SU1684533A1 - Internal combustion engine cooling system - Google Patents

Description

(21) 3884455/06 (22) 15.04,85 (46) 15.10.91. Bul Ms 38

(71) Central Research Diesel Institute and Production Association Ejudizelmash

(72) G.I.Belugin, E.S.Gorbunov, M.R.Petrichenko, M.A.Lehovitzer, (Z.P., Chinese and V.V.Schekin

(53) 621.43-71 (088.8) (56) U.S. Patent No. 3877443, Cl. 123 / 41.08. published in 1975, US Patent No. 3851629, cl. 123 / 41.08, published, 1973. (54) (57) 1, COOLING SYSTEM OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, containing a radiator, a sealed expansion tank and a circulation pump, connected via pipelines to the cooling jacket of the cylinder head and engine cylinders, circulation regulator to form circuits of thermosiphon and forced circulation of coolant, equipped with a circuit switching authority and its actuator, the first channel for connecting to the cooling jacket of the cylinder head, the second channel for connecting to the expansion the tank and the third channel for communication with the jacket of the block by means of an overflow pipe, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency by matching the flow of coolant through the jacket of the cooling of the block and its head with the engine load, it is equipped with a pressure indicator in the expansion tank and a thermostat with the coolant bypass pipe by the radiator, the circulation regulator is equipped with the fourth channel and its contour switching body is made in the form of a body connecting the channels between each other g, the actuator is connected to the alerter pressure in the expansion tank, a fourth channel - to the discharge port of the circulating pump and the bypass conduit - the lowest point unit shirts,

2. The cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the circulation regulator is made in the form of a hollow cylindrical body, and the organ of the pairwise connection of the channels is in the form of a rotary streamlined river train installed on its axis,

3. The cooling system according to PP, 1 and 2, which is connected with the fact that the drive of the circulation regulator is made in the form of a cylinder with a spring-loaded piston that separates the piston space in the cylinder and is connected to the body by pairwise connecting the channels, and the pressure indicator in the expansion channel the tank is in the form of a tube connecting the expansion tank with the cylinder piston over-piston space.

4. A cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotary streamlined partition is installed in the housing of the circulation regulator with a gap, and inside the housing there are stops for limiting its angle, made in the form of bridges separating the circulation circuits from each other .

5. The cooling system according to claims 1 and 3, which is characterized by the fact that it is equipped with an additional tank and a pipeline with a non-return valve, the additional tank communicating with the over-piston space of the cylinder of the control of the circulation regulator and connected to the expansion tank through the pipeline .

The invention relates to machine building, in particular to engine building, namely to liquid cooling systems of internal combustion engines.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the engine cooling system by matching the flow of coolant through the cooling jacket of the unit and its head with the engine load.

Fig. 1 shows an engine cooling system with a circulation regulator, a slit; Fig. 2 shows a circulation regulator with a drive, a section: in Fig. 3 - the same, variant; 4 shows a cooling system with additional capacity, a slit; Fig. 5 is a diagram of the circulation regulator in the first position, when there is no circulation of liquid through the cooling jacket of the unit and its head, the section; 6 is the same in the second position when the circulation of the liquid in the cooling jacket of the block and its head is against free convection; Fig. 7 is the same in the third position, when the circulation of liquid in the cooling jacket of the block and its head is carried out in the direction of free convection; Fig. 8 is the same, in the fourth position, when the maximum circulation of liquid through the cooling jacket of the block and its head in the direction of free convection takes place.

The internal combustion engine contains a jacket 1 for cooling the cylinder head and a jacket 2 for cooling the cylinder block. The engine cooling system contains a circulating pump 3, radiator 4, thermostat 5, sealed expansion tank 6. Pipe 7 connects expansion tank 6c with coolant bypass pipe 8 past radiator 4, in which thermostat 5 is installed, or through radiator 4 to pump 3 inlet .

