SU1736539A1 - Multi-stepped extractor-separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to chemical apparatus for the extraction and separation in a liquid-liquid system and can be used in the chemical, petroleum refining, pharmaceutical and other sectors of the industry. In order to increase the degree of extraction, the body 1 is made in the shape of a cone, the shaft 3 is mounted along the axis of symmetry. . 2 Il.

Description

The invention relates to chemical apparatus for the extraction and separation in a liquid-liquid system and can be used in the chemical, petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical and other industries where the extraction and separation processes of two immiscible liquids are widely used.

A device for multi-stage flow-through extraction of solutes from one liquid phase to another is known in the mixing-separation system, which contains alternately a row of mixing-separation chamber, overflow elements and mixing elements located near diacameras.

The disadvantage of the device is the absence of intensive mixing, and therefore poor-quality extraction, in addition, the waste liquid that is drained contains solvent particles and, conversely, the solvent contains water particles, which is unacceptable by extraction technology followed by separation of water from the solvent.

The closest to the design and construction proposed is an extractor containing a corus divided by partitions into settling sections (chambers) with mixing devices located inside them and gas distribution nozzles with openings, while the mixing devices are made in the form of two concentric nozzles — an external and internal, and gas distribution nozzles located in the lower part of the internal pipe.

The extractor works as follows.

The light liquid through the gas distribution nozzle enters the internal nozzle, and the heavy liquid enters the same way through a tube located inside the internal nozzle. The gas enters the mixing device through the base of the external pipe. With the joint movement of light and

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Heavy liquids from the bottom up inside the external nozzle intensively disperse and mix them with barling gas, which is then collected under the partition of the overlying section. By mixing the liquid further down the annular channel formed by concentric nozzles, it enters the settling zone of the section through base of the external pipe. The droplets of heavy liquid settle in the settling zone and form a continuous layer, from which the heavy liquid then flows into the mixing devices of the underlying section through the tubes, and the light liquid flows through the nozzles into the mixing devices of the upper section.

The main disadvantage of the extractor is that, with stirring due to bubbling with air in the solvent, suspended matter and water appear. The presence of fine air and water when analyzing a solvent containing oil affects the measurement accuracy. Particles (bubbles) of water and air in the IR region of determining the concentration of oil or when determining the concentration of oil in the turbidimers (transmitted or reflected light) have approximately the same absorption effect as the oil particles in the solvent, and this overestimates the measurement results by ten percent.

In addition, with intensive bubbling with air, a suspension of solvent appears in the water, which is discharged, and this is strictly forbidden, since a solvent like CCI4, freon, etc. those used to extract oil from water are highly toxic.

The aim of the invention is to increase the degree of extraction followed by the separation of water from the solvent.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the extractor-separator is equipped with a shaft installed along the symmetry axis of the housing, and a tank filled with silica gel and hydraulically connected through a wall partition to the inlet chamber of the housing, while the housing is made conical, mixing devices are in the form of glasses connected using rocker arms with a shaft, and partitions, glasses and film partitions are made of porous polytetrafluoroethylene.

The location of the shaft along the axis of symmetry at an angle relative to the horizontal with rocker arms, on the ends of which glasses are mounted, ensures the removal of the solvent from the bottom of the conical body, lifting it to the upper part of the body and draining it

to the next cell, etc. The presence of partitions made of porous PTFE, forming chambers in which rockers move (rotate) with cups, provides multi-stage extraction, solvent flow from one chamber to another, and water flow from one chamber to another.

Making glasses from porous polytetrafluoroethylene ensures leakage of the solvent and its intensive exchange with the oil-and-oil mixture, which increases the degree of extraction.

The presence of a container with silica gel and porous PTFE film provides leakage only of the solvent, and the suspension of water is absorbed by the silica gel.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the device; figure 2 - section aa in figure 1.

The device includes a housing 1 with a lid 2 in which the shaft 3 is placed, on which in turn, the rocker arms 4 - 6 are successively fixed on the ends of the glasses (two glasses) of porous PTFE are installed at their ends. Case 1 is divided by porous partitions, respectively 8-10.

0In case 1 there is an inlet

11 for solvent, inlet with valves 12 for an oil-water mixture, outlet for valve 13 for purified aoda, In the lower part of housing 1

5, a tank 14 is fixed, filled with silica gel, the upper part of which is covered with a film 15 of porous PTFE. The container 14 is separated from the housing 1 by a movable partition 16. At the outlet of the container 14 there is

0 outlet with valve 17, above the outlet with valve 12 is installed segment 18.

