SU1653603A1 - Cabbage harvester module - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to cabbage harvesting machines. The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the technological process. The devices for lifting, leveling and transporting are made in the form of a spiral mounted in the guide 3, consisting of a lifting-leveling part 1 and a transporting part 2. The heads 6 of the head-cutting device 6 are installed on the border of the leveling and transporting areas of the spiral. transporting part 2 of the helix. The helix is connected by a gear 4 to a drive 5. The guide 3 is equipped with sliders 7. When the module is in operation, the possibility of a spiral breakage and damage to the heads of cabbage is excluded due to a mismatch in the speed of rotation of the spiral and the speed of movement of the machine along the row of harvested cabbage. In emergency situations: if the helix is excessively stretched (its turns exceed the required value), a corresponding signal is given and the helix drive is turned off. If the spirals are excessively compressed (the turns of the spirals are less than the required value), a signal is given and the command is given either to increase the number of turns of the spirals or to turn off the drive for moving the machine along the harvested cabbage row. 9 hp ff. 12 il. 5 (Л С ON СЛ CJ о о ы Fig.1

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular cabbage harvesting machines.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the technological process.

FIG. 1 shows schematically a harvesting module of a cabbage harvesting machine, general view; in fig. 2 - the same, the variant with displacement transducers (end switches) interacting with a coil of an increased diameter of the pick up part of the helix; in fig. 3 - the same, a variant with a transporting part of a spiral of rectangular cross section and displacement sensors (end switches) interacting with the transporting part of a spiral; in fig. 4 shows section A-A in FIG. 3 (a junction of the connecting part of the helix with the conveying part of the rectangular helix); in fig. 5 is a section BB in FIG. 3 with the option of a guide made in the form of a groove and fixing strips (cross section in the zone of the transporting part of the helix); in fig. 6 - the same, with the variant of the guide made in the form of longitudinal slats; in fig. 7 is a variant of the transporting part of a rectangular helix made of two spirals; in fig. 8 — node I in FIG. 3 (helix isolation unit relative to the guide); in fig. 9 is a section bb of FIG. 1, (cross section in the pick-up part of the helix with a guide made in the form of a pipe; Fig. 10 — a cabbage-harvesting machine based on a self-propelled portal-type chassis; general view; FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a cabbage-harvesting machine with displacement sensors; Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a control unit with a spiral connection and a guide.

The harvesting module of the cabbage harvesting machine (Fig. 1) contains a shearing apparatus having devices for raising, leveling and cutting heads, installed along its longitudinal axis, as well as transporting them, made in the form of a spiral consisting of lifting and leveling part 1 and transporting part 2 and installed in the guide 3 in the form of a pipe, and connected by a gear 4 with a drive 5. On the border of the zones of alignment and transportation of the spiral there is a knife 6 of the device for cutting heads, and the guide 3 is equipped with sliders 7, serving with them to maintain a constant height of placement of the leveling part 1 of the helix, regardless of the terrain relief. Part 1 of the helix has a step ti not

the smaller step of planting heads (the step of planting heads is provided by a planting machine), and the transporting part of helix 2 has step tr, not less than step ti

the selection part of the helix 1 and not less than the diameter dc of the spherical segment formed by the sphere of the head of maximum diameter O and having a height he equal to the minimum distance from the surface of the internal diameter of spiral 2 to the lower point of the internal surface of the guide tube 3.

To increase the reliability of movement of heads, they increase the size hc, for which the transport part of the helix 2 is provided with ridges 8 (Fig. 2), fixed with a certain step along the helix length.

The last turn of the lifting-leveling part of the spiral in the place of installation of the knife

0 6 has a pitch t, 2, no less than the largest pitch of planting heads, and the transporting part 2 of the helix can have rounds of rectangular cross section with a large size, not less than half the diameter of the largest tub.

In the module shown in FIG. 2, part 1 of the helix has a coil 9 of increased diameter, interacting with displacement sensors in the form of finite switches 10 and 11 by means of spring-loaded stops 12 and 13, respectively. The helix has a shank connected to the drive 5 by means of the coupling 14. The end switches 10 and 11 are connected to the control unit 15 controlling the operation of the drive 5.