Additionally, a circulation regulator 9 with a drive 10 is connected to the cooling system to form the circuits of thermosyphon and forced circulation of coolant. The circulation regulator 9 consists of a hollow body 11 connected by a first channel 12 with a jacket 1 for cooling the cylinder head, a second channel 13 with an expansion tank b, a third channel 14 through an overflow pipe 15 with a jacket 2 for cooling the cylinder block and a fourth channel 16 with a pressure the pipe of the circulation pump 3. Inside the housing 11 there is an organ 17 for switching the circuits, made in the form of an organ pairwise connecting the channels 12, 13, 14 and 16 with each other and having

the shape of the streamlined partition closed on the axis 18 can be rotated in the cavity of the housing 11. At any position of the switching body 17 through the cavity of the housing 11, the channels 12, 13, 14 and 16 are paired,

The actuator 10 of the regulator 9 is made in the form of a cylinder 19 with a piston 20 spring-loaded spring 20. The piston 21 is a crank

the mechanism 22 is connected to the axis 18 of the circulation regulator 9.

The over-piston space, formed in cylinder 19 by piston 21, is constantly communicated by pipeline 23 s.

the vapor space is hermetically sealed with a safety valve 24 of the expansion tank 6.

On the axis 18 of the regulator 9, the handle 25 of the actuator 10c can be fixed with a latch 26. There are blind holes 28 and 29 for the latch 26 on the lid 27 of the housing 11.

The circuit switching body 17 is installed in the housing 11 of the circulation regulator 9 with a gap 30.

Inside the housing 11, stops 31 of limiting the rotation angle of the switching body 17 can be installed, made in the form of jumpers separating the circulation contours from each other and sealing the gap

thirty.

The engine cooling system can be equipped with an additional tank 32 and a pipeline 33 with a check valve 34, with an additional tank 32

through pipe 35 communicates with the over-piston space of the cylinder 19 of the drive of the circulation regulator 9 and is connected via pipe 33 to the expansion tank 6,

Expansion tank 6 has a sight

glass 36, which is used to control the change in the level of the liquid, indicated by the arrow hi, and the change in the level of the liquid in the additional capacitance 32 is indicated by the arrow h2.

The system has instruments; on the expansion tank 6 there is a manometer 37, on the first channel 13 a thermometer 38 on the overflow pipe 15 a thermometer 39.

The liquid cooling system is installed on an engine that has a cylinder sleeve 40 with a piston 41 sealed by piston rings 42 in the cylinder block. The engine has a device for feeding

fuel in the working volume of the cylinder sleeve 40, for example the nozzle 43.

The cooling system is filled with a coolant with a boiling point under normal atmospheric conditions of 100-105 ° C, for example water, water mixed with ethylene glycol.

The operation of the liquid cooling system of the internal combustion engine is as follows.

Under the influence of heat produced during the combustion of the fuel supplied by the nozzle 43, the temperature and pressure in the working volume of the engine cylinder 40 increase. Under the pressure of gases, the piston 41 performs a translational motion, with some of the heat from the surfaces of the cylinder head and cylinder liner 40 being heated by the combustion gases is removed by the coolant.

At the start of engine operation, the coolant temperature will be below the boiling point. The pressure in the expansion tank 6 (FIG. 1), measured by the pressure gauge 37, and in the over piston space of the cylinder 19 (FIG. 2) of the actuator 10, communicated by pipe 23 with the expansion tank 6, will be less than the spring force 20 per piston 21. In this case, the crank by the mechanism 22, the circuit switching body 17 in the housing 11 of the circulation regulator 9 is held in its initial position (Figs. 1, 2, 5), in which the cylinder cooling head jacket 1, the cylinder block cooling jacket 2 and the expansion tank 6 communicate with the discharge port circulation pump 3 co respectively, channels 13, 14, 16 and 12 and the circulation regulator cavity 9 in the housing 11.

