SU1734846A1 - Device for grinding hard materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the crushing of solid materials and provides an increase in the productivity and quality of crushing materials. The device contains a sealed chamber 12, a housing of the working chamber 10 mounted rotatably around a horizontal axis, a baffle plate 25 a diaphragm 28, an inductor 9 connected to a pair of power electrodes 1

Description

The invention relates to the field of crushing solid materials and can be used in the processing, engineering, pharmaceutical, jewelry and chemical industries for crushing and grinding fragile materials, including harmful, radioactive and precious materials, crystals, aggregations of particles.

A device for crushing solid materials is known in which a working chamber housing is installed in a sealed vacuum chamber, which contains a baffle plate fixed on the inner surface and located opposite the latter auxiliary diaphragm and an inductor connected to a bifig. direct current lead to the capacitive drive and the power switch by means of a detachable contact.

The drawback of the device is that when unloading the working chamber by turning it around the horizontal axis, it is necessary to disconnect the high-current detachable contact of the accumulator and switch from the inductor, which lowers the processing performance taking into account the time of disconnecting the power dimmer and also reduces the reliability of the device and the quality of processing the presence of a detachable contact in the power target pulsed current. Remaining on the surface of the diaphragm, as well as in the fixed part of the body, the material particles do not allow to improve the quality of processing and performance when changing types of crushed materials. To clean the fixed part of the chamber, it is necessary to depressurize it, which further reduces the quality of the material and the processing capacity.

A device for crushing solid materials is known in which the body of the working chamber is rotatable around a horizontal axis and the inductor is connected to a pair of power electrodes installed outside the body of the working chamber and also containing a second pair of power electrodes mounted on

pressurized chamber. The first pair of electrodes connected by a bifilar current lead to a capacitive drive connected to a charging circuit. At least

At least one of the power electrodes mounted on the sealed chamber is provided with an initiation unit. In the known device, a pair of electrodes commute the power current of the inductor and at the same time

provide mechanical separation of mobile and fixed parts of the device. A disadvantage of the known device is the impossibility of cleaning the diaphragm from the fixed part of the working chamber body from

particles of crushed material without depressurization and the connector of the working and vacuum chambers, which reduces the processing performance and product quality due to the environmental impact on the crushable

material. When crushing toxic and radioactive materials, the surrounding space of the device is contaminated, and when crushing precious crystals, cleaning the chamber by the operator

it is difficult to account for and preserve the amount of the product obtained from a given sample of material. When replacing crushed materials by replacing detachable parts with hinges, the proportion of particles of the previous treatment in the weight of the next increases, which degrades the quality of material processing by a known device. In addition, in the known device during the entire time of the flow of power current through the inductor

the current flows through the drive, significantly loading it in power with an alternating damped current, which reduces the reliability and service life of the device.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity and quality of crushing materials.

The goal is achieved by the fact that a device for crushing solid materials, containing an airtight chamber, mounted in it with the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis, is a working chamber case, fixed on the inner surface of the baffle plate and placed opposite the last diaphragm and inductor connected to the outer side of the body a working chamber with a pair of power electrodes, mounted on a sealed chamber opposite the last second pair of power electrodes, connected by a bifillary current-carrying an initiator unit connected to one of the power electrodes of the second pair is provided with an additional initiation unit and a third pair of power electrodes mounted on the sealed chamber of the second pair of power electrodes coaxially and opposedly, while the opposite power The electrodes of the second and third pairs are interconnected by an additional bifil- iar current lead, and one of the power electrodes of the third pair is connected to an additional initiation unit.

To increase the service life of the device, it is equipped with a fourth pair of short-circuited electrodes, mounted on the housing of the working chamber, coaxially and oppositely to the third pair of power electrodes.

FIG. 1 shows a device for crushing solid materials; in fig. 2 - the same in the cleaning position.

The crushing device contains electrodes 1-8. The electrodes 1 and 2 are connected to the leads of the inductor 9, mounted on the inner wall of the housing 10, are located on the outer surface of the housing 10 in its lower part, are isolated from it and form the first pair of electrodes. The electrodes 1 and 2 resist through the discharge gaps, respectively, to the electrodes 3 and 4, mounted on the wall 11 of the sealed chamber 12, forming the second pair of power electrodes. Electrodes 1 and 2 are aligned with electrodes 3 and 4.

