SU1701649A1 - Method of cleaning natural water from halogen containing organic compounds, petroleum products, synthetic surfactants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the purification of natural waters and can be used in folk farms in the preparation of drinking water. The aim of the invention is to simplify and cheapen the process with a similar degree of purification. In the method of purification of natural waters from volatile organohalogen compounds, oil products, synthetic surfactants, including filtration under aerobic conditions, filtration is carried out through an inert charge with simultaneous air supply with countercurrent water, and purification during filtration is carried out with Pseudomonas and Acinetohacter microorganisms. when the ratio is 1: 2 - 1: 3. As an inert load, expanded clay, shungizite, agloporite, burnt rocks, slags, coke, semi-coke with a particle size of 2-10 mm are used. Filtration through this loading is carried out for 2-3 weeks, and air is supplied in the amount of 2-5 m3 / m3. 2 hp f-ly, 5 tab.

Description

The invention relates to the purification of natural water and can be widely used in folk farms in the preparation of drinking water.

The aim of the invention is to simplify and cheapen the process with a similar degree of purification.

The method is carried out as follows.

Natural water from a surface or underground water source contaminated with volatile organohalogen compounds (LGS), oil products, synthetic surfactants

(SAL) is filtered at a speed of 3 m / h through an inert porous load of 2-10 mm in size. At the same time, water is saturated with oxygen in the air, entering it into the bulk of the load into the countercurrent with water in an amount of 2-5 m / m 3 water,

Not the surface of the grain of the load develops clusters of microorganisms, which in the course of their viability expose LGS, petroleum products, synthetic surfactants to biochemical oxidation. The active mass, which is necessary for cleaning, increases within 2-3 weeks.

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As a load, materials with a rough surface as well as open macropores are used, which makes it possible to preserve fragments of accumulations of microorganisms after the backwashing of the filter. The preservation of microorganisms and their high reproduction rates lead to the rapid restoration of the oxidative ability of the filter. These materials include clay, shungigit, burnt rocks, slag, coke, semi-coke, etc.

The introduction of air into the load i counterflow water increases the mass transfer of oxygen from the air and water. At a specific air flow rate of 2–5 m / m3, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water to be purified is 7 mg / l, which is close to the saturation limit at a water temperature of 15–18 ° C. When the content of dissolved oxygen is on the surface of the charge grains and in the intergrain space Clusters of strictly aerobic bacteria, mainly of the genus Pseudomonas, Aclnetobacter, develop. The process is also carried out with the introduction of bacteria of these genera, and the ratio is 1: 2-1: 3. In the process of ct-ogy of life, strictly aerobic bacteria oxidize even hardly oxidizable contaminants, including LGS, petroleum products1-SALW. When the air flow is less than 2 m ° / m3, it is difficult to evenly distribute it throughout the entire load area, which leads to the appearance of anaerobic zones and inhibition of growth of strictly aerobic bacteria. Air consumption of more than 5 m / m is inexpedient in terms of technological parameters. The introduction of air into the load also contributes to loosening the ze, which leads to an increase in the duration of the cyclical cycle (the time interval between two washes). The increase in the duration of the filter cycle contributes to the accumulation of microorganisms in the load and, consequently, increase the degree of purification.

Loading size 2-10 mm, P sizes smaller than 2 mm in the loading, air cavities are formed, leading to an increase in head loss and, consequently, to the need for frequent washes. With a large nose over 10 mm, the loading surface and the amount of bacterial film decrease, which helps to reduce the degree of purification. The proposed method of purification of natural water from LGS, petroleum products, detergents provides harmless chemical composition of the treated water.

PRI me R 1. Natural water containing, µg / l: LGS - chloroform 300, tetrachloride uperod 15, mp chloroethylene 36,

bromodichloromethane 38, tetrachlorethylene 40; petroleum products - n-heptane 300, n-nonane 400, n-hexane 350, n-octane 250, benzene 160, toluene 125, phenol 100, m-xylene 100, m-cresol

100. O-Xylene 100; A synthetic surfactant of 2 mg / l is filtered through expanded clay or shungizite with a particle size of 5-10 mm at a speed of 3 m / h. Air is fed into the filter loading at a flow rate of 5 m3 / h3 of water. In the process of filtering the biochemical oxidation of these contaminations, the bacteria of the genus Pseodomonas, Acinetobacter existed. The ratio of these kinds of wet organisms is 1: 2. The cleaning effect is,%: L GS - chloroform 95,

5 carbon tetrachloride 95, trichloroethylene 95, bromodichloromethane 80, tetrachlorethylene 95; petroleum products — n-heptane 100, n-nonane 100, n-hexane 100, n-octane 100, benzene 99, toluene 96, phenol 80, m-xylene 84,

0 o-xylene 84, m-cresol 80; ASAF - 80.

The purified water contains, µg / L: LGS - chloroform 15; carbon tetrachloride 0.75; trichlorethylene 1.8; bromodichloromethane 7.6; tetrachlorethylene 2.0;

L petroleum products - n-heptane 0, n-conan 0; n-hexane 0, n-octane 0, benzene 1,6; toluene 5; phenol 20; m-xylene 16; m-cresol 20.0, o-xylene 20.0; ASA - 0.4.