When the circuit switching body 17 is in the first position, the coolant is circulated in the following sequence (Figures 1, 2, 5).

. The pump 3 sucks coolant from the expansion tank 6 through line 7, thermostat 5, mine | e-4 through pipe 8, and delivers it through the fourth channel 16 into the cavity of the housing 11 of the circulation regulator 9, where the coolant flows around the circuit switching body 17 The second channel 13 enters the expansion tank 6. In the jackets 1 and 2, the cooling of the cylinder blocks and its head does not force the circulation of liquid, but free convection occurs. The most heated layers of coolant, liquid and evolving vapor bubbles from the jacket 1 of the cylinder head through the first channel 12 enter the cavity of the housing 11 of the circulation regulator 9, where they are captured by the flow of circulating cooling

fluid and through the second channel 13 is carried to the expansion tank 6. The colder cooling liquid from the cavity of the body 11 is transferred to the cooling block of the cylinder block through the bypass pipeline 15 via the overflow pipe 15. The direction of movement of the coolant in the circulation controller 9 is shown by arrows in Figures 2, 5.

As a result of free convection

0, the cylinder head and cylinder liner 40 are most economically cooled. The cylinder liner 40 temperature increases over the entire stroke length of the piston 41. The lubricating oil heats up, its viscosity decreases, and the resistance to movement of the piston 41 decreases. Increasing the temperature of the surfaces of the cylinder head and cylinder liner 40 causes an increase in the temperature of the air

0 charge in the working volume of the sleeve of the cylinder 40, which contributes to a better evaporation, ignition and combustion of the fuel supplied by the nozzle 43. As a result, the efficiency of the engine in the initial period of operation

5 is increased.

With a further increase in power and when the coolant reaches the boiling point, the vapor pressure in the expansion tank 6, as measured by the pressure gauge 37 (Fig. 1), increases. At the same time, the pressure in the cylinder 19 (Fig. 2), connected by a pipe 23 with the expansion tank 6, increases. When the vapor pressure in the cylinder 19 is exceeded, the force of the spring 20

5, the piston 21 moves, compressing the spring 20, and using the crank mechanism 22 rotates the circuit switching body 17 from the initial first position to the second position (Figs. 2, 6). With

By this, the coolant circulation direction is switched. The flow switches from the second channel 13 of the expansion tank 6 and is directed along the first channel 12 to the cooling jacket 1.

5 cylinder heads.

When the circuit switching body 17 is in the second position, the coolant is circulated in the following sequence

0 (Fig. 1.6).

Heated to the boiling point, the coolant from the expansion tank 6 through line 7 through thermostat 5. The radiator 4, where the liquid temperature decreases, enters the pump 3 inlet, then pump 3 through the fourth channel 16 is fed into the cavity of the circulation regulator 9, 11 where the circuit switching authority 17 is guided along the first channel 12 to the jacket 1 for cooling the cylinder head. From the jacket 1 of the cylinder head cooling, where the cooling surfaces heated by combustion gases, the cooling fluid are heated, it enters the cooling jacket 2 of the cylinder block, where the cylinder 40 sleeve is cooled, this liquid is heated to the boiling point and through the bypass pipeline 15 and the third the channel 14 enters the cavity of the housing 11 of the circulation regulator 9, from where the circuit switching authority 17 is guided along the second channel 13 to the expansion tank 6. With the second position of the circulation regulator 9 (Fig. 1) the temperature is cooled the supply liquid determined by the thermometer 38 at the entrance to the cooling jacket 1 of the cylinder head will be lower than the temperature determined by the thermometer 39 when leaving the cooling cylinder 2 of the cylinder block ε, which corresponds to the boiling temperature of the cooling liquid at a pressure determined by the manometer 37.