In the device shown in FIG. 3, the conveying part 2 of the helix is made of rectangular cross section and is displaced towards the part 1 of the helix by half the axial pitch (tr / 2). It is equipped with a coaxial shaft 16. on which gear wheel 17 and an emphasis 18, which cooperate with end switches 10 and 11, connected to control unit 15, are mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement. The actuator 5 is connected to the gear 17 by means of a gear wheel 19.

The rectangular helix 2 can be made (Fig. 7) from two helixes 20 and 21,

0 coaxially connected to one another by means of bridges 22, and the windings of the coils 20 and 21 must be of the same direction. The height of the coil of a rectangular spiral must be at least half the size of the maximum diameter of the head, and the pitch must be at least the size of the maximum size of the head. The coils of the spirals are provided with insulating shaped stripes 23, which serve to isolate the spiral relative to the guide 3.

The latter and the helix are connected to an additional emergency shutdown unit 24.

The guide 3 can be made of the chute 25 and the fixing bars 26 (Fig. 5) or of the longitudinal bars 27 (Fig. 6).

The guide 3 in the form of a tube has a window 28 (Figs. 2 and 3) for loading the heads into the vehicle (Fig. 10).

The control unit 15 (Fig. 11) contains an intermediate relay 1РП, having a closing contact 1РП1 and a disconnecting contact 1РП2, a switch 29, a time relay РВ, having a disconnecting time-delay contact РВ 1, signal lamps 30 and 31. Contact 1РП2 by means of an electromagnet coil 32 control valve controls drive operation 5.

An additional emergency shutdown unit 24 (FIG. 12) includes a switch 33, an intermediate relay 2 RPD having a closing contact 2RP1, an intermediate relay EPD having a closing contact ZRP1, ZRP2 and opening contacts ZRPPZ and ZRP4 (figure 11), bridge measuring circuit 34, A guide tube 3 and a spiral through a resistance 35, an amplifier 36, a warning lamp 37, a bell 38, a stop button 39, a switch 40 are connected to one of the arms of which

The harvesting module can be installed on the self-propelled chassis 41 of the arched type (Fig. 10) by means of t 42 and 43 and spring loaded rod 44. By adjusting the tension of the spring 45, the pick-up spiral is smoothly moved vertically, which ensures its copying of the heads and reliable pick-up of heads cabbage. The module is moved to the transport position by a hydraulic cylinder 46.

The adjustment control of the hydraulic movement of the self-propelled chassis is carried out, for example, by the time relay PB using an electrically controlled hydraulic distributor 47.

The harvesting module works as follows.

The harvesting module hinged on the self-propelled chassis 41 (Fig. 10) is moved along the cabbage row in such a way that the cabbages fall into the hole of the lift-leveling part 1 of the helix. At the same time, the picking up part of the helix, rotating, captures the heads in the internal cavity. The heads of cabs are moved relative to the pick-up part of the helix and at its end the knife 6 separates them from the stump. The distant heads are captured by the turns of the transporting part 2 of the spiral, moving along

the guide .3 and through the end (Fig. 1) or through the window 28 (Fig. 2 and 3) are loaded into the vehicle, which is attached to the rear of the self-propelled chassis 41. 5 In the course of operation

mismatch of the speeds of movement of the self-propelled chassis and the speed of rotation of the spiral. When reducing the speed of movement of the self-propelled chassis, the pickup part

The 0 helix, rotating with the previous revolutions and being in contact with the stalks of the heads, extends from the guide tube 3 forward and with its coil of increased diameter. 9 with the aid of the stop 12 acts on

5, the end switch 10, which closes its contact, turns on the signal lamp 30 and the intermediate relay 1РП (Fig. 11). The latter, by its contact 1PP1, blocks the contact of the final switch 10, and

0 contact 1 FP2 disables the solenoid valve 32 of the valve, which disables the actuator 5 of the device. Since the self-propelled chassis 41 continues to move with the guide tube 3, part 1 of the spiral goes to guide tube 3 and turn 9 releases the stop 12, which, returning to its original position, turns off the end switch 10. The latter opens its contact . With further

When moving part 1 of the helix, coil 9 acts by means of the stop 13 on the limit switch 11, which, with its normally closed contact, turns on the signal lamp 31 and the time relay PB. Wherein

5 pin 1 of FP2, opening, turns on the solenoid coil 32 of the hydraulic distributor, which turns on the actuator 5. The lifting-leveling part of the helix resumes rotation, capturing the new heads of the trap. Since the speed of the self-propelled chassis is slow, part 1 of the helix moves forward from guide 3, and coil 9 moves away from stop 13. End switch 11 returns to its original position and switches off the time relay RV and signal lamp 31 with its contact. 15 control in this mode is repeated in the same way.

