SU1676850A1 - Self-locking vehicle differential - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in vehicle transmissions. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design and increase reliability. The vehicle self-locking differential contains semi-axle gears 2, 3 installed in the housing 1, which are engaged with the satellites 4, 5 mounted on the carrier 6, which is kinematically connected with the housing. The carrier 6 is fixed by the ends in the housing 1 and is in contact with the hole of each satellite on a surface located at a distance from the symmetry plane of the differential, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the axle gears and crossing the said axis at a right angle at the center of the differential, and the contact is the holes of the satellites diametrically located on it occur on different sides of the said plane. 2 h. the item of f-ly, 8 ill.

Description

This invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in vehicle transmissions.

The aim of the invention is to simplify the design and increase reliability.

FIG. Figure 1 shows a self-locking differential, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 - the same, in cross section; in fig. 3 is a section A-A in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 - drove, side view; in fig. 5 - the same plan view; in fig. 6 - the same, side view, embodiment; in fig. 7 - the same, plan view, embodiment; in fig. 8 - kinematic scheme of the differential.

The vehicle self-locking differential includes a housing 1, axial gears 2 and 3 coaxially arranged in the housing 1, which are engaged with the satellites 4 and 5, mounted rotatably on the carrier 6 connected to the housing 1.

The carrier 6 is a cylindrical axis fixed by the ends in the housing 1, the axis is fixed by means of pins 7 or by another known method, the longitudinal axis of the carrier 6 being aligned with the center O of the differential (Fig. 1-3).

The carrier 6 is in contact with the hole 6 of each satellite 4 and 5, one surface 9 is located at a distance e from the plane of symmetry of the differential, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the axle gears 2, 3, and crosses this axis at a right angle at the center of the differential O. The contact of carrier 6 with openings 8 of two satellites 4, 5 occurs on opposite sides of the said plane.

The carrier b has recesses 10 which are made on it at the mating points with holes 8 of the satellites 4, 5. These recesses 10 are located on both sides of the symmetry plane of the differential, aligned with the axis of rotation of the half-axle gears 2 and 3,

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traversing the longitudinal axis of the carrier 6 at a right angle (Fig. 4 and 5).

The recesses 10 are formed on the carrier 6 by two planes 11, parallel to the plane of the QKOCTH symmetry of the differential, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the semi-axial | 2, 3 and intersecting the aforementioned (at right angles. The recesses 10 form surfaces 9 on the carrier 6, which are in contact with the opening 8 of the satellites 4 and 5.

In the embodiment of the differential, the recesses 10 of the carrier 12 (FIGS. 6 and 7) at the Contact points with the hole 8 of the satellites 4 and 5 are formed by two cylindrical Surfaces 13, the axis of each surface J13 is offset by the value of ei relative to the Symmetry Plane of the differential, perpendicular the axis of rotation of the axle gears 2, 3 and intersecting said axis at a right angle.

FIG. Figure 8 shows the kinematic scheme and the applied forces and moments acting in the plane of rotation of the satellites 4, 5 and determining their equilibrium. In the kinematic scheme, the interaction of satellites 4, 5 with semi-axial gears 2, 3 is shown as a system of two levers interconnected by two moving links. The balance of levers is determined by two axes of equilibrium, located one at each link with offset I relative to the center of the levers. i The diagram shows:

P1o, P2o is the force component of the transmission torque applied to satellite 4, 5 through surface 9 of the carrier 6;

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Р к, К к - power components of rolling resistance moments, applied to satellite 4, 5 through half-axle gears 2 and 3;

li, I2 - the distance between the teeth of the teeth of the satellite engagement 4,5- semi-axial gears 2, 3 and the surface 9 of the carrier 6,

li R-r Cosa; 12 R t-r-cos a, where R is the radius of the satellites 4, 5 along the initial circumference of the teeth (average);

P - radius drove 6;

a is the angle formed by the line connecting the midpoint of the surface 9 of the carrier 6 with the plane of symmetry of the differential, aligned with the axis of rotation of the half-axle gears 2, 3 and the longitudinal axis of the carrier 6 (Fig. 3).

Mk, Mk is the torque on the satellite 4, 5 in the plane of their rotation from the forces P to the surface 9.

MT is the transmission torque applied to the differential.

Such an embodiment of carrier 6 makes it possible to apply forces. Pk to satellite 4 and 5 about the axis of equilibrium, in particular, surface 9 of carrier 6 at different distances I, la, whose magnitude is always constant, and the equilibrium of satellite 4 and 5 is determined by the ratio of forces Pk and app two

0 surfaces 9 drove 6 relative to the longitudinal axis of the satellite 4 and 5.

