SU1727756A1 - Plant for pumping honey of comb frames - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to beekeeping equipment. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the plant by controlling the process of pumping out fresh and crystallized honey. The honey pumping plant includes a base 1, a tank 2 with a rotor and cassettes 3, a rotor rotating mechanism 4 with a microwave power source 5, waveguides 6, half-covers with antenna waveguide devices 7, micro-search antennas 8, power transformers 9, control unit 10 and the control system 11. The honey frames are installed in the tank 2, depending on the state of the honey, the mode is chosen and the rotor mechanism 4 and the microwave source are turned on. The honey flows to the bottom of tank 2, and then the cycle is repeated. 1 hp f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The invention relates to physics and can be used in the processing sectors of an industrial complex.

A known honey extractor comprising a housing, a rotor with cassettes for honeycombs, an actuator. The operation of this plant is based on the pumping of honey under the action of centrifugal forces. There are also known a number of medogonok using a similar principle of operation.

The general disadvantages of such facilities include: under the influence of centrifugal forces from well-filled so.tov possible from the gap; the need to rotate the somatorams in chordial honey extractors, and as a result, productivity is low; the impossibility of pumping crystallized honey; lack of process control tools.

It is also known a device for producing bee products from honeycombs, using compressed air and steam, and a device for producing bee products from honeycombs.

The disadvantages inherent in this device include: bulkiness; low productivity due to the long duration of heating; the complexity of the equipment and its operation; high energy consumption per unit mass of honey; violation of the biological structure of honey due to its heating; lack of process control tools.

The known structure of the microwave honey extractor for the dissolution and pumping of crystallized honey consists of a tank, a rotor for sotoramk, a microwave generator, a waveguide path and an irradiator in the form of a canted waveguide.

The disadvantages of this device include: uneven distribution of microwave energy in the tank, and, consequently, uneven heating of sotoramok, which leads to a decrease in performance and deterioration in the quality of honey; a significant mismatch between the output of the microwave generator and the emitter - the open beveled end of the waveguide (Cat. U emitter -3), which dramatically reduces the service life of the magnetron; lack of monitoring and control of the technological process, as a result of which excessive energy consumption, overheating of the frames, and maintenance of the installation are real; complete lack of means of electrical sealing of microwave connections and other mechanical connections in the installation, which is a source of microwave energy radiation in free space and potentially dangerous for the staff.

The purpose of the invention is a significant increase in the productivity of the plant, ensuring an optimal thermal mode of heating the sotoramc, achieving a high purity of pumping and preserving the biological properties of honey; ensuring uniform distribution of microwave energy in the tank, good coordination of the microwave generator with the radiating elements, increasing the life of the magnetron, achieving safe operation of the staff, equipping the process with control and monitoring equipment, universalizing the installation (the ability to pump out both fresh and crystallized honey).

The goal is achieved as follows. The introduction of microwave energy into the treatment area of the frame is carried out by a system of four strip antennas fed in pairs through a T-type divider from 2 magnetron generators operating at a frequency of 2375 MHz. Strip antennas excite a circular polarized field in a tank. The matching of the splitter and antennas, as well as their adjustment is achieved with the help of mobile short-circuitors. This ensures a uniform distribution of the energy of the microwave oscillations in the tank, uniform heating of the frame, optimization of the operating mode of the magnetron generator. In the process of dissolving honey, process control is carried out, thereby preserving the biological properties of honey. The analysis showed the absence of the influence of the selected mode of microwave heating on the biological properties of honey. Experiments have shown that the capacity of an installation with a microwave heating system is 300-400 pcs with a radial arrangement of sotoramok. at 1 h, depending on the degree of crystallization of honey, which is 2-3 times higher than the productivity of factory honey extractor (150-160 frames per 1 h at the radial location). The increase in the cost of the honey extractor due to the introduction of the microwave heating system will 3-4 times pay off in one season, and in the course of further operation of the microwave honey extractor, it will replace 2-3 conventional honey extractors in performance.

