SU1720659A1 - Method for producing a fire-extinguishing compound - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to methods for producing a fire extinguishing composition and allows for increasing the fire extinguishing efficiency, reducing the cost and increasing the ductility. The method consists in dissolving bischofite in water and introducing into the solution a mineral additive - loess (loess). The cost of 1 kg of the composition obtained by the proposed method, 0.02 rubles, and the known 0.14 rubles. The plasticity number is increased to 3.61 (0.83 for the known). Consumption of the composition is reduced by compared with the composition of the prototype. 4 tab.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to fire fighting, in particular to the technology of fire extinguishing compositions.

The use of magnesium chloride as a component of fire extinguishing compositions is known.

However, technical magnesium chloride is relatively expensive, so instead of it, they use a cheaper natural mineral bishofit, which is chemically the sixth hydrate of magnesium chloride, containing various impurities in larger or smaller amounts (calcium chloride, bromine, boron, etc.).

A known method for producing fire extinguishing compositions based on bischofite and water, into which caustic magnesite and kaolin are additionally introduced.

The compositions obtained in this way have increased ductility and increased non-visibility.

However, the known method is not sufficiently technological because of the relatively high cost and scarcity of kaolin, which is used as a raw material in the porcelain industry. In addition, kaolin with respect to other clay minerals is characterized by low rates of plasticity, and its fire extinguishing properties are low ...

The aim of the invention is to increase fire extinguishing efficiency, reduce cost and increase ductility.

The above objective is achieved in that in the method for producing fire-extinguishing compositions, including the preparation of an aqueous solution of bischofite and the introduction of a mineral additive into the solution, loess rock (loess) is used as a mineral additive.

Less - is hidden layered. Homogeneous calciferous sedimentary hearth rock of light yellow or pale yellow color. Grains of 0.002-0.05 mm (50-80%) predominate, partially represented by aggregates formed during the coagulation of colloidal and clay particles. Silica, alumina, calcium carbonates, and organic substances are included in the loess composition. In the case of dry mechanical abrasion, the loess is transformed into fine dust, and after wetting into sticky dirt. Loessa grains consist of quartz, feldspar, in less.

ABOUT

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from mica, hornblende, and other minerals, volcanic pep is rich in certain interbeds, which is carried by the wind for hundreds of kilometers from the volcano. Lossa clay particles consist of hydromica, kaolinite, and montmorillonite. Loss porosity is very high 40-55%. In loess rocks, the content of simple salts increases with increasing climate aridity. The calcium carbonate content increases almost linearly from about 2.2 in the taiga zone to 15.5% in the desert zone. The content of gypsum and soluble salts increases dramatically during the transition from the steppe zone to more arid regions. M. In the loess rocks of the forest-steppe and the taiga zone, there is practically no gypsum, then its content increases further to the south. In the steppe zone, the gypsum content is 0.2, in the semi-desert and desert zone, 1.1-1.3%. The amount of easily soluble salts (sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, normal soda, and others) in loess rocks increases from forest-steppe (0.2%) to semi-desert and desert (0.45-1.0%).

The humus content in loess rocks ranges from about 0.05 to 1.2%. The average humus content in the loess rocks of the Russian Plain is 0.52%. In the loess, the content of water-insoluble humus is about 50%, and fulvic acids prevail in the soluble part, Humic acids are mainly associated with calcium.

The range of pH fluctuations in loess rocks is quite large (from about 4.5 40 9.2).

An important indicator is the absorption capacity of loess rocks. Thus, the absorption capacity in loess rocks of the Novosibirsk Priob is 9.5-16.0 mgzv / 100 g of rock. The absorption capacity of the particles of the fraction 0.005t mm is even higher, 43.0- 72.5 mg equivalent / 100 g of rock. For comparison, we note that kaolin minerals have an absorption capacity not exceeding 3-15 mg / sq. .

Calcium predominates in the absorbed complex. For example, in the loess rocks of the Bugsko-Ingul watershed, the absorption capacity is on average 30 mg.eq./100 g of rock, and the composition of the exchange cations is as follows:% calcium 67, magnesium 26, sodium 7.

