SU1710979A1 - Seal member - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a power system, to those areas in which shell-and-tube heat exchangers are used with disk-ring or segment-type partition walls; na The purpose of the invention is to increase the visibility of compaction. The sealing element includes a set of interlocking petals placed. on the periphery of the partition, in layers and in a checkerboard pattern, in adjacent spheres, and has an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the casing. New in the device is that the layers of petals are made with an outer diameter varying from layer to layer and are determined from the relation: where D ' is the inner diameter of the case; n - the number of layers nourishes: coke; A is the relative magnitude of the increase in the outer diameter of each subsequent layer of petals of the sealing element in comparison with the outer diameter of the previous layer; selectable depending on the thickness and material of the petals within

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in which skin-; hot-tube heat exchangers, devices with j intermediate partitions of type d-ring or segment-type are used (in power engineering and shipbuilding these are, for example, surface regenerative heaters, water coolers, oils,; seawater, etc., in chemical and petroleum engineering - vacuum condensers, heat exchangers for increasing pressures and; temperatures for different media, etc.).

; Known sealing element.: Cat used in heat exchangers

 zhukotrubnogo type, designed: to eliminate idle (in addition to the heat exchange surface) leakage of the environment, which moves in their buildings through tube bundles. The direction of movement of these media through the beam is created with the help of a system of annular (disk-ring) or segmental re-1: a town, the outer edges of which should as closely as possible adjoin the inner surface of the apparatus. To minimize the gap between the casing and the partition in a series of devices, for example, it is very laborious and expensive. shcha operation on the groove of the inner surface of the housing .;

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Despite the great complexity of this solution, the need to have special equipment for its implementation, the task of compacting these components is not satisfactorily solved.

Quite a few types of sealing elements are known for the node in question, however, they have real restrictions on the field of application, are far from always technological and effective. These include sealing devices, made in the form of rings of rubber or plastic, pressed along the periphery to the annular partitions with special linings. However, such a seal is not applicable in case of elevated temperatures of media and their increased chemical activity (for example, oil coolers of steam-turbine installations of synthetic fire-resistant oils, apparatuses for the petrochemical industry, etc.).

It is also known to have a sealing device for transverse partitions of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, comprising a ring of elastic material with a groove-shaped cross section mounted on the periphery of the partition.

The disadvantages of this device are low reliability, inoperability during operation of the heat exchanger in the high temperature region and the limitation by types of heat-exchanging media (dependence on their aggressiveness).

It is also known to have a sealing device for transverse partitions of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, containing a circumferentially mounted ring of elastic material with a groove-shaped cross section and made up of segments in the form of plate-shaped bent springs. However, this sealing device is quite difficult to manufacture, has gaps at the joints of sections of the cut rings and does not fit sufficiently tightly to the inner surface of the housing, especially if it has ellipticity.

Closest to the proposed. is a sealing device comprising pressure elements and an elastic sealing ring interposed between them with a portion extending beyond the limits of the elements.

The portion of the ring protruding beyond the bounds of the elements is uniformly deformed in the radial direction, with

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This seal is made of multi-layered petals, whose joints are arranged in a checkerboard pattern compared to the next layer.

However, in an elastic sealing ring, which is multi-layered, all layers have the same outer diameter, as a result of which the sealing of the septum from the inner surface of the housing is actually carried out only by pressing one layer of the ring to this surface, since the rest that they all have the same outer diameter, in the working position, they cannot adhere to the inner surface of the body and only provide an elastic effect on this single layer. Because of this, the pressure drop in which this type of seal can work is limited.

In addition, the effectiveness of compaction will significantly decrease (if the casing on the inner surface is not pierced or remains elliptical) due to the fact that local surface defects can appear in a single place of the abutment of the sealing layer. adhered welding wire or dross, rolled defect) that will not reliably overlap.

The aim of the invention is to improve the reliability of the seal.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a sealing element containing a set of petals joining each other, placed on the periphery of the partition in layers and, in a Chess order, in adjacent layers, and having an outer diameter larger than the inside diameter of the casing, the layers of petals are made with an outer diameter varying from layer to layer and determined from the ratio

Dn DK + nA,

where D to - the inner diameter of the casing; h is the number of layers of petals; D is the relative magnitude of the increase in the outer diameter of each subsequent layer of petals in comparison with the outer diameter of the previous layer, selected depending on the thickness and material of the petals within (0.8 - 1.2)% of Dx.

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This provides in the working position at the same time several successively arranged seal contours along the height or length of the apparatus.

When applying a seal of the type proposed, a spring effect is achieved and the outer edges of the membranous-petal type layers are reliably pressed against the inner surface of the housing several times along its length or height, thereby providing a reusable sealing of the outer edges of the annular or segment partitions with the housing that eliminates idle leakage of coolant. In adjacent layers, the joints of the sectors from which they are recruited are arranged in a checkerboard pattern and overlap each other.

With such a seal arrangement, the allowable pressure drop (P, -P2, etc.) between the cavities above and below the corresponding seal (Fig. 1) increases substantially in comparison with the known seal.

In the manufacture of the elements of the proposed seal maintained ratios (Fig. 2-)

,,: D2cD3 ... Dn.

The difference in the size of adjacent diameters should be A, and is chosen depending on the thickness and material of the compaction petals. - In FIG. -k shows the elements of the seals seal assembly in a leather-hot-tube heat exchanger.

The sealing device consists of a sealing element 1, made multi-layered from separate petals, with the help of which a multi-layer membrane is formed around the periphery of the annular partition 2. The diaphragms are secured with overlapping split rings 3, bolts k and nuts 5.

The joints of the petals of the sealing element, in comparison with the subsequent layer, are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, and the outer diameter of the sealing element 1 is larger than the inner diameter of the shells of the heat exchanger 6. At the same time, the outer diameter (В „) of the petals of the sealing element 1 made stupozno changing from layer to layer and can be calculated by the formula

V DK + nA, where DK is the inside diameter of the casing;

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& number of layers of petals; the relative magnitude of the increase in the outer diameter of each subsequent layer of the petals compared with the outer diameter of the previous layer, selected depending on the thickness and material of the petals within (0.8-1.2)% of DK. In operation, the outer edges of the membrane-lobe seal 1, when pressed, press against the inner surface of the housing 6 and create several successively arranged seal loops along the length or height of the heat exchanger (Fig. 2). Such compaction contours are formed on each partition.

The proposed type of seal can be applied to practically any diameters of the body; the petals of the seal, depending on the properties of the washing environment, can be made of carbon and stainless steel, brass, copper, titanium, and other materials, including plastics. Certain combinations of these 0 materials are also possible.

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When using the proposed membrane-petal-type sealing device, idle leakages of one of the heat-exchanging media are eliminated, while simultaneously increasing thermal efficiency and maintaining the removal conditions and. repair of heat exchanger usability

According to the test data, the heat efficiency of the heat exchanger by eliminating leaks can be increased by compared with the sealing elements of other structures.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A sealing element, mainly for annular or segmented partitions of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, containing a set of interlocking petals placed along the periphery of the partition in layers in a staggered order in adjacent layers, and having an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the casing, which also and with that, with purpose; increase the reliability of compaction, the layers of petals are made with an outer diameter that varies from layer to layer and is determined from the ratio Wnu where DK is the inner diameter of the casing; n is the number of layers; And - the relative value increases; the outer diameter of each subsequent layer relative to the previous one, is selected depending on the thickness and material of the petals and is equal to (0.8-1.2) $ to FIG. I FIG. 2 Fm.z Jfl : figl