As a result of the circulation of coolant from the cylinder head cooling jacket 1 to the cylinder block cooling jacket 2 against the direction of free convection, the temperature of the coolant and cooling surfaces increase in the direction the coolant moves from the cylinder head to the cylinder block. This increases the temperature of the sleeve 40 of the cylinder 40 and the temperature of the lubricating oil on the friction surface of the piston 41, the viscosity of the oil decreases and the resistance to movement of the piston 41 in the sleeve of the cylinder 40 decreases. Increasing the temperature of the cooling surfaces increases the temperature of the duty cycle. As a result, engine efficiency increases with increasing power.

Released steam bubbles from jackets 1 and 2 of the cooling of the cylinder head and the cylinder block through the first channel 12 enter the cavity of the housing 11 of the circulation regulator 9 (fig.b) and through the gap 30 between the body 11 and the body 17 switching circuits through the second channel 13 enters the expansion tank b and does not impede the circulation of coolant in the cooling system (as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 6b).

The boiling point at the exit from the jacket 2 of the cooling of the cylinder block through the thermometer 39 is maintained automatically by the circulation regulator 9 with the actuator 10 by changing the amount of coolant circulation through the jacket 1 and 2 of the cooling of the cylinder head and the cylinder block by the contour switching body 17 from the first position to the second position, i.e. from free convection, when there is no circulation, until complete circulation by pump 4 (Figures 5, 6).

With further increase in power

the engine increases cyclic fuel supply by the nozzle 43, the temperature of the cooled surfaces of the cylinder head and the cylinder sleeve 40 rises, the amount of heat given off by the coolant increases accordingly, its temperature increases, the vapor pressure in the expansion tank 6 increases. At the same time, steam pressure rises in

the cylinder 19 (FIG. 2), connected by pipeline 23 with the expansion tank 6. Under the pressure of steam, the piston 21 moves, compressing the spring 20, and with the help of the crank mechanism 22 rotates the body

17 switching circuits from the second position to the third position (Fig. 7), in which the fourth and third channels, the first and second channels are communicated through the circulation regulator 9.

When the circuit switching body 17 is in the third position, the coolant is circulated in the following sequence (Fig. 1.7).

The coolant from the expansion tank 6 is heated to the boiling point through line 7 through the thermostat 5, the radiator 4, where the temperature of the liquid decreases, enters the inlet of the pump 3, then

the pump 3 through the fourth channel 16 is supplied to the cavity of the housing 11 of the circulation regulator 9, where the circuit switching authority 17 is guided along the bypass pipeline 1.5 and the third channel 14 to the jacket cavity. 2 of the cooling of the cylinder block. Then, after cooling the sleeve of the cylinder 40, it enters the jacket 1 for cooling the cylinder head, from where it is heated to the boiling point, through the first channel 12 enters the

the cavity of the housing 11 of the circulation regulator 9, from where the circuit switching authority 17 is guided along the second channel 13 to the expansion tank 6.

At the third position of the regulator 9

Circulation of the coolant temperature determined by the thermometer 38 at the outlet of the jacket of the cylinder head, corresponding to the boiling point of the liquid at a pressure determined by the pressure gauge 37, will be higher than the temperature at the entrance to the cooling jacket 2 of the cylinder block, determined by the thermometer 39.

the cylinder block coinciding with the direction of free convection, the temperature of the coolant and the cooling surfaces increases in the direction of the coolant from the sleeve 40 to the cylinder head. When this occurs, the temperature of the sleeve 40 of the cylinder 40 and the temperature of the oil on the friction surfaces of the sleeve of cylinder 0 and piston 41 decrease. The viscosity of the oil does not decrease and the fluid friction of the piston 41 in the sleeve of cylinder 40 remains. A decrease in the temperature of the cooling surfaces of the sleeve of cylinder 40 causes lowering the temperature of the air charge, increasing its density, consequently, increasing the filling ratio and, consequently, to a more complete combustion of the fuel supplied by the nozzle 43. As a result, the efficiency of the engine with ichenii power increases.

