SU1650951A1 - Thermal engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely, to heat engines, in which for forming useful work is used the change of working elements (RE) 1, having the effect of a thermomechanical shape memory, and can be used to convert solar energy into mechanical work to lift water from well The aim of the invention is to increase reliability. The sun's rays raise the temperature in the heat pipe 11 and the heating chamber (not shown) of the housing 2, in which the ER 1 is located. The length of the ER 1 decreases, which causes the flexible chamber 34 and the lever 35 to stretch the chamber 29, which sucks the air out of the chamber 39, This causes the sump 38 to be filled with water from the well 37. At the end of the working stroke of the chamber 29, valve 31 opens, which causes compression of the bellows 24, 40, at (L C & SP O, ate "/ y //// // //

Description

water moving the housing 2 relative to the ER 1 and switching the valve 41 to supply water from the sump 38 to the tank 21. After the end of the working stroke of the chamber 29 the ER 1 enters the cooling chamber of the housing 2 where the ER 1 cools and its length increases. Chamber 29 is compressed filling chamber 29, which causes water to be pumped from sump 38 to tank 21. At the end of idling period of chamber 29, valve 31 reopens, bellows 24, 40 are filled with air, which leads on one side to move body 2T

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and, on the other hand, to switching the valve 41 to the water bypass from the well 37 to the sump 38. ER 1 enters the heating chamber (not shown in the figure), and the cycle repeats. The lightweight body 2, as well as the bellows device 24, which allows adjusting the speed of movement of the body 2, reduces the overloads during acceleration and deceleration of the body 2. The cuffs 22 ensure that the internal chambers of the body 2 are insulated from the environment. The local implementation of the large lever arm 35 provides optimal conditions for the working and idling of RE 1, 3 Cp. f-ly, 5 ill.

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely, to heat engines, in which for shaping useful work is used to change the working elements with the effect of a thermomechanical shape memory, and can be used, for example, to convert solar energy into mechanical work to lift water from a well. .

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability and utilization of solar energy.

1 is a schematic diagram; Fig. 2 is an example of a specific embodiment of the body and means of movement of the working element; Fig. 3 is section A-A in Fig. 2; 4 shows an example of a specific embodiment of a cylindrical chamber, FIG. 5 shows a section BB in FIG. 4,

The heat engine contains a working element 1, which has the effect of a thermomechanical shape memory, mounted in a housing 2 divided by heat and heat insulating tapes 3 into chambers 4-6, respectively, heating, regeneration and cooling. Case 2 is equipped with wheels 7 and mounted on rails 8, placed on the frame 9.

The chamber 4 has the form of a slit and is placed in the condenser 10 of the heat pipe 1 1, the transport zone 12 of which is made flexible, the evaporator 13 of the heat pipe 11 is located in the heat accumulator 14 of the solar collector 15.

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The chamber 5 has the form of a slit formed by two resilient mats 16 pressed together, soaked in a heat transfer medium, for example, oil. The chamber 6 also has the form of a slit and is located in the evaporator 17 of the heat pipe 18, the transport zone 19 of which is made flexible, and the condenser 20 is located in the cold water tank 21. The ends of the body 2 are sealed with flexible hydro-thermal insulating sleeves 22,

The means 23 for moving the body 2 is made in the form of a bellows 24 located between the body 2 and the frame 9 with a concentrically mounted sleeve 25 and a hollow rod 26 with a shaped slot 27. The tool 23 is connected by one of the pneumatic actuators 28 with a pneumatic actuator, which is made in the form of a cylindrical chamber 29 equipped with a spiral cord 30, a valve 31 is installed at the outlet of the chamber 29, equipped with a spool 32 and a pressing spring 33. One of the bottoms of the chamber 29 is fixed on the base 9, and the other is movable connected through a flexible rod, made in the form of ribbon-like cables 34 with a large lever arm 35 the PTO unit.

The small arm of the lever 35 is connected by means of the corresponding cables 34 with the working element 1, and the small arm of the lever 35 is made in the form of a sector, and the large one in the form of a piece. In addition, the rod 36 connects the valve 31 with the movable bottom of the chamber 29. A hydraulic actuator is located at the bottom of the well 37,

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made in the form of a sump 38, inside of which there is a flexible chamber 39, and on the sump 38 there is an additional bellows 40 associated with a corresponding pneumatic actuator 28 with a pneumatic actuator and a controlled two-way valve 41 with a spool 42 and intake port with filter 43. Chamber 39 is connected One of the pneumatic lines 28 is directly connected to the chamber 29, and the outlet of the valve 41 is connected to the reservoir 21 by means of a water hose.

The engine works as follows.

