbacks lead to an increase in the total costs for dumping and preparing a weak blade base.

The lowest way to the proposed method is the construction of a dump on a weak foundation, according to which in the floodplain part of the dump area at the border of the mining allotment a trench (along the dump front) 60-70 m wide for the whole thickness of the weak sediments (0-6 m) is passed. Sand is laid in the trench. The height of the drainage cushion laid in the trench should be 1.5–2 m higher than the level of the earth’s surface to prevent damping of dump rocks on a sand cushion due to capillary raising of water, as well as submerging of dump rocks during the flood period. From the drainage cushion, perpendicular to its contour passes through 30–50 m of ditch adjacent on one side to the drain cushion, and on the other to the external contour of the hydraulic mine dump.

The disadvantage of this method is a large amount of work on the preparation of weak areas of the base due to the fact that the drainage cushion is being constructed (according to the prototype) on the entire area of the weak base, and not on its separate watered areas.

In addition, the preparation of a weak base is made by other (additional) equipment, which also increases the cost of the dumping works. Such a method cannot be used for storing clayey rocks prone to swelling on the basis of dense loam or clay with local water bodies, since it does not ensure the efficient outflow of water from the artificial base during the formation of subsequent inflows of a large dump as horizontal and in the vertical direction. As a result, during the construction of a high dump, the water under pressure from the dumps of the Russ will rise along the pores of the sand upwards and wet the muddy rocks of the lower dump Rus, which, under wetting conditions, will lose their strength properties. For modern high dumps, the thickness of the protective layer of sand 1.5–2 m above the ground level is clearly insufficient, and an increase in the capacity of the sand protective layer will lead to a strong increase in the cost of dumping works.

The aim of the invention is to reduce

the cost of dumping while ensuring the stability of clay rocks, dumped in the dump.

This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of dumping, which includes dumping of drainage rocks in the direction of dumping ahead, dumping the surface of the surface, arranging drainage channels, dumping the tails above the surface of the base, dump the bottom of the blade to a minimum safe distance from the reservoir , then the spreader is moved forward in the direction of dumping of the prefill vessel, which is poured into the reservoir, with a width that provides

0 stable state of dump rocks. After that, the formation is formed before the water level in the reservoir. Drainage grooves with a slope from the middle to the periphery are arranged on its surface;

5 drainage pipes cover the surface with a waterproof layer, and then pour out a block of tail-in locks along the bottom rus, equal to the berm width on the prevention wall. After that, the operations are repeated until the reservoir is completely filled with drainage rock.

In this case, the amount of advance before the approach to the reservoir and when it is filled with sand is determined from the expression

5 b 02.

where bi is the minimum safe distance of the front of the lower rutting dump to the edge of the reservoir, ensuring the stable state of the lower russ of the blade

0 when the front of the waste dump approaches the pond, m;

B2 is the minimum width of the leading predzaval, ensuring the steady state of the lower rut of the blade in

5 period of placing the predval and its base in the reservoir, m.

This goal is also achieved due to the fact that according to the invention, the drain grooves and pipes laid in them for

0 The outflow of water from the bottom of the blade and the bottom shaft under the action of a compressive load increases during the period of dumping of subsequent outlets.

Unknown to date

5 The operation of the construction of the base of the blade and the preserver with the spreader in the process of dumping the blade in areas with local water bodies.

Drainage grooves with a slope from the middle to the periphery are installed on the surface, drainage pipes are placed in them, the surface is covered with a waterproof layer, which guarantees (with a minimum excess of the pre-water above the water level in the reservoir equal to 0.5 m) rocks of the bottom rut of the blade prone when wetted to a sharp loss of strength properties. The presence of a waterproof layer, for example, a polyethylene film, facilitates a more rapid drying of the base of the front layer and the front layer itself than when replacing the waterproof layer with a thick layer of side layer (as provided for in the prototype). This phenomenon is explained by the fact that the water saturating the sandy base of the predval and the predate itself, is squeezed in a relatively small volume, between the bottom of the reservoir and the waterproof layer, cannot penetrate into the pores of the lower trough of the blade and leaves in the drainage pipe before. The output power does not exceed 0.5 m, and the slope of the pipes is 2-3%. At 50% of the porosity of the sands, corresponding to the full moisture saturation of the sandy filling of the reservoir, 50% of the volume of water in the reservoir will be squeezed out. Of the remaining 50% of the volume of water in the pores of the sand under pressure from the side of the blade (above), 30% will be drained using horizontal drainage. Thus, the expected residual moisture of the sand in the buried reservoir will not exceed 20%, which corresponds to its natural moisture in the compacted state.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the production of dumping works during the construction of the lower russ of the blade on the base with local water bodies, top view; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - the burnout of the lower russia of the blade before the beginning of the construction of the base under the predate and the front drive itself.