The effectiveness of water purification by the method of biological oxidation by seasons

0 at the maximum content of pollution is presented in Table. one.

PRI mme R 2. Natural water containing, µg / l: LGS - chloroform 21; carbon tetrachloride 1,2; trichlorethylene 4,2;

5 bromodichloromethane 12.0; tetrachlorethylene 6.1; Chloridibrommetzn 8.6; petroleum products — n-heptane 200, n-non-n 300, n-hexane 250, m-octane 100, benzene 50, toluene 50, phenol 50; Surfactant - 2.0, filtered through expanded clay or

0 shungizite with a particle size of 2-5 mm at a speed of 3 m / h. Countercurrent air supply is carried out with a flow rate of 3 m / m of water. During the filtration process, biochemical oxidation of contaminants is carried out by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, the co-ratio of which is 1: 3.

Purified water contains, mg / l: LGS - chloroform 2.3; carbon tetrachloride 0.2; trichporethylene 0; bromodichloromethane 4;

0 tetrachlorethylene 0.8; Chloridibromomethane 3.2; petroleum products — n-heptane 0, n-nonane 0. n-hexane 0, n-octane 0, benzene 5.0, toluene 5.0, phenol | QVG; ASA - 0.5.

The effectiveness of water purification method

Ј biological oxidation by season of the year with the minimum content of pollution is presented in Table. 2

Equivalent cleaning effect from LGS. petroleum products, synthetic surfactants are obtained with the use of other loading sizes of 2-10 mm: burnt rocks, agloporite, slags, coke, semi-coke.

The purification efficiency of the bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter is confirmed by the data presented in Table. 3

Each separately taken strain of the genus Pseudomonas, or any combination thereof, in conjunction with Acinetobacter, provides a purification effect similar to the prototype, a reduction in the energy intensity of purification, and its cheapening.

Single strains or a combination of strains of the Acinetobacter Calcoacetlcus species in combination with species and strains of the genus Pseudomonas provide a cleaning effect similar to the prototype, reduce the energy intensity of cleaning, its cost.

The ratios of the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter 1: 2 and 1: 3 are significant, because with a smaller ratio of these microorganisms, the degree of purification is reduced compared with the prototype (less than 95%). The large ratio of microorganisms presented in the biofilm provides a cleaning effect, but it is not advisable in terms of technical indicators (the duration of the filter cycle, the loss of pressure, etc.).

In tab. 4 shows the comparative data on the proposed and known methods.

The technical and economic assessment of the proposed method with a prototype is given in relation to a water treatment plant with a capacity of 40 thousand m3 / day.

The data presented in Table. five.

Claims (3)

1. Method of purification of natural waters from volatile organohalogen compounds, petroleum products, synthetic surfactants, including filtration under aerobic conditions, which is different in that, in order to simplify and reduce the cost of the process at a similar degree of purification, filtering carried out through an inert charge with simultaneous supply of air with countercurrent to water, and cleaning during the filtration process is carried out by the microorganisms Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter at a ratio of 1-2-1: 3. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that as an inert load, expanded clay, shungizite, agloporite / green rocks, slags, coke, semi-coke with a particle size of 2-10 mm are used, and filtration through this loading is carried out for 2- 3 weeks. 3. Method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, about t of l and h, o-shch and also with the fact that air serves in number of 2-5 m3 / m3. Ratio of the roles of microorganisms Peeudcmonas and Acinetobacter 1j3. That “1: 3. That y 1: 2. and That: 1: 2. Table I  The ratio of the genera of microorganisms Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter is 1: 3. Same 1: 3 Same 1: 2 “Same 1: 2. View I seudomonas aerugincsa eeudomonaa putidai seudomonas ccpatia cinetobacter calcoaceticus Genus Pseudononas ATCC 10145 - CSSR Strain k 142, Dnepropetrovsk from 1956 Strain V 14 MIIIG named after Eriskan about 1987 Strain V 207 IIRI named after Zrizman from 1988 ATCC 12533, -CSSR, 198l Strain U 53 MRIH named after Erysman from 1987 Strain V 136 IIRI named after Erysman from 1988 Strain ATCC V 17759 - Hungary, 1979 Strain of If 38 IIRI named after Erysman from 1987 Strain tf 248 MNIIG im.Erismana from 1988 Genus acinetobacter Strain If 5593 - Czechoslovakia, 1977 Strain G 5581 - Czechoslovakia, 1977 11th place of Moscow City Hospital No. 2, 1983 Strain INIIG them.Zr Sian number 154 from 1987 LGS (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene) Oil products (n-heptane, n-hexane, n-octane, i-nanan, benzene, toluene) SPAV #  Filter loading - activated carbon, filtration rate 3 m / h, ozone dose 2 mg / l, washing 2 times a day, regeneration of loading 1 time per year. Filter loading - inert loading, filtering speed 3 m / h, air consumption 3 m3 / m3, washing 1 time in 2 days Table3 Strain Cleaning effect In combination with any strain of Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus, the purification effect is similar. Table 2) Also Table 1 95 95 100 98 80 Estimated cost of building table 5