SU1632373A3 - Lubricating material for hot plastic working of steel - Google Patents
Lubricating material for hot plastic working of steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SU1632373A3 SU1632373A3 SU874203328A SU4203328A SU1632373A3 SU 1632373 A3 SU1632373 A3 SU 1632373A3 SU 874203328 A SU874203328 A SU 874203328A SU 4203328 A SU4203328 A SU 4203328A SU 1632373 A3 SU1632373 A3 SU 1632373A3
- Authority
- SU
- USSR - Soviet Union
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- der
- schmierstoff
- styrene
- thickener
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
- C10M103/04—Metals; Alloys
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- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
- C10M103/06—Metal compounds
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
- C10M107/12—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing aromatic monomer, e.g. styrene
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
- C10M107/14—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing conjugated diens
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- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/02—Carbon; Graphite
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- C10M125/18—Compounds containing halogen
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- C10M125/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10M143/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing aromatic monomer, e.g. styrene
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- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
- C10M2205/043—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
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- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
- C10M2205/063—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes used as base material
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10M2209/062—Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate
-
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/242—Hot working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
- C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Из бретение относитс к смазочному материалу, предназначенному дл применени при гор чей обработке металлов давлением.Binding refers to a lubricant intended for use in the hot working of metals by pressure.
Цель изобретени - повышен е водостойкости и толщины смазочной пленки материала.The purpose of the invention is to increase the water resistance and thickness of the lubricating film of the material.
Дл приготовлени смазочного ма- териала используют в качестве твердого смазочного наполнител графит и/или дисульфид молибдена, в качестве зл густнтел - соединение, выбранное группы, включающей полисахариды, полиакриловую кислоту, полнвинилпнрро- лндон, глину, и в качестве св зуте- го - клрбокснлированный стиролбутл- диеновый латекс с содержанием в нем 60-90 мас.Х стирола.For preparing lubricant material, graphite and / or molybdenum disulfide is used as a solid lubricant filler, a compound selected from groups including polysaccharides, polyacrylic acid, polynvinylprondolndon, clay, and as a bond - clrboxed styrene-diene latex with 60-90 wt.X styrene content in it.
Из числа твердых смазочных материалов графит дает особенно хорошие результаты и предпочтительно использование графита с высокой чистотой, например свыше 96Ј и со средним размером зерен не более 300 мкм. Наилучшие результаты достигаютс применением графита 99,5%. чистоты со средним размером зерен JOO мкм. Смазочный материал представл ет собой 40-60%-ную водную дисперсию. В зкость дисперсии предпочтительно составл ет 500-15000 сП при 10-30°С. Смазочный материал готов т простым смешением компонентов в воде. Состав смазочного материала приведен в табл.1.Among solid lubricants, graphite gives particularly good results and it is preferable to use graphite with high purity, for example over 96Ј and with an average grain size of no more than 300 microns. The best results are achieved using graphite 99.5%. purity with an average grain size JOO microns. The lubricant is a 40-60% aqueous dispersion. The viscosity of the dispersion is preferably 500-15,000 cP at 10-30 ° C. The lubricant is prepared by simply mixing the components in water. The composition of the lubricant is given in table.1.
оэoh
СОWITH
юYu
ОЭOE
1one
соwith
ОABOUT
Дл сравнительных испытаний был приготовлен СОСТЕВ известного смазочного материала (состав 12), который представл ет собой ЗОХ-ную водную дисперсию смазки, включающей следующие компоненты, мас.%:For comparative tests, a COMPOSITION of a known lubricant (composition 12) was prepared, which is an OOH aqueous lubricant dispersion, comprising the following components, in wt.%:
Графит54Graphite54
Полнфосфат 11Complete phosphate 11
Буру5Buru5
Силикат натри 10Sodium silicate 10
Полиэтилен 1ВPolyethylene 1B
Алкилцеллюлоза 2Alkyl cellulose 2
Водную дисперсию можно наносить на инструмент с температурой 80- 350РС и более. При этом в реэульта- те соприкосновени с гор чей поверхностью водный носитель дисперсии испар етс и образуетс пленка смазочного материала равномерной тол- цины. Пленка смазочного материала вл етс гомогенной, а значительной степени водостойкой, так как не смываетс водой, пленка при этом не набухает. Смазочный материал пригоден дл смтки инструмента, например оправки, стержн оправки или матрицы , при их применении при обработке заготовок, например, гильз или Tpy6v в частности при термомеханичес кой обработке стали и прокатке гильз дл получени бесшовных труб на трубопрокатных станах с 6-8 клет ми, при необходимости и на пилнгрнмопых станлх, в прессах дл прессовани прутков или ковочных прессах,Water dispersion can be applied to the instrument with a temperature of 80-350PC and more. In this case, in contact with the hot surface, the aqueous dispersion carrier evaporates and a lubricant film of uniform thickness is formed. The lubricant film is homogeneous and, to a large extent, waterproof, as it does not wash off with water, and the film does not swell. The lubricant is suitable for disassembling a tool, for example a mandrel, a mandrel bar or a matrix, when used in machining workpieces, for example, liners or Tpy6v, in particular, for thermomechanical treatment of steel and rolling sleeves to produce seamless pipes on tube rolling mills with 6-8 stands , if necessary, on peeler stanlh, in presses for pressing rods or forging presses,
Смлзочнне материалы составов & 1-12 игпытынали на трубопрокатных станлх с 6-8 клет ми. В процессе испытани оценивали когеэнонные свойства смазочного материала (силу сцеплени смазочного материала с поверхностью металла), водостойкость, которую определ ли по количеству (%) смлзочной пленки нерастворимой о воде , тлордость пленки, определ емую методом иар панъ (по Сиккенсу) при 150-260°С, толщину планки и в зкостьSmolzochenn materials of compositions & 1–12 igpitals on pipe rolling stanlhs with 6–8 cages. During the test, the coheenon properties of the lubricant (adhesion of the lubricant to the metal surface), water resistance, which was determined by the amount (%) of the thin film insoluble about water, the trussiness of the film, determined by the Iar Pan method (according to Seekens) at 150-260 ° C, plank thickness and viscosity
водной д:сперсии смазочного материала . Результаты испытаний приведены в табл.2.water d: lubricant sperm. The test results are shown in table 2.
