SU1728057A1 - Suspension of vehicle axle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the transport engineering, in particular, to the suspension of bridges of two-axle agricultural machine-tractor units. The purpose of the invention is to increase the smoothness of the course by reducing the horizontal and vertical impacts on the frame from the balance bridge. This goal is achieved by the fact that the linkage mechanism of the suspension is made in the form of a trapezoidal hinge four-bar, the smaller lower base of the beam-forming wheels, and the upper base fixed on the skeleton. 2 yl

Description

The invention relates to the transport engineering, in particular to the suspension of bridges of two-axle agricultural machine-tractor units (MTA), requiring increased stability of motion and smoothness.

Various vehicle wheel suspension systems, a sprung axle, independent suspension arm on pneumatic and hydraulic pads, etc. are known and widely used. However, due to their complexity and high cost, their use in agricultural engineering is limited.

In MTA structures, the stiffer suspension of the drive wheels and the balanced suspension of the axle driven wheels are most common. These suspensions are simple and do not require special maintenance, but have very low dynamic characteristics. For the balanard suspension, the mounting to the frame of the machine is done by single-point

swivel located in the symmetry plane of the chassis

Such a suspension provides an almost uniform distribution of loads on the wheels of the bridge and does not transmit to the body transverse-angular oscillations, which has a positive effect on the smoothness of the course.

The disadvantage of the suspension, especially in the high-clearance version, is that when one wheel of the bridge hits a roughness, the axis of swing of the bridge and. consequently, the core receives vertical and lateral displacement. As a result of horizontal displacements, the machine acquires an angular velocity relative to the vertical axis, and t e deviates from the specified direction of movement.

Known technical solution (1) (prototype), which provides for the compensation of horizontal displacements of the swing axis of the balance bridge by means of the vertical stabilization of the steered wheels by means of a controlled articulated four-bearing

sl C

The disadvantage of the prototype is that, when an unevenness is hit by the driving wheel and the movement of the controlled bridge on the horizontal support surface, the inclination of the machine core violates the vertical stabilization of the controlled wheels, i.e. on the side of the controlled bridge, the lateral force begins to act, the compensation of which requires the introduction of an additional force element (hydraulic cylinder).

Bearing in mind the inertia of the hydraulic system and the relatively high frequency of changing the irregularities of the microrelief of the floor (for example, the bottom of the irrigated furrows of the cotton inter-row), even with automatic hydraulic cylinder control, it can be assumed that the compensation of lateral forces acting on the skeleton from the controlled bridge when moving by virtue of the microrelief of the floor, this technical solution is difficult to implement. The second disadvantage of the prototype, which negatively affects the smoothness of the course, is sufficiently large vertical displacements.

1 The spruce of the invention is to increase the smoothness of the ode by reducing the horizontal and vertical impacts on the skeleton from the side of the balance bridge.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the attachment of the bapensary bridge to the skeleton is carried out by means of two rocking levers, the upper ends of which are hinged on the crossbar of the frame frame, and the lower ends are fixed on the bridge beam. In this case, the transverse beam of the frame, the beam of the bridge and both rocking levers, in the unperturbed state, form an isosceles trapezoid CEKD with a smaller lower base CD, symmetrical from the symmetry plane of the chassis (line NN),

FIG. 1 shows the suspension scheme (unperturbed state); in fig. 2 - suspension scheme with one wheel running over unevenness.

The suspension consists of a beam 1 of the bridge, which by means of inclined rocking levers

2 hinged to crossbar

3 frames of the skeleton 4. The required transverse rigidity of the suspension is ensured by the inclination of the rocker arms. The optimal ratios of the bases and sides of the formed trapezium are selected graphically, based on the independent (specified) parameters; wheel clearance, maximum difference in height of the unevenness under the wheels of the bridge, etc. In FIG. 2, for comparison, the trajectory of the 0.0 attachment point of the balance bridge is plotted according to the standard scheme. It can be seen that

In this case, the core receives the vertical displacement hM and the horizontal displacement by it. If the suspension is carried out according to the proposed scheme, then the vertical displacement of the core is h0 hM, and the horizontal displacement e0 is close to zero.

Consider the work of the suspension (the wheels of the bridge are absolutely rigid).

When a single wheel hits an unevenness (FIG. 2), the normal soil response increases and the bridge beam 1 rotates around the contact of contact A of the opposite wheel. Since the bridge has the ability to move angularly relative to the core, which is a property of balance, load balancing occurs. on both wheels of the bridge. The points C and D of the articulated joints of the pumping levers 2 with the beam 1 describe an arc around point A, the rocking arms 2 turn clockwise around the joints E and K of attachment to the transverse beam 3 without transferring lateral forces to the core 4, which is held by inertia force and the second bridge. Thus, the lateral displacement of the skeleton e0 tends to O. When the rocking arms are rotated, a force arises that acts on the crossbar 3 in the vertical direction, causing the displacement of the core 4 by the value of h0. As can be seen from FIG. 2, hr h0. Similarly, the suspension works when hitting the depressions of the bearing surface.

Thus, the proposed suspension ensures a reduction in the level of force action on the skeleton when moving along unevenness. This increases smoothness and motion stability.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A vehicle axle suspension, including a hinged four-link, containing a bridge beam, forming one of the four-link bases, two side rocking arms that pivotally connect the first four-link base with the second base, which is in the form of a transverse beam, interacting with the vehicle frame, This is due to the fact that, in order to increase the ride smoothness by reducing the horizontal and vertical impacts on the vehicle frame when driving along the unevenness of the microrelief, the articulated the quadruple is made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid with a lower base, the crossbar is rigidly connected to the frame of the vehicle, and the axle beam with the wheels is hinged to the crossbar by means of rocking arms.