Electrodes 5 and 6 are also mounted on wall 11, coaxially with electrodes 3 and 4, respectively, and located opposite to them relative to the axis of rotation of the housing 10, forming the third pair of device power electrodes. The electrodes 5 and 6 of the device are connected by conductors 13 and 14 of a power bifilary current lead 15, respectively, to electrodes 3 and 4, connected respectively by conductors 16 and 17 of a bifilar current lead 18c with a capacitive drive 19, made in the form of a battery of high-voltage pulse capacitors and connected to unit 20 charge, made with the possibility of changing the polarity of the charge accumulator 19. Electrode 3 is provided with a means of initiating

discharge gap, made in the form of a block 21 initiation, which is a low-power plasma injector, the output of which is connected through a narrow curved channel in the body of the electrode 3 with a discharge gap adjacent to the working surface of the electrode 3. Electrode

6 is equipped with a similar block 22 connected by a channel with a discharge gap adjacent to the surface of the electrode 6.

The electrodes 7 and 8, which form the fourth pair, are mounted on a removable cover 23 of the housing 10, interconnected by a penser 24 and isolated from the cover 23.

Electric strength of interconnected gaps between electrodes 1, 3 and 2, 4 in the absence of initiation above the storage voltage of the storage ring.

0 19 from charge unit 20 similarly for series-connected gaps between electrodes 5.7 and 6.8. Since the electrodes

7 and 8 are located opposite to the electrodes 1 and 2 relative to the horizontal axis of the turn of the housing 10, then when it is turned upwards by the inductor part, this condition is fulfilled.

The spacing gaps adjacent to the electrodes 3 and 6 are selected by large spacing gaps adjacent to the electrodes 4 and 5. By equipping the electrodes 3 and 6 with means of initiation, this provides the possibility of extending the range of operating voltages, so

5 as initiation in this case causes a greater change in the electrical strength of the gaps. Expanding the range of operating voltages of the device provides a corresponding expansion of the range of particle speeds and expands the technological capabilities of the device.

Inside the cover 23, the baffle plate 25 and the protective insert 26 are fixedly mounted. The cover 23 is fixed by means of locks 27 on the housing 10, the interface of the cover 23 and the surface of the joint of the housing 10 fit tightly to each other under the force of the locks 27, ensuring that the operating mode is closed volume of working chamber.

In parallel with the working surface of the inductor 9 and the working surface of the plate 25 there is an electrically conductive diaphragm 28 fixed by means of its corrugation

5 in the wall of the housing 10 (in Figs. 1 and 2, this embodiment is shown to the right of the vertical axis of the housing 10).

The diaphragm 28 can be made with a cylindrical part fixed with its edge in the housing 10 and connected through

a corrugation with a flat part above the inductor 9 (on lig. 1 and 2 this embodiment is shown to the left of the vertical axis of the housing 10). In this embodiment, the flange 29 is tightly inserted (ekleena) between the corrugation of the diaphragm 28 and the protrusion of the cylindrical part of the diaphragm

oo zb.

The housing 10 is designed to rotate around a horizontal axis and with the possibility of additional movement of the chamber 1 along the guides 30. The chamber 12 has an understatement beyond the 3--6 electrostatic dose area, made in the form of 3 I articulated with a hermetic sluice. Ameriya 32 noiaun replaceable lids with raw material nazekami and sealed airlock chamber 33 receiving savory lids with the treated material. Chambers 12, 32 to 33, the working chamber of the housing 10IBOg s31 evacuated. The entrances of the bindings 20-22 are connected to block 34 of the averaging unit. On the diaphragm 28 there are 35 parts of the West crushable material.

The operation of the device is advisable to consider. from the moment when the housing 10 is fixed in the lower position, the particles 35 are on the surface of the diaphragm 28, the accumulator 19 is discharged, all the intervals of the condition in an unmatched state, the chambers 1, 32, 33 and the box 31 are evacuated.

Ushoism works as follows:

From block 34 to the input of block 20, a signal is given to charge accumulator 19, while the polarity of the charging voltage is such that the connection to the conductor 16 and the plate of the accumulator 19 has a negative potential connected to the conductor 17 - positive (Fig. 1). drive 19, block 20 stops charging and from block 34 to the input of block 21, a turn-on signal is given, 5 block 21 initiates a gap between electrodes 3 and 1, as a result its electrical strength drops, breakdowns of gaps between electrodes of 4.2 and 1.3 occur. There is a power circuit: the plate of the accumulator 19, the conductor 17to-supply 18, the electrode 4, the gap between the electrodes 4 and 2, the electrode 2, the inductor 9, the electrode 1, the gap between the electrodes 1 and 3, the electrode 3, the conductor 16 of the electrical power supply 18, the other plate of the accumulator nineteen.

