SU1724658A1 - Method of producing biohumus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of organic fertilizers based on the processing of organic wastes from industry by Vermi-culture. The purpose of the invention is to increase the agrochemical efficiency of biohumus. Waste of meat, leather, alcohol-starch industry and processing of fruit crops in equal quantities are placed in piles and worms of the species Eisenia foetida (sav) 1.5-2.0 thousand tons per 1 m2 are introduced, then composting is performed for 20-30 days at a humidity of 60-80% and aeration carried out through straw ducts placed in the composted mass, at the end of the composting, the worms are separated from the compostable mass, the resulting substrate is dried, crushed and sieved.

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of organic fertilizers based on the processing of organic wastes from the industry ve rm l-kultu swarm.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the agrochemical efficiency of biohumus.

Example. The initial raw materials (25% leather, 25% alcohol-starch, 25% of the meat industry and 25% waste from fruit crops) are formed as a collar, around the perimeter of which a 20–25 cm high box is built in, 5–10 cm thick. and a length equal to the length of the collar and the slope of the collar relative to the soil surface is 3-5 °. Water collectors are arranged in the collar, placed on the line of contact of the collar with the soil surface.

and air ducts filled with straw. 1.5 and 2.0 thousand species of earthworms of the species Eisenia foetida (Sav) are colonized. A gradient of 3-5 ° is necessary to drain excess water during irrigation. Smaller slope leads to stagnation of irrigation water in the lower layer of the substrate, increasing its moisture capacity above the optimum, which leads to the escape of worms from this layer. With a greater inclination, it is difficult to carry out the formation and maintenance of the collar both by service personnel and equipment.

To maintain optimum aeration and saturation of the substrate with oxygen in the collar, air ducts are formed during the formation, i.e. spaces without substrate, filled with straw, reed, brushwood, etc., which serve to exchange gases.

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Under optimal conditions of the habitat of this type of worms, they more quickly and with less loss of nutrients in the form of gaseous forms formed during composting, the organic matter of the substrate is processed into humus,

Optimum for maintaining the normal viability of the worms is a humidity of 60-80% of the total moisture capacity that the substrate is capable of holding. In the range of this moisture, moisture is used to moisten the worms' body and form a water film on its surface, which dissolves oxygen in it and in accordance with the biology of the worms the respiration process. Breath of the worm is possible only through a water film on the surface of the body. When the substrate moisture is below 60%, the body of the worm exudes a layer of mucus, forming a protective film that makes breathing difficult and, consequently, the life of the worm, which negatively affects the processing speed of the raw material. With compost moisture more than 80% water displaces the oxygen in it, thus preventing worms from breathing. At the same time, the viability of vermi-culture decreases, and, consequently, the speed of the process of biohumus formation decreases.

  The optimum for the survival of worms is the substrate temperature of 20-25 ° C. Lowering and raising the temperature increases the time from exiting the cocoon to a living weight of 400 mg (i.e., until the period of the highest productivity of the worms). According to the results of incubation of cocoons at different temperatures, the growth of worms from going out of the cocoon until reaching a live weight of 0.4 g is at 180 days, at 120 days, which is conducive to increasing the output of biohumus by increasing the number of worms, their more intensive reproduction and productivity.

With a substrate moisture content of 80%, the worms need about 100 calories per day or 150-160 mg of organic substrate, i.e. 15-16% of the mass of worms. These indicators change according to the change in caloric and 0V moisture. Above these limits, there is a decrease in the need for worms in food, and this, consequently, leads to a decrease in the rate of production of biohumus.

The density of 1.5-2.0 thousand / m2 of individuals (1.5-2 kg / m of biomass) of worms maintains the active state of the age groups and cocoons of worms, which contributes to the maximum use of 0V in the form of

stern. For a period of 25-30 days such density of live biomass of worms provides complete processing of organic waste into biohumus. Lower density

the period of obtaining biohumus, and at a density of more than 2 thousand / m of individuals, the process of running away of worms is observed, i.e. such density causes overpopulation, in which case the productivity of each individual, and

ultimately, the rate of biohumus production remains low.

Based on the optimal population density of the collar, the composting period and biohumus production is calculated. Considering

the daily need of each individual for food, the initial volume of organic raw materials can be processed into caprolites for a period of at least 25-30 days. With a shorter period of time, the amount of produced biohumus decreases accordingly. Since the worms are in the upper layer 0–15 cm during this period, it is taken together with the culture and used to charge a new collar, and the resulting biohumus

dried to 20-25% humidity, i.e. until the state of so-called physical ripeness, when it is well crushed and applied, it is ground and sieved, after which it is ready for use both directly and after 6-1.2 months.

The productivity of the species Eisenia foetida (Sav) was investigated with a population density of 1.5 thousand / m2 of individuals. The total weight of waste 120 kg. The thickness of the layer is 15 cm. The substrate humidity was constantly maintained at 70%, the temperature was 22 ° C. After composting the collar, 28 kg of biohumus was obtained within 28 days. The resulting vermicompost contains organic matter 40-70%, humus

40-45%, total nitrogen 2.1-2.8%, phosphorus 1.8-2.9%, potassium 1.5-2.0%, C: N 9-11 ratio, humic acids 3.6- 4.2% of bacterial flora 4.0-1.06 c.d / g, trace elements Mn, B, Mo, Zn, biologically active substances: growth stimulants, antibiotics, amino acids, hormones. The output of biohumus is 250-350 kg or 50-70 mg / r of dry matter of the raw material per one adult worm per one ton of waste. The time of food in the intestine of the worm is up to 10 h. The degree of assimilation of food in the body of the worm reaches 18% of the total dry mass of the individual.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of obtaining biohumus, including the preparation of the substrate, the introduction of the Neghervyey species Eisenia foetida (Sav). laying it in piles and composting, department biohumus obtained from worms, its industry and processing of fruit drying, grinding and sieving, suitable crops; worms are added to topics that are different. what, with the aim of 1.5-2.0 you s. individuals per 1m2, and increase agrochemical efficiency composting lead within 20-30 biohumus, the substrate is prepared by mixing for 5 days at a humidity of 60-80% and aeration, dredging equal quantities of waste with meat, coagulated through air ducts from malous, alcohol-starch, placed in the composted mass.