When increasing the speed of self-propelled

0, the chassis part 1 of the spiral turns into guide 3 and, with its turn 9, by means of the stop 13 acts on the limit switch 11. which turns on the time relay PB. Last if for more

5 for some time (in order to exclude the effect on the operation of the block of short-term delays in the movement of the pick-up helix during the operation of the device, due to its contact with the heads, which are excessively shifted away from

row or with other foreign objects) remains on, its contact PB 1 by means of the valve 47 disables the drive of the self-propelled chassis. To exit to normal operation, the driver must reduce the speed of the self-propelled chassis or increase the speed of the spiral.

The control unit 15 also eliminates breakage of the cleaning module during operation during pick-up encounters with various unforeseen obstacles. In such cases, it works similarly to the specified one.

In the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 3, together with the lifting and leveling part 1 of the helix, the helix transporting part 2 with the shaft 16 also moves. A stop 18 acts on the end switches 10 and 11. Otherwise, the operation of the device is similar to that indicated.

In the process of harvesting cabbage, a metal object (wire, truck, etc.) may appear in the working zone of part 1 of the helix. When it is picked up by the pick up part of the helix, this object, before approaching the knife, closes the pick up part of the helix and the guide tube 3. As a result, the bridge circuit 34 mismatches (Fig. 12). A signal is supplied to the amplifier 36, a 2 RP relay is triggered, which by its pin 2 RP1 turns on the intermediate RP AF relay. The latter, with its closing contact, SRP1 blocks contact 2RP1, turns off the signal lamp 37 and bell 38 with the closing contact SRP2, and disconnects the drive 5 of the module and the self-propelled chassis movement drive with the disconnecting contacts of the SRPP and ЗРП4 (Fig. 11). This eliminates the possibility of a module breaking.

Claims (10)

Claims 1. A harvesting module of a cabbage harvesting machine comprising devices installed along the longitudinal axis of the machine for lifting, leveling, cutting heads, transporting them and driving, characterized in that. that, in order to increase the efficiency of the implementation of the technological process, the device for lifting, leveling and transporting is made in the form of a spiral mounted in a guide with the possibility of rotation, while knives are installed on the border of the areas of alignment and transport of the spiral. 2. The module of claim 1, wherein that the knife is directed towards the transporting part of the spiral. 3. The module PP. 1 and 2, so that the transporting part of the helix is made of rounds of rectangular section with a pitch greater than the pitch of the pick up part of the helix, while the transporting part of the helix is offset by half a step to the side the pick up part of the helix, and its front end and The knife is placed in the same horizontal plane. 4. The module according to claim 3, characterized in that the conveying part of the helix is made in the form of two concentrically arranged helixes of equal pitch, connected to each other, with the helix wrapped in the same direction. 5. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive is equipped with a unit for controlling its rotational speed associated with the available displacement sensors, wherein one of the turns of the helix matching part is made of a larger diameter for interacting with the displacement sensors. 6. The module of claim 5, wherein the heme is. that the spiral is made with the possibility of longitudinal movement, and the free end of its transporting part is placed with the possibility of interaction with displacement sensors. 7. Module pop. 1, characterized in that the coil and the guide are installed with a gap relative to one another, interconnected by means of an electrical resistance connected to an additional unit for emergency shutdown of the drive. 8. Module on PP. 1 and 2, that is, so that the knife of the element of the cut heads of cabbage mounted on a rail. 9. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide is made in the form of a groove and longitudinal locking bars. 10. Module pop. 1, characterized in that the guide is made in the form longitudinal slats. 10/3 9 7 Rig. 2 eleven 28 eight Rig.Z R 9igA Fig.8 Dbizheni direction KOVOffoS 22 21 20 3 FIG. 7 Bb 9 46 Rig.10 V 29 ten 7-f 7H ZRPP PBI A thirty Rig. eleven 12