SU1728602A1 - Loose material drier - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to solar-powered dryers for bulk materials, such as bee pollen. Significant differences: the drive of the mixer is made in the form of a flat cylindrical tank 8 filled with a light boiling liquid. A flat ring 9, divided by vertical partitions 10 into compartments 11, covered with a capillary-porous wick 17, connected to capacity 8 and to the atmosphere by means of holes 14 blocked with spring-loaded valves 14, is installed along the periphery of the vessel. 2 Il.

Description

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The invention relates to equipment for the heat treatment of bulk materials and can be used to dry various products, for example bee pollen.

A device for heat treatment of bulk materials is known, comprising a rotatably mounted hollow drum, loading and unloading mechanisms, hot air supply and exhaust pipes, an infrared lamp battery placed opposite the maximum mass concentration of the product when the drum is rotated, and a heating element made in the form of perforated tubes with hollow blades having an autonomous heat agent supply in series into each blade mounted offset from the axis of rotation bar ban against a battery of infrared lamps 1,

The disadvantage of this device is the high energy costs caused by energy losses in the heater and in the pipelines during heating and hot air supply. Significant energy consumption is also associated with the operation of infrared lamps. At the same time, in places where bee pollen is collected there are usually no sources of energy capable of ensuring the operation of such energy-consuming devices that adversely affect the performance. In addition, there is no possibility of using solar radiation capable of drying pollen. This further reduces the performance of the device and leads to unnecessary energy costs.

Also known is a dryer for bulk materials, comprising a cylindrical quartz chamber, heated by infrared emitters, and a device for mixing the material to be dried, driven by an electric motor 2.

However, in this dryer, the heating is carried out by spinless infrared emitters, leading to unnecessary energy and making the device inoperable in places with no sources of electricity. The rotation of the quartz chamber, which provides for shoveling of the bulk material, is carried out by means of a drive from an electric motor. This further increases energy costs. In places with no power sources, this dryer is not applicable.

FIG. 1 shows schematically the proposed dryer: in FIG. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. one.

The dryer for bulk materials contains a heated quartz chamber 1 having the shape of a rotating body, for example a spherical shape, and mounted on a fixed support 2. On the vertical axis of the spherical chamber 1 there are upper 3 and lower 4 openings. The upper opening 3 is intended for loading and unloading bulk material (pollen), as well as for draining the vapor formed during drying. In the lower opening 4 of the chamber 1, there is an o-ring 5, made, for example, of rubber or felt, to prevent material from spilling. The dryer is equipped with a device for mixing the material being dried, made in the form of a shaft 6, to which the mixing blade 7 is attached. The shaft 6 passes through the sealing ring 5 and is located along the axis of the quartz chamber 1. The mixing device is equipped with an actuator made in the form of attached to the lower end of the shaft 6 is a flat cylindrical tank 8 with a diameter greater than the diameter of the quartz chamber 1. The tank 8 is placed under the chamber 1 and filled with a light boiling liquid, such as water. On the periphery of the flat cylindrical chamber 8, a hollow ring 9 is installed, divided by vertical partitions 10 into equal compartments 11. The flat cylindrical container has a branch pipe 12 for supplying a light boiling liquid. Each compartment 11 has an opening 13, communicating it with the surrounding atmosphere. The walls of the holes 13 are directed tangentially to the hollow ring 9. The hole 13 is closed by valves 14 loaded with springs 15, Springs 15 on the other hand are attached to 11 fingers 16 placed inside the compartments 16. The inner walls of each compartment 11 are covered with a capillary-porous wick 17 made, for example, of porous stainless steel, copper, etc. The capillary-porous wicks 17 of all compartments 11 are connected to the liquid cavity of a flat cylindrical tank 8 by means of capillary-porous bridges 18. The shaft 6 is housed in stationary bearings 19. The upper and side walls of the hollow ring 9 and, accordingly, all the compartments 11 can be painted black color for better perception of solar energy.

cocoa liquor (e.g. distilled water, alcohol, etc.). Further, the dryer is placed under solar radiation and pollen to be dried is poured into the quartz chamber 1 through the upper opening 3. The sun's rays pass freely through the quartz walls of chamber 1 and process the product. The spherical shape of chamber 1 contributes to the same passage of solar radiation through the walls of chamber 1, regardless of the location of the sun during the day. The vapor that appears during the drying of the product rises and is ejected through the opening 3 into the atmosphere.