The trace elements also contain trace elements, although the content of each of them does not exceed .0.01%. The following microcomponents were found in the extracts: lithium. Yu 2-%), rubidium (10 з: 10 2%), copper (2), zinc (3 -10%); strontium (0.01%), barium (3 -10 2%), boron (), fluorine (), sulfur

(0.01-0.5%), molybdenum () bromine (3 x), iodine (2-10J4%), nickel (3).

As noted above, the main rock-forming minerals of loess rocks are quartz, feldspar and calcite. In the loess rocks of the Russian plain, quartz grain amounts to 80% of the light fraction, the content of feldspar is usually 15-20% (rarely up to 30%). Field spars are predominantly represented by orthoclase; plagioclases and microcline are much smaller. The total amount of calcite (and in part, dolomite) does not exceed 10-20%. Of the other

5 components of the light fraction, we note mica, glauconite, gypsum, chalcedony. Mica (predominantly muscovite) in rock fragments contains from fractions of a percent to 1-2%. Light fractions predominate in loess

0 (98-99.5%). The heavy fraction is about 0.5-2.0%. In the heavy fraction, ore minerals are present in a significant amount (on average, 20%): ilmenite, magnetite, and brown iron. Of the non-ore opaque grains, leucoxene is usually found. Weathering-resistant minerals (zircon, rutile, sphene, garnet, anatase, tourmaline) are in the amount of 14-20% or more.

0 Of the minerals of the metamorphic group, kyanite is constantly found (up to 4%). Epididus and tsoisite in the form of poorly weathered grains are in an amount of up to 30%; among amphiboles, whose content reaches 20%,

5, hornblende dominates, actinolite, tremolite and glaucophane occur. The pyroxene content is on average 5-8%; they are represented by diopside, augite, aegirin, hypersthene and enstatite. Apatite, topaz, Brukkit, spinel, Vesuvian, Chloritoid are noted in much smaller quantities. In general, the amount of minerals in the heavy loess fraction can reach 40-50.

5 Clay fraction (0.002 mm) in loess rocks contains in the amount of 5-30%. In nearly every loess sample, there are up to 7–12 clay minerals. Some clay minerals (pyro0 phylite, metagalloisite, sepiolite, etc.) are found in a small amount and not semesterly. The main clay minerals are hydromica, montmorillonite and kaolinite groups, and

5 also mixed-layer images. - 1 mi. In addition to clay minerals, nontronite, quartz, chlorite and other minerals are present ..

Reducing the cost of fire extinguishing compositions in the implementation of the proposed method is achieved due to the fact that loess as a mineral additive is much cheaper than kaolin and caustic magnesite. Stocks of loess are almost inexhaustible, and its cost mainly consists only of transportation expenses.

Table 1 shows the plasticity indicators of various clay minerals. : .... ..-.

Thus, kaolinite is characterized by minimal plasticity indices. In the loess rocks, as already noted above, montmorillonite and hydromica predominate, which are characterized by higher plasticity indices. Therefore, loessa are known, the plasticity number of which is several times higher than that for kaolinite.

Data on the plasticity of the compositions obtained by known and proposed methods are given in Table 2.

The extinguishing properties of the compositions obtained by the known and proposed methods were determined experimentally. In this case, a steel baking tray with a diameter of 560 mm, a height of LLP mm and a volume of 25 liters {with an area of 0.25 m and a wall thickness of 2 mm) was used as a model of the fire. In the baking sheet, 2 kg of dry wood (in pieces no more than 10 mm in diameter) were placed evenly, previously from the surface impregnated with gasoline (class A fire model environment). The test results are shown in table 3.

Thus, at comparable bishofit contents (31-34.9 and 30%), the consumption of a known composition was 1.96-2.02 kg / m, the proposed - 1.77, 1.80 and 1.90 kg / m2 i.e. 6-10% lower ..

Comparative tests of extinguishing efficiency in extinguishing fires B (Table 4) were also carried out.

The known composition is similar to composition 1 in the previous table.