The proposed method consists of technological operations performed in the following sequence,

With a tail spreader T, with the dump 2 and the receiving 3, the arrows connected with the conveyor 4 of the receiving boom 3 and the dump conveyor 5 form the lower rush of the dump 6 with the bottom dumping on the basis of dense loams or clays 7 until between the lower edge of the lower tusk of the dump 6 and the pond 8 does not establish a minimum safe distance b. After that, the spreader 1 is idled forwards along a distance equal to two intervals b, and sanding is made from sand

prefix 9 (submerged part) to the interval b until the prefrost itself is built (flood part) 10. Then the digester 1 idle moves in the opposite direction to the interval b and. turning the waste boom 2 towards the receiving boom 3 until the minimum angle of approach between them is established, in this position, pile 11 of the parent rock is poured on the back of the blade along the spreader 1. In the same period, grooves are conducted on the surface of the front shaft 10 (grooves are not shown 2) perforated drainage pipes 12 are laid with an inclination of 2-3% from the middle to the periphery of the precalcula 10; the surface of the first block of the precalcum 10 of width b is covered with a waterproof layer 13, for example, plastic wrap. Following this, form the first initial block of the tail-in entry width of b. Further, the cycle of operations for the formation of the base of the prevented 9. the very predaval 10 and the lower russa of the blade 6 is continued in the same order until the reservoir is completely filled with sand above the level by the value of Ah and the lower rut of the blade 6 forms on its surface ahead of

b MaKcfbi, 02}. m

Ah 0.5 m is based on horizontal drainage pipe conditions.

For storage conditions in the lower russ of the dump of Jurassic clays swelling when moistened on the conveyor dump No. 9 of the Mikhailovsky GOK KM A on a foundation made of dense loams with locally located water bodies, the height of the lower trough of the blade is hH 20 m; the angle of internal friction of the Jurassic clays p - 18-20 °; the angle of their repose / 30 °: the angle of the internal friction of the sands of the base of the frontal and the frontal itself, respectively, equal to 19 ° rp and rpn - 24 °; size of adhesion of Jurassic clays C 0.05 MPa. and the factor of stability of the blade is equal to K 1,2.

For the above mentioned source data from the stability conditions of the blade

bt 2 -ha - 0.09-hB2 + he3. m, (1) where he is the depth of the reservoir, m; Ь2 0 18 (hH - Л h) -ctg (45 ° - 0.5-р ™), m (2)

where Ah- the height of the predotal above the water level in the reservoir, m

The width of the working transition of the spreader from the conditions of the formation of the block of waste dumps with one-hundredth of

Kpp Psm ST Tdm

Kor-Sh-hM

m

(3)

where К0р, Кр - coefficients of residual loosening of the rock in the dump and loosening of the rock on the conveyor belt;

psm - use ratio of the spreader;

Qr- theoretical productivity of the spreader, m3 / h;

Meanwhile - the duration of the work shift;

W - width dump dumps, m

Ш - R + е - 0.5В0 - С, m; (4)

R - Ic-cos Oc, m, (5)

where R is the maximum discharge radius of the spreader, m; .

e is the distance of horizontal casting of rock from the end of the dump arm of the spreader;

B0 - spreader stroke width, m;

- C — safety berm (distance from the spreader stroke to the upper edge, filled with the bed), m;

1C - the length of the dump arm of the spreader, m;

The angle of inclination of the dump arrow to the horizon, degrees.