The drawing shows the structural scheme of the proposed microwave installation for pumping honey from sotoramki.

The installation includes: base 1, tank 2, rotor with cassettes 3, electric motor 4, sources 5 of microwave energy, waveguides 6, half-covers with antenna-waveguide

devices 7, microstrip antennas 8, power transformers 9, control unit 10, process control system 11, drain hole 12.

The installation works as follows.

The printed honeycomb frames are installed in the rotor. Depending on the degree of crystallization of honey, the operating mode of the plant is selected. When working with fresh honey, the engine of rotation of the rotor first turns on, and then the source of microwave energy. When working with crystallized honey, to avoid possible rupture of the combs under the action of centrifugal force, first, the microwave energy generator turns on, which heats the honey to 30-35 ° C, and then the rotor rotates the electric motor, gradually gaining 80-250 rpm.

The absorption of microwave energy by honey and its conversion into heat causes an intense dissolution of honey and, as a result, a decrease in its viscosity. Liquid honey under the action of centrifugal forces is pumped out of the sootramki and flows down to the bottom of the tank 2.

The microwave energy is supplied to the treatment area of the somato frames by means of a microwave generator, a resonator, a waveguide path, a T-type waveguide divider, a waveguide-coaxial junction and a radiator.

The microwave power supply unit includes a stainless steel lid, a brass base, a T-type waveguide tee, a flange, a 90x10 waveguide, a microstrip radiator, a waveguide-coaxial junction element, a fluoroplastic sleeve and a short-circuit rack.

The functional electrical circuit of the installation includes a power source, a time relay, a motor control device, a microwave generator, an electric motor, a weighing device: a control device and a microwave power measurement device.

The device works as follows.

With the help of a timer set the required time of the process. Depending on the position of the switch. Operating mode, the plant can operate in two modes: work with fresh honey and work with crystallized honey. When working with fresh honey, the rotor motor first turns on, and then, as it accelerates, the microwave generator turns on to heat the frame to achieve better pumping purity.

This mode is achieved by means of an engine control device which, when it reaches a certain speed, gives permission to turn on the generator.

Microwave After the completion of the process of dissolving honey, the weighing device sends a signal to turn off the microwave generator. The motor then rotates and frees the frames from the honey residue under the action of centrifugal force. After a predetermined time has elapsed, a time relay trips, shutting down the installation.

When working with crystallized honey, the microwave generator first turns on, which heats the honey to a temperature of 3Q-35 ° C, and then the rotor motor turns on. The further process of dissolving and pumping honey is similar to the previous mode.

Monitoring and measurement of microwave power is done autonomously in both channels. As the primary converters are used microwave thermocouple converters type TPD-008, embedded

directly in the waveguide path between the generator and the antennas. The thermocouple switching circuit is not equidistant, which provides a significant reduction in the error of the mismatch and its independence from the phase of the load reflection coefficient (with, 2 mismatch error 1%). The signals from the thermocouple are summed up and amplified by the operational amplifier, the load of which is

microammeter The graduation of wattmeters is performed using a calorimetric power meter.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for pumping honey from sotoramok, including a tank with a rotor and cassettes, a rotation mechanism of the rotor with a microwave energy source communicated with the emitter through a waveguide path, and the control unit, characterized in that, with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the installation by controlling the process of pumping out fresh and crystallized honey, the waveguide the path is made in the form of two waveguides terminated by a T-type divider placed on the tank lid, and the radiators are made in the form of microwave emitters, each of which is connected to The corresponding shoulder of the T-shaped divider and has a short-circuited rack. 2. Installation under item 1, characterized in that the control unit is made in the form of a time relay, which is connected with the first input of the control system of the microwave source directly and with the electric motor through its control system, and to the third and fourth inputs of the system control of the microwave source are connected to the outputs of the weight measuring unit controlling the measurement of the microwave power and the motor control system. , / ; .v b a V. f . W.