The device works as follows

5 Pre-tank 14 is filled with silica gel, sealed with film 15, attached to housing 1 and closed with partition 16. Valve 13 is closed and up to 0 solvent is poured through inlet pipe 11 (CFS freon, etc.), after which the drive is activated (not shown ). The solvent fills the lower space of the housing 1, seeping through the partitions 10, 9 and 8, made of porous

5 TPFE, which is wetted with a solvent, and passes through the pores, but water does not penetrate.

The valve 12 of the inlet nozzle is opened and portions of the water-oil mixture begin to flow, which are broken up on the grid 18, and then small water-oil into suspension.

floats through the solvent (spd, solvent weight 1.59 g / cm3, and spd weight of the water-oil sample is about 1 g / cm3). Rotation of the rocker arm 4 provides with the help of the bowls 7 (on the other two rocker arms the glasses of the same design with the same purpose are used) take-up of the dissolver from the lower part of the body 1 (area of the first chamber), lift the solvent and drain it into the second chamber formed between the partition wall - mi 8 and 9. Then the process repeats. The beam 5 with the cups 7, again captures the solvent from the lower part of the corus 1 (the area of the second chamber), lifts it and drops it into the third chamber formed between the partitions 9 and 10. Here the process repeats. After being discharged into the fourth chamber, the solvent is lowered (settled) into the lower part of housing 1 (region of the fourth chamber) and sequentially flows into the third, second, and first chambers (the principle of communicating vessels). Since the cups 7 are made of porous PTFE, only they filled with a solvent rise above the level of the solvent, the latter begins to seep through the walls of the cups 7 and drain into the water in small drops, which causes extraction. The residual solvent in the beaker is discharged into the second chamber, sinks in water and so repeats in each chamber, this causes intensive mixing, and therefore high-quality extraction.

Water-oil to the mixture flows through valve 12 into the first chamber, where extraction is carried out with mixing of the rocker arms. The water-oil mixture overflows with a reduced concentration of oil and is poured into the second chamber, where it is again affected by the solvent, and so on into the third and fourth. In the fourth chamber, there are no mixing organs, which favorably affects the gravitational stratification.

The solvent, which has absorbed oil from water, has fallen from the glasses of the third rocker, is sinking in water, and the water, free from oil and solvent, is drained through valve 13.

At the request of the operator, the drive is turned off, time is given for sludge (gravitational separation of water from solvent), the partition 16 is opened and the solvent seeps through the porous film 15 and fills the tank 14 leaving the slurry in the bulk of the silica gel, and through the open valve 17 of the outlet nozzle for analysis.

Since the volume of solvent filled is known and the volume of missed

water-oil mixture, it is easy to determine the concentration of oil (oil products) transferred to the solvent from the water-oil mixture.

For example, 100 cm3 of solvent was poured into the device, then 1000 cm3 of water-oil mixture was missed. Analysis on the instrument that determines the concentration of oil in the solvent showed. A simple calculation shows that the ratio of volumes: Water-oil to a mixture of 1000 1Q

solvent100

therefore, the concentration of oil in water was 100.

The proposed device can work as an emulsifier. To do this, instead of glasses made of polytetrafluoroethylene, glasses of a similar structure made of metal mesh are fixed. In this case, water-oil is continuously supplied to the mixture through valve 12, rotation is set to the shaft, valve 13 opens and water-to-oil mixture is crushed in each chamber and the kaskzdno is discharged.

The test results showed that the operation of the device in the extractor mode ensures high-quality extraction of water-oil mixtures at concentrations up to 1200 (required by the IMO and the USSR Register) in the temperature range of 10–50 ° C on light and heavy grades of oil and oil products (Arabic oil, gasoline, diesel and fuel oil).

The operation of the device in the emulsifier mode in the duct also ensures that the oil particles in the water are homogeneous in volume and homogeneous in terms of dispersion. Example.

Diameter of the base of the case, mm 100 Height of the case, mm100

Angle of the cone case, 30

Number of rocker arms, piece

Number of glasses (total), pcs, 6

The number of revolutions of the rocker arms, work in the mode of extractor rpm120

work in emulsifier mode rpm1200

Porous PTFE Partitions and Glasses

porosity ratio,% 40

pore size µm80-100

thickness, mm2-3

Compared with the prototype in the present invention, the implementation of mixing devices in the form of glasses, connected by means of rocker arms with the shaft installed in a conical housing, and the implementation of glasses and partitions of porous polytetrafluoroethylene provide an increase

degrees of extraction, exclude the ingress of toxic solvents into water areas due to the complete separation of water from the solvent.

Claims (1)

Claims of the invention: A multistage extractor separator comprising a body divided by partitions into chambers with mixing devices disposed therein, inlet and outlet nozzles, characterized in that, in order to increase 0 degree of extraction, it is equipped with a shaft mounted along the axis of symmetry of the housing, and a tank filled with silica gel and hydraulically connected through a film partition to the inlet chamber of the housing, while the housing is made conical, the mixing devices are in the form of glasses connected to the shaft with rockers, and partitions, glasses and film partitions are made of porous polytetrafluoroethylene. Have /