The pulsed power current flowing through the inductor 9 interacts with the current induced in the flat part of the diaphragm 28, moving it from the working surface of the inductor 9 with a large pulsed acceleration. The particles 35 are moved by the diaphragm 28 towards the baffle plate 25 at high speed. When the discharge current of the accumulator 19 rises to a value close to the maximum, from block 34 to block 22 a turn-on signal is given. Block 22 initiates the gap between the electrodes 6 and 8, its conductivity increases, there is a breakdown of the gaps between the electrodes 6, 8 and 7, 5, the power current flows through the circuit: electrode 3, conductor 13, electrode 5, the gap between the electrodes

0 5 and 7, electrode 7, jumper 24, electrode 8, the gap between the electrodes 8 and 6, electrode 6, conductor 14, electrode 4, the gap between electrodes 4 and 2, electrode 2, inductor 9, electrode 1, the gap between

5 electrodes 1 and 4 - to electrode 3; In this case, the technological power current during this period does not flow through the drive 19, the energy received when the discharge current increases in the inductor 9, circulates through this

0 circuit before decay. For this purpose, there is no capacitive drive 19, due to which the frequency of the current of this circuit, which is determined only by the inductance of the inductor 9, the scattering inductances of the current leads and their

5 with their own capacitances, significantly higher than the frequency of the discharge of the circuit with a capacitive drive, which allows to increase the efficiency of the system; inductor 9 — aperture 28; and at a given charge energy of the nagopitepe 19, the acceleration of the diaphragm 28 and the speed of particles 35 increase,

Further, the current in this circuit attenuates the diaphragm 28 under the action of the elastic forces of the corrugation and retards and returns to its original position, and the particles 35 continue to move toward the plate 25, which, upon contact with which,

Then all the gaps between the electrodes are deionized and become non-conducting. The particles 35 under the action of the gravitational force move to the flat part of the diaphragm 28, the flange 29 prevents the particles 35 from entering the zone where there is not enough mechanical amplitude

5 movement of the diaphragm 28.

Further processing can be carried out a specified number of times to obtain the desired fraction of the material being crushed. After that, the housing 10 is rotated around a horizontal

0 axis to the unloading position (Fig. 2) and fixed, electrodes 1 and 2 are respectively opposite electrodes 5 and 6 coaxially with them, electrodes 7 and 8 are opposite electrodes 3 and 4, which is ensured by their opposite position relative to the horizontal axis rotation of the housing 10.

In this position of the housing 10, the particles 35 are mainly located on the fender plate 25 under the action of a gravitational force, however this force is small and some of the particles

on diaphragm 28 (due to electrostatic forces for dielectric particles 35, sticking of aggregations of particles, parts of crushing objects, adhesion, etc., depending on the properties of the material being crushed).

From the control unit 34, the input of the unit 20 signals the charge of the accumulator 19, while the polarity of the charging voltage gives a positive potential on the lining of the accumulator 19 connected to the conductor 16 and a negative potential on the facing connected to the wire 17.

After charging accumulator 19 to a voltage corresponding to the energy required for cleaning the non-detachable part of housing 10, unit 20 stops charging and from unit 34 sends a turn-on signal to unit 22. Unit 22 initiates the gap between electrodes 6 and 2, resulting in a breakdown of the intervals between electrodes 5, 1 and 2, 6, the power current flows through the circuit: lining drive 19, conductor 16, conductor 13, electrode 5, the gap between the electrodes 5 and 1, electrode 1, inductor 9, electrode 2, the gap between electrodes 2 and 6 , electrode b, conductor 14, conductor 17, second obk adka accumulator 19. The passage 9 extending through the power inductor current interacts with the induced current in the diaphragm 28, causing its impulse movement from the surface of the inductor 9 with great acceleration. Due to the smaller mass and volume of adhering particles compared to the total amount of material being crushed, the diaphragm 28 is not damped and the pulsed impact force of the inductor 9 causes more pulsed mechanical displacement of the diaphragm and adhered particles with smaller energy than during crushing. At the same time, a high-frequency vibration of the diaphragm occurs at the frequencies of the intrinsic mechanical resonances of the diaphragm 28. Together, these factors result in effective purification. material.

When the current in this circuit rises to a value close to the maximum, from block 34 to block 21, an activation signal is given. Block 21 initiates the gap between the electrodes 3 and 7, as a result, the current flows through the circuit: electrode 6, conductor 14, electrode 4, the gap between electrodes 4 and 8, jumper 24, electrode 7, the gap between electrodes 7 and 3, electrode 3, the conductor 13, the electrode 5, the gap between the electrodes 5 and 1, the electrode 1, the inductor 9, the electrode 2, the gap between the electrodes 2 and b - to the electrode 6. Next, the current is damped, the effect on the diaphragm 28 stops. As in the case of the crushing cycle

for the rest of the time of the operating current pulse, the current through the drive 19 does not flow, the energy that enters the inductor 9 during the rise of the current circulates in this circuit before damping. Absence in

This capacitive accumulator circuit also increases the frequency of the current during the shorting period and the efficiency of the inductor – diaphragm system, which increases the dynamic mechanical loads on the particles and intensifies the cleaning process of the non-replaceable part of the working chamber of the device.