The operation of the liquid cooling system in the second embodiment (Fig. 3, 8) is carried out similarly to that described above. The difference is that with a further increase in engine power to maximum with maximum fuel flow through the nozzle 43, the temperature of the cooled surfaces of the cylinder head and bushing increases. cylinder 40, respectively, increases the amount of heat removed by the coolant. Its temperature increases, the vapor pressure in the expansion tank 6, measured by the pressure gauge 37, increases. At the same time, the steam pressure in the cylinder 19 (Fig. 3, 4) connected by pipe 23 to the expansion tank 6 increases. Under the pressure of steam, the piston 21 moves, compressing the spring 20 for a full stroke, and the expansion tank 6 is connected by pipe 23 through cylinder 19, conduit 33. with an additional capacity of 32. The steam flows from the expansion tank 6 into the additional capacity 32 and condenses there. The direction of movement of steam in the drive tO is indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3. The pressure in the expansion tank 6 is controlled by the force of the spring 20 on the piston 21. At full stroke of the piston 21 by the crank mechanism 22, the circuit switching body 17 rotates up to the stops 31 to the fourth position, in which the gap 30 is blocked by the stops 31, and the flow of fluid through the gap 30 stops {Fig .З. eight).

the expense of the latent heat of vaporization increases, without increasing the power of the cooler and the pump. The duration of engine operation at maximum power depends on the volume of the expansion tank 6 and the supply of coolant in it. With a decrease in the level of the coolant by the value of the allowed difference hi (figure 4}

0 the engine power is reduced to nominal, the coolant temperature is lowered, the vapor pressure is reduced in the expansion tank b on the pressure gauge 37, the pressure in the cylinder 19 is reduced, by force

5 of the spring 20, the piston 21 is moved and the release of steam is stopped through the pipeline 33, and by the crank mechanism 22, the loop switching body 17 rotates from the fourth position to the third (FIGS. 3, 7, 8).

0 From the third to the second position, before the engine stops, the body 17 for switching the circuits cannot pass, since (FIG. 7 and 6), in this gap, the direction of movement of the cooling circuit changes

5 fluid, and hence the position in which there is no circulation. As soon as the power decreases and the vapor pressure in the expansion tank 6 decreases, the circuit switching body 17 under the force of the spring 20 and the crank mechanism 22 begins to rotate towards the second position of the circulation of the liquid through the cooling shirts 1 and 2 and the cylinder head

5 begins to rise, the steam pressure rises, and the rotation of the switching body 17 is stopped. Depending on the engine power, the circulation flow of the coolant is regulated.

0 through jackets 1 and 2 of the cooling of the cylinder block and its head without changing the circulation by pump 3 (Fig. 4).

Thus, from the idling to maximum power, the engine maintains the boiling point of the coolant at the engine outlet and provides a higher engine efficiency than the engine with a known liquid cooling system.

0 After stopping the engine, the coolant temperature decreases during cooling, below the boiling point, and the steam in the expansion tank 6 condenses. The pressure in the expansion tank 6 becomes below atmospheric. Under atmospheric pressure, the cooling liquid from the additional tank 32 through pipelines 34 and 23 through the check valve 35 flows into the expansion tank 6 to the original level. Fluid level

in the expansion tank 6 is controlled by the viewing glass 36. As a result, the flow of coolant to evaporation is compensated for by condensate.

In the variant (Fig. 2, 3) of the liquid cooling system with the handle 25 of the actuator 10 of the circulation regulator 9, the operation of the system is carried out similarly to that described above. The difference is that instead of the automatic control, the controller

Circulation is controlled manually, regardless of the pressure in the expansion tank 6. At the same time, according to the engine operating mode and its temperature state determined by thermometers 38 and 39, the handle 25 is set to one of the selected positions of the circulation regulator 9: first , second, third or fourth. Then, the handle 25 is secured with the latch 26 into the corresponding blind hole 28, 29 of the cover 27 (FIG. 2).

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