In the morning, the temperature in the battery 14 and the heat pipe 11 is increased by the action of solar radiation. When a certain temperature in chamber 4 is reached, the operating element 1 decreases in length. In this case, the lekal shape of the lever 35 provides a gradual reduction of the load on the element 1, bringing the working stroke condition to the ideal isothermal one, which guarantees the most complete use of the collector’s resources 15. The reduction of the working element 1 leads to the expansion of the chamber 29, which pulls air from chamber 39. This causes the settling tank 38 to be filled with water from the well 37 through the filter 43 and the intake manifold of the valve 41. Phones 24, 40 are sucked into the chamber 29, which causes movement of the housing 2 relative to the operating element 1, as well as switching of the valve 41 to the water supply from the sump 38 through the hose 44 to the tank 21. The mutual position of the figured slot 27, the stem 26 and sleeve 25 allows adjusting the speed of movement of the housing 2, in order to ensure the duration of the regenerative cooling of the working element 1 in the chamber 5. When it enters the chamber 6, the working element 1 cools down and, upon reaching a certain temperature, begins to lengthen. At the same time, the lenticular form of the lever 35 provides the conditions of idling close to optimal - isothermal. Camera 29, spontaneously szhimsya increases

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the pressure in the chamber 39, which causes water to be pumped out of the sump 38 into the tank 21. At the beginning of idling, the valve 31 is closed, and at the end of idling it opens under the action of the rod 36.

As a result, the bellows 24 and 40 are filled with air, which, on the one hand, causes the body 2 to move, the speed of which is regulated by the shaped slot 27, and on the other hand, the valve 41 is switched to the water bypass from the well 37 through the intake pipe with filter 43 to the sump 38 Later in the day, this cycle repeats until the temperature in the battery 14 and the heat pipe ceases to be sufficient to heat the working element 1 to the critical temperature of the thermomechanical shape memory.

The lightweight body 2, the speed of movement of which is determined by the mutual position of the hole in the sleeve 25 and the figured slot 27 in the rod 26, makes it possible to significantly reduce the overloads arising when braking and accelerating the body 2.

The cuffs 22 ensure that the inner chambers 4-6 of the housing 2 are insulated from the environment.

The local execution of the large arm of the lever 35 ensures optimal working and idling conditions of the working element 1 at extreme temperatures in the system.

Claims (4)

Invention Formula one . A heat engine containing at least one working element from a material with a thermomechanical shape memory — a reduction in length when directed; the central part of the working element is housed in a housing whose ends are sealed and the internal volume has three chambers separated by partitions: heating with an inlet system heater, regeneration and cooling with a coolant supply system, the partitions between the chambers being fitted with locks for the passage of the working element, a power take-off link, made in the form of a lever, aloe arm is connected to one end of the operation member, and a large - a payload, and means for moving the operating element chambers, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability, the engine is additionally equipped with a bed with rails fixed on it, the casing is additionally equipped with wheels and mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the rails, the free end of the working element is fixed on the bed, the means movement of the working element is made in the form of a bellows rigidly mounted on the frame and connected to the internal volume of the last pneumatic actuator in the form of a cylindrical variable volume chamber with a valve at the outlet, the movable end of the bellows is fixed on the housing, one of the bottoms of the cylindrical chamber is rigidly fixed on the frame, and the other movable is connected through a flexible connection to the large arm of the power take-off link, the valve is connected by an additionally installed bar to the movable bottom of the cylindrical chamber, The body is sealed with flexible hydro-heat insulating cuffs, the small lever arm is made in the form of a sector, and the large arm in the form of a piece. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the coolant supply system comprises a hydraulically driven heat pipe, in the evaporator of which a cooling chamber is located, the transport zone is flexible, 23 0 five 0 five and the condenser is equipped with a water jacket, hydraulically connected to the hydraulic actuator in the form of a settling tank located inside the well, inside of which there is a flexible chamber, an additional bellows and a two-position valve with an intake pipe equipped with a filter, the additional bellows being rigidly fixed on the settling basin, and its movable the end is connected to a controllable two-way valve fixed on the sump, the internal volume of the additional bellows is connected to the pneumatic actuator, and the internal volume of the flexible chamber is connected internal volume of the cylindrical chamber. 3. The engine for PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the fixed bottom of the bellows is made in the form of a sleeve with a hole, and a hollow rod with a figured slot is installed on the movable end inside the bellows, the cylindrical chamber is provided with a spiral cord. 4. The engine of PP. 1–3, which is due to the fact that, in order to utilize solar energy, the heater supply system contains a heat pipe in which a heating chamber is placed in a condenser, the transport zone is flexible, and the evaporator has a water jacket that is hydraulically connected with the additionally installed solar collector. eleven 2k 8 Yu 1Ч 7 16 FI.3 28 H 1 5 B 5