When the device is replaced with a flange 29, which is replaced together with a cover 23, mounted on the insert 26 of the cover 23

0 (on the right of Figs. 1 and 2), only the diaphragm 28 is sufficiently cleaned, since particles deposited on the remaining surfaces are removed together with the lid 23 and no particles remain in the device after removing the lid 23

5 35, which provides the best cleaning conditions.

The embodiment with the cylindrical part of the wall of the diaphragm 28 provides savings when there are a large number of interchangeable tips 23. In the cleaning mode, vibrations from the flat part of the diaphragm spread to the cylindrical part due to the small thickness and great elastic force, which ensures sufficient cleaning of the non-replaceable part of the body 10 .

The cleaning cycles are periodically repeated until a complete cleaning of the non-replaceable part of the housing is obtained.

Then the housing 10 is moved along the guides 30 into the depth of the chamber 12, it leaves the electrode placement area and moves to the box area 31, where it is fixed relative to the guides 30, Locks 27 open and detach the cover 23 from

5 housing 10. The cover 23 while maintaining its orientation is moved down to the box 31, and then into the lock chamber 33 receiving removable covers with processed weights of particles of material.

0

In the box 31, a new lid is moved with a hinge of untreated particles from the airlock 32 of the lids supplying the raw material. The lid is connected to

5 with the housing 10 and secured thereto by closing the locks 27, while the conical surfaces of the housing 10 and the covers 23 center the insert 26 and the rim 29 relative to the corrugation of the diaphragm 28 (Fig. 1, right), the working chamber is sealed during operation.

chambers 12, 32 and 33, as well as in box 31, are not disturbed.

The housing 10 is moved along the guides 30 to the electrode placement area, fixed in the guides 30 and rotated around the horizontal axis, and the particles of untreated material are located on the diaphragm 28. Then the particles are processed.

During processing, the covers with untreated material are fed into the hermetic lock chamber 32, and the covers with the processed material are received from the sealed lock chamber 33, ensuring a continuous cycle of operation of the device.

The proposed solution provides the same polarity on the electrodes 3, 6 and 4, 5 in each of the operating modes of the device, which makes it possible to use only two initiating units for a stable initiation in a given range of operating voltages and to increase the interelectrode gaps adjacent to the electrodes 3 and 6 The provision of means for initiating electrodes, which are cathodes, makes it possible to further reduce the energy required for initiation.

In addition, this eliminates the transposition of conductors 13 and 14 of the power supply 15 and performs it in the form of parallel flat tires with a minimum dissipation inductance, which ensures the minimum value of the voltage drop on the short circuit of accumulator 19 and the maximum rate of current increase in the inductor circuit 9 in cleaning mode.

Reducing the time of flow of current through a capacitive drive and less is necessary for processing energy in each cycle significantly increases the service life of the device. For a given resource, it is possible to increase the pulse energy in each cycle, increasing productivity and expanding the technological capabilities of the device.

Ensuring the cleaning of the non-detachable part of the camera body from particles of crushed material without a connector and depressurization of the working and vacuum chambers improves product quality and processing performance. When crushing radioactive and toxic materials, there is no contamination of the surrounding area.

Claims (2)

1. A device for crushing solid materials containing a sealed chamber installed in it with the ability rotation around the horizontal axis of the working chamber, mounted on the inner surface of the fender plate and placed opposite the last diaphragm and inductor connected to a pair of power electrodes installed outside on the housing of the working chamber, mounted on a sealed chamber opposite the last second pair of power electrodes connected by a bifillary current lead to a capacitive drive connected to the charging circuit and an initiation unit connected to one of the power electrodes of the second pair, characterized in that, in order to increase the performance and the quality of crushing materials, it is equipped with an additional initiation unit and a third pair of power electrodes installed on a sealed chamber coaxially and opposite to the second pair of power electrodes, while the opposite power electrodes of the second and third pairs are interconnected by an additional two-way power supply, and one of the power electrodes The electrodes of the third pair are connected to an additional initiation unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the service life, it is equipped with a fourth pair of short-circuited electrodes installed on the body of the working chamber, coaxially and opposedly to the third pair of power electrodes.