However, for a normal drying process, it is necessary to ensure mixing - shoveling of bulk material. This drives the agitator as follows. When tank 8 is filled with light liquid, it is sucked in by capillary-porous bridges 18. Hence, liquid due to capillary forces is absorbed by capillary-porous wicks 17 of all compartments 11. However, in parallel with heating of the quartz chamber 1, the sun's rays heat the hollow ring 9 with compartments 11. The diameter of the cylindrical chamber 8 and, accordingly, the ring 9 with compartments 11 exceeds the diameter of chamber 1. This ensures that the sun hits the ring with the compartments at the same time as camera 1. The sun hits the surface five compartments 11 causes their heating (especially in the case of dyeing a black color). This heat causes the liquid to evaporate from the capillary-porous wicks 17 of the compartments 11. The vapor fills each compartment 11 facing the sun. However, the evaporation of moisture from the capillary-porous wick 17 causes the formation of capillary forces, which further transfer the liquid from the flat cylindrical chamber 8 by means of jumpers 18. The new liquid supplied to the wicks 17 is again evaporated due to the heat of solar radiation. At the same time, the vapor pressure in compartment 11 increases. This process continues uninterruptedly during the entire time of exposure to solar radiation on the surface of each compartment 11. As a result, in each compartment 11 a pair is formed and its quantity (and, accordingly, pressure) constantly increases. In parallel with this, the vapor pressure is also increased due to its direct heating. The increased pressure acts on the valves 14. When the pressure in the compartment 11 exceeds the force of the spring 15, the valve opens and steam is ejected from the compartment, creating a reactive force for moving the hollow ring 9 and the flat cylindrical chamber 8. More than half of the existing compartments 11 are heated compartments as well

by directing the walls of the openings 13 tangentially to the hollow ring 9, the pairs tearing out of the compartments 11 provide rotation of the chamber 8 with the ring 9 and the compartments 11, as well as the shaft 6 in the bearings 19. In its

In turn, rotation of the shaft 6 ensures the corresponding rotation of the blade 7, which mixes the material during the drying process, which has a positive effect on the drying speed and quality of the dried material. After the drying process is completed, the dried product is poured from the upper opening 3 and a new portion of the product to be dried is loaded into the chamber 1. Device can work

0 continuously in the presence of solar radiation and light boiling liquid in the cylindrical chamber 8.

Thus, in the proposed dryer, the product is dried by

5 solar heat. In this case, there is no need either for any other form of energy, or for constant interference in the drying process of the staff. This ensures the operability of the device using only solar radiation and makes it possible to carry out the drying of the product in places with no sources of other energy. Attendant intervention

5 personnel is required only when loading the material and filling the flat cylindrical chamber with liquid. This improves the working conditions of staff. Dryer imket small performance and frequency of action. However, in places where there is no other type of energy than solar radiation, this can be considered acceptable. Moreover, the amount of bee pollen, at the same time requiring drying, is usually insignificant.

Claims (1)

The invention of the dryer for bulk materials containing a heated quartz chamber 0 in the form of a body of rotation and a device for mixing a dried material with a drive, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency when using sun rays as a cylindrical container with a diameter greater than the diameter of the quartz chamber, a hollow ring is mounted along the periphery of the flat cylindrical chamber divided by vertical partitions into compartments with internal walls covered with a capillary-porous wick connected to the liquid cavity of a flat cylindrical tank by means of Pill weight distribution porous webs and overlapped with the atmosphere through a spring-loaded valve openings, the walls of which are directed tangentially to the hollow stake 1 AA