The proposed composition was tested additionally in three modifications:

modification 1 (wt.%): water 30; bistophyth 30; lesss 40;

modification 2 (wt.%): water 20; bistophyth 30; lesss 50;

modification 3 (May.%): water 15; bistophyth 30; loess 55;

Combustible objects: asphalt i-indenkumarononov resin.

Thus, when using the proposed method, the consumption of the composition is reduced by 10-30% compared with the composition of the prototype.

The nature of the increased fire extinguishing ability of mixtures of (water | Bischofit and Loessa is currently not enough

Jasna .. ; . ; ; : V V.y;

However, based on the above developed characteristic of loess rocks, this phenomenon can be associated with the following properties and characteristics: high particle dispersion, complex chemical and mineral composition, high carbonate content, the presence of ethophoric flame inhibitors, complex organic compounds and microcomponents, and also increased absorption capacity.

Invention Formula

A method of obtaining a fire extinguishing composition, which includes dissolving bischofite in water and introducing a mineral additive into the solution, which is also distinguished by the fact that, to increase the fire extinguishing efficiency, reduce the cost and increase the plasticity of the composition, loess rock is used as a mineral additive.

Plasticity indicators of clay minerals

Table 1

Characteristics of the plasticity of the compositions

N ote: composition 1 (wt.%): Water 14.6; bischofite 34.9; magnesite 34.0; kaolinite 16.5; composition 2 (ml,%): water 15.0; Bishofit 30.0; loess 55.0.

Table 3 Consumption of compounds while extinguishing a Class A fire, kg / m2

At (Donbass).

note: used loess breed Nagolny krzh

. Table 4 Consumption of compounds for extinguishing a fire class B, kg / m2

Table 2

Claims (1)

Claim . A method of producing a fire extinguishing composition, including dissolving bischofite in water, introducing a mineral additive into the solution, characterized in that, in order to increase the fire extinguishing efficiency, 40 to reduce the cost of increasing the plasticity of the composition, loess rock is used as a mineral additive. Table 1 Clay minerals ductility Mineral Ductility limit Plasticity number Upper Lower Na - montmorillonite 7.0 0.97 6.03 Ca = montmorillonite ' 1.77 0.63 1.14 Sa illit 0.90 0.40 0.50 Sa - kaolinite 0.73 0.36 0.37 Table 2 Characterization of the plasticity of the compositions Composition H ₂ O Ductility limit The number of plasticity upper lower Composition 1 (known) 14.6 1.32 0.49 0.83 Composition 2 (proposed) 15.0 4.27 0.66 3.61 Note: composition 1 (wt.%): Water 14.6; bischofite34, £ 1; magnesite 34.0; kaolinite 16.5; composition 2 (mol.%): water 15.0; bischofite 30.0; loess 55.0. Table 3 Consumption of the compositions for extinguishing a fire of class A, kg / m ² Content% Q, kg / m ² Water Bischofite Magnesite Kaolinite Loess Known method 15,5 31,0 32,5 21.0  - 2.02 16.0 33.0 33.0. 18.0 - 1.97 14.6 34.9 34.0 16.5 - 1.96 The proposed method 55.0 15.0 -  - 30,0 2.00 50,0 20,0 - 30,0 1.98 45.0 25.0 - 7 30,0 1.94 40,0 30,0  - ' - 30,0 1.90 40,0 20,0  - 40,0 1.92 35.0 25.0 - 40,0 1.90 30,0 30,0 - - 40,0 1.87 30.0 20,0 - - 50,0 1.90 25.0 25.0 - - 50.0. 1.84 20,0 30.0  - - 50,0 1.80 25.0 20.0 - - 55.0 1.88 20,0 25.0 - - 55.0 1.82 15.0 30,0 - 55.0 1.77. I Note: loess rock of the Nagolny Ridge (Donbass) was used. Table 4 Consumption of compositions for extinguishing a fire of class B, kg / m ² Composition Combustible object Consumption of the composition, Q, kg / m ² Composition 1 Asphalt 2,52 Resin 2.71 Maud. 1 Asphalt 2.15 Resin 2.24 Maud. 2 Asphalt 2.00 Resin 2.06 Maud. 3 Asphalt 1.90 Resin 1.96