SU1749318A1 - Method of electrolytic decopperizing of solutions - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: extraction of non-ferrous metals from electrolysis solutions, mainly in the process of electrolytic de-mixing of sulfate copper-nickel solutions. SUBSTANCE: electrolytic bleaching of sulphate copper-nickel solutions is carried out with the introduction of alkyl sulfonate-emulsifier in the amount of 0.045-0.055 kg / m of electrolyte per day.

Description

The invention relates to non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular to the extraction of non-ferrous metals from solutions by electrolysis, and can be used mainly in the process of electrolytic bleaching of copper-nickel sulfate solutions.

Methods are known for preventing the formation of sulfuric acid mist by covering the electrode surface of the electrolyte with polyethylene tubes.

The disadvantage of this method is low efficiency due to the laboriousness of creating a continuous coating of the electrolyte surface and its violation as a result of a decrease in the buoyancy of these objects due to penetration of the solution and fine solid particles (for example, copper debris and sponge in the electrolytic disintegration of solutions) . In addition, waste tubes require the development of technology and the introduction of an additional process to extract the valuable components absorbed by them.

The known method of electrochemical debonding of copper-nickel sulfate solutions, including the introduction of a surfactant into the electrolyte, which is used as an extract of soap root. In order to carry out the process, the soap basket, which is a natural raw material, is steamed in hot water for 24 hours. The soap root extract is injected onto the electrolyte surface at the rate of 0.205 kg / m electrolyte per day.

The disadvantage of the described method is the use of natural raw materials, the reserves of which are limited, the need for its preliminary preparation, high specific consumption and insufficient efficiency: according to long-term observations, the content of aerosols in the air space above the electrolysis baths contains electrolyte 40-60 g / l nickel, is 0.5-0.6 g / mepo nickel.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the sanitary and hygienic working conditions by reducing the concentration of toxic aerosols and reducing the cost of the process.

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ABOUT

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The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of electrolytic blending of sulfate copper-nickel solutions, including the introduction of a surfactant into the electrolyte, the alkylsulfonate-emulsato (volgonate) is used as a surfactant in the amount of 0.045-0.055 kg / m day,

Alkyl ulfonat emulsifier is a synthetic surfactant which is a mixture of sodium salts of isomeric alkylsulphonic acids with the chain length of the alkyl radical Cn-Cis with the general formula R - S020Na in household chemicals.

It was experimentally found that the reagent (alkylsulfonate-emulsifier), when introduced in an amount of 0.045-0.055 kg / m per day in copper-nickel sulphate electrolyte in the process of electrolytic removal of solutions, remaining neutral to all process parameters and process indicators, significantly improves sanitary and hygienic working conditions due to a sharp decrease in the concentration of aerosols of toxic compounds in the atmosphere of the workshop from 0.5-0.6 to 0.04-0.05 mg / m3.

The lower limit of the volgonate consumption is due to an increase in the content of aerosols of nickel compounds from 0.04-0.05 to 0.07 mg / m3 while reducing the consumption from 0.045 to 0.040 kg / m3 day.

The upper limit (0.055 kg / m3 day) is due to the fact that a further increase in reagent consumption has virtually no effect on the aerosol content in the workshop atmosphere.

The method is carried out as follows.

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Electrolytic disintegration of a solution containing 20–70 g / l of nickel, 1–50 g / l of copper and 20–200 g / l of sulfuric acid is carried out with insoluble lead ions and copper cathodes at a temperature of 40–70 ° С and a current density of 180 -220 A / m. Alkyl sulfonate-emulsifier in the amount of 0.045-0.055 kg / m3 of electrolyte per day is fed to the electrolyte bath. Feed

10 alkyl sulfonates are fractional, every 8 hours, in the form of an aqueous solution or paste. The consistency of the alkyl sulfonate does not matter, since when using the paste it is still diluted with electrolyte. Monitoring the content of the amount of aerosols in the air is carried out by the concentration of water-soluble nickel in it, as one of the most toxic elements,

20 PRI me R. In the electrolysis bath filled with electrolyte containing 63 g / l of sulfuric acid, 52 g / l of nickel and 30 g / l of copper, with insoluble lead anodes and copper cathodes every 8 hours

25 serves the solution of alkyl sulfonate-emulsifier at the rate of 0.045 kg / m3 of electrolyte per day. The process of electrodeposition is carried out at a temperature of 65 ° C and a current density of 200 A / m. The nickel content in the air space above the baths is 0.042 mg / m.

Claims (1)

Claims The method of electrolytic bleaching of solutions, mainly copper-nickel sulphate, includes the introduction of a surfactant into the electrolyte, characterized in that, in order to improve sanitary and hygienic working conditions by reducing the concentration of aerosols of toxic substances and reducing the cost of the process, surfactants use alkyl sulfonate-emulsifier in the amount of 0.045-0.055 kg / m3 of electrolyte per day.