. (Vo.sfnQc +

P

+ VvFsSn2 Oc + 2 -q (Hp - Ь8Я). m, (6)

where Vo is the speed of rock movement along the belt of the dump boom of the dumper, m / s;

q is the acceleration of the earth’s tonnage, q “-9.81 m / s;

Нр - maximum height of unloading spreader, m;

Bb is the height of the upper russia, m (LV R).

When used in the work of the spreader A2Rs В 8800 -110, working at Mikhailovsky GOK, Ic 110 m; At -24.2 m; C - 4 m; V0 - 6 m / s; Hos - 15 °; HP - 3S m; Cor - 1.05; Cr - 1.5; psm - 0.6; Qr - 8800 m3 / h; Topics - 8; NV - 8 m; Ah - 0.5 m; e - 11 m; W-90m.

According to formulas (1), (2) and (3), respectively, bi - 12 m; L2 - 5 m; LZ - 16.5 m; b - mvks 12; 5 -12m.

The width of the step of moving the spreader, when dumping it on loamy (hard) and flooded (weak) bases, is assumed to be 16.5 m.

It is impossible to calculate the economic efficiency of the proposed dumping method in comparison with the prototype by conventional calculation, since the conditions for using the compared methods are completely different in strength properties of the base and the nature of its change within the area of the waste disposal. But if we abstract a little from the conditions of application of these methods and assume that

that, when stacked on a weak base, the prototype will require, for dumping the heap, to build a heap of 5 m high sand and this power of the hedge provides a complete guarantee against moisture penetration into the body of the heap composed of clay rocks that are prone to swelling when moistened, and also assume that the costs the construction of 1 m3 of the front shaft and its base according to the invention and the prototype

will be the same, it is possible to determine the economic effect of the proposed method.

The specific average consumption of sand per 1 m2 of base is; by

prototype Vn - 5 m3 / m2, according to the invention

VH - tyio (Vt + V2).

where J / at - 0.25 - part of the area of the waste allotment occupied by water bodies;

Vi, Va is the specific average consumption of sand from the base of a predval of 1 m of a reservoir according to the invention, the same before the prototype base.

Vi - 7 m3 / m2; V2 0.5 m3 / m2: VM - 0.25 (7 + 0.5) - 1.875 m3 / m2.

The area of the dumps, filled during the year with one AaRs spreader, B-8800-110, is equal to

8i

Qr

X

160850 m2

where Qr is the annual productivity of the spreader (in a dense body), m / g.

Saving operational costs by reducing the amount of work on the construction of the prefate and its foundation in the invention in comparison with the prototype will be

3-SM- (Vn-VM) -y-U-Ce-160850 -3.125 -1.8-7.5 -0.12-814303 rubles / year,

"%

where 1.8 is the volume mass of sand, t / m, Le 7.5i is the distance of sand transportation by road, km; Sa 0.12 - the cost of transporting sand by e-truck dumpers BelAZ-548, rub / t-km.

The application of the proposed method provides a significant economic effect, since VM Vn. If Ui Vn, then it turns out that there is no economic effect.

During the dumping process, it becomes possible for the main dump equipment (conveyors and spreader) to deliver the required amount of soil-forming rocks used later for the land reclamation to the surface.

Claims (3)

Claim 1. Dump formation method, including dumping of drainage rocks into a dump before its width forward and in the direction of dumping the dump, leveling its surface, arranging drainage ditches, dumping the roots of the blade above the water level, characterized in that, in order to reduce the costs of dumping when dumping rocks by the spreader in the reservoir and increase the receiving capacity of the blade while ensuring the stability of clay rocks, dumping the bottom rush of the dump at a minimum safe distance from the reservoir, moving the discharger forward in the direction of dumping -, the formation of the dump rocks, the surface of the pit forms above the water level, on its surface they arrange drainage grooves with a slope from the middle to the periphery, put drainage grooves in them the pipes cover the surface with a waterproof layer, and then pour the block of waste dumps along the lower rus with a width equal to the berm width on the preventer, after which the operations are repeated until the reservoir is completely filled with drainage rock. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein that the surface of the outlet is covered with plastic wrap. 3. The way pop. 1, characterized in that the drainage ditches are expanded as the rock blocks are filled. FIT. one in 9C ABOUT) M about R AT