The vehicle self-locking differential works as follows.

5When the vehicle is moving,

when the conditions of adhesion of both driving wheels to the road are the same, i.e., the torque of the transmission is transmitted through the housing 1, the surface 9 of the carrier 6, the holes

0 8 for each satellite 4, 5 and further through semi-axial gears 2, 3 on the drive wheel axle shaft.

The power components Po of the transmission torque are applied to the satellite 4, 5 at the points of interaction of the surfaces 9 of the carrier 6 with the hole 8. At the poles of the teeth of the satellite 4.5, the axle gears 2, 3 are attached to the force components Pc of the moment of resistance

0 movement and directed in the opposite direction of the forces of P0. When the adhesion coefficients of the wheels are equal, the magnitude of the forces Pc, Pc are the same and the forces are applied at the same distance relative to both5 of their surfaces 9 of the carrier 6 create equal torques Mk in the plane of rotation of the satellite 4, 5. equilibrium. The vehicle makes a linear motion.

0 When the wheel adhesion conditions change, when, the magnitude of the forces P1K, P2K changes, we assume the force. In this case, the equilibrium of the satellite 4.5 is determined by the action of a larger force Pk and by the surface 9 of the carrier 6, located on the side of the half-axle gear 2 connected to the wheel, which has the best grip.

Up to a certain balance of power

0 Р1к / Р to a large force Р1К acting on a smaller arm And cannot create a sufficient moment in the plane of rotation of the satellite 4, 5, since the other reducing force P c acts on the larger arm 2, it has a larger moment relative to the first surface 9 of the carrier 6. But the moment from force P2k also cannot rotate satellite 4 and 5, since the magnitude of this higher moment that arises is limited by another surface (New 9 drove 6, located

from the side of the axle gear 3, from which force Rk is applied to the satellite 4, 5.

The satellites will be in equilibrium with a change in the magnitudes of the forces Rk to a certain ratio. The value of this ratio is determined by the ratio of the lengths of the arms, i.e.

Pk / Pl l2 / li, or

R + g cos a f 1

R - g cos a T2

This ratio determines the blocking properties of the differential in accordance with its structural dimensions.

Thus, satellites 4 and 5 are in balance. The drive wheels of the vehicle rotate together, interconnected by a rigid shaft. Differential works in blocking mode. Wheel spin does not occur. The vehicle makes a linear motion.

When the wheel adhesion conditions change when 1, the equilibrium of the satellites 4, 5 is determined by the action of the forces P on the other surface 9 of the carrier 6, located on the side of the half-axle gear 3 connected to the wheel having the best grip.

When the driving conditions change, these cycles are repeated.

When cornering and hitting an obstacle, the differential action of the mechanism occurs, the satellites 4.5 and the half-axle gears 2 and 3 perform a relative movement.

The differential variant, made with the carrier 13, works in a similar way.

However, this differential has the best reliability, due to the best strength characteristics of the carrier 13.

The vehicle self-locking differential has a simple design and manufacturing technology. The execution of a carrier with cylindrical surfaces allows to increase its reliability due to the best firmly

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Claims (3)

1. A self-locking vehicle differential containing semi-axial gears mounted in the housing, engaged with the satellites mounted on a carrier kinematically connected to the housing, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design and increase reliability, the carrier is fixed to the ends of the housing and installed in contact with the aperture of each satellite over a surface located at a distance from the symmetry plane of the differential, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the semi-axial gears and intersecting The axis is at a right angle in the center of the differential, with the carrier dropping contact with the holes of the satellites diametrically arranged on it on opposite sides of the plane. 2. Differential according to Claim 1, characterized in that the carrier is a cylindrical axis with two depressions made at the carrier points with holes of the satellites on both sides of the differential symmetry plane, aligned with the axis of rotation of the semi-axial gears and intersecting the longitudinal axis drove at right angles and formed by two equidistant planes parallel to the symmetry plane of the differential, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the axle gears and intersecting said axis at right angles to the center differential, 3. Differential by PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the side surfaces of the carrier, in contact with the openings of each satellite, are formed by two adjacent cylindrical surfaces, with the axis of one cylindrical surface displaced relative to the mentioned plane of symmetry of the differential. //.  ten eight FIG. t eleven 11 -10 TT-9 FIG. f A a Fig.Z fie.b -9 12 13