Как видно из данных табл.2, водостойкость предлагаемого смазочного материала в 3 раза превышает известный , при этом толщина смазочной пленки на поверхности металла повы- шаетс с 15 до 40-60 мкм.As can be seen from the data of Table 2, the resistance of the proposed lubricant is 3 times higher than the known one, and the thickness of the lubricating film on the metal surface increases from 15 to 40-60 microns.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH3800/86A CH669603A5 (en) | 1986-09-23 | 1986-09-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SU1632373A3 true SU1632373A3 (en) | 1991-02-28 |
Family
ID=4263721
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SU874203328A SU1632373A3 (en) | 1986-09-23 | 1987-09-16 | Lubricating material for hot plastic working of steel |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0261438B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0830198B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1011515B (en) |
AR (1) | AR243593A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE55145T1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH669603A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3764052D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2016603B3 (en) |
SU (1) | SU1632373A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0747756B2 (en) * | 1989-08-09 | 1995-05-24 | 日本電装株式会社 | Aqueous lubrication liquid for cold plastic working of metals |
EP0468278B1 (en) * | 1990-07-12 | 1996-04-10 | DAIDO MACHINERY, Ltd. | A forging lubricant and a method for forming a lubricant coat on the surface of a linear material |
EP0554822B1 (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1999-12-29 | Timcal Ag | Mandrel lubricant for the manufacture of seamless tubes |
AU6360596A (en) * | 1995-07-04 | 1997-02-05 | Timcal A.G. | Lubricant for pass rollers |
EP1326949A2 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2003-07-16 | Kelsan Technologies Corporation | Friction control compositions |
CA2381678C (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2005-06-21 | Kelsan Technologies Corp. | Friction control composition with enhanced retentivity |
CN105695076B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-09-18 | 常州高特新材料有限公司 | A kind of aqueous diamond wire silicon chip cutting fluid |
RU2716499C1 (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2020-03-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева Российской академии наук (ИНХС РАН) | Method of producing biodegradable low-temperature grease based on cellulose |
CN115679195B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-10-17 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Seamless steel tube for automobile driving shaft and manufacturing method thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2048537A1 (en) * | 1970-10-02 | 1972-04-06 | Chemische Fabrik Budenheim, Rudolf A Oetker, 6501 Budenheim | Lubricants for hot metal - forming - contg mixed inorganic phosphates in polymer binders |
DE2318086A1 (en) * | 1973-04-11 | 1974-10-31 | Hoechst Ag | FREEZE-THAW STABLE POLYMERLATICES AS ADDITIVES TO Aqueous COOLING LUBRICANTS |
US3873458A (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1975-03-25 | United States Steel Corp | Resin-containing lubricant coatings |
GB1438215A (en) * | 1974-05-08 | 1976-06-03 | Lonz Ltd | High temperature lubricant |
US3925214A (en) * | 1974-05-28 | 1975-12-09 | Chemclean Corp | Hot forming lubricant composition, system and method |
AU499239B2 (en) * | 1974-12-19 | 1979-04-12 | Borg-Warner Chemicals Inc. | Coating composition |
US4544690A (en) * | 1983-07-27 | 1985-10-01 | Reichhold Chemicals, Incorporated | Aqueous rubberized coal tar emulsion |
-
1986
- 1986-09-23 CH CH3800/86A patent/CH669603A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-08-27 AT AT87112493T patent/ATE55145T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-08-27 EP EP87112493A patent/EP0261438B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-27 DE DE8787112493T patent/DE3764052D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-08-27 ES ES87112493T patent/ES2016603B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-09-14 CN CN87106375A patent/CN1011515B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-09-16 SU SU874203328A patent/SU1632373A3/en active
- 1987-09-18 JP JP62234678A patent/JPH0830198B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-09-23 AR AR87308801A patent/AR243593A1/en active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Патент FR 2243252, кл. С 10 М .7/02, 1975. Патент СССР 1395145, кл. С 10 М 165/00, 1985. * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0261438B1 (en) | 1990-08-01 |
EP0261438A2 (en) | 1988-03-30 |
JPH0830198B2 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
CN87106375A (en) | 1988-04-06 |
ATE55145T1 (en) | 1990-08-15 |
DE3764052D1 (en) | 1990-09-06 |
AR243593A1 (en) | 1993-08-31 |
EP0261438A3 (en) | 1988-12-07 |
JPS6389593A (en) | 1988-04-20 |
CN1011515B (en) | 1991-02-06 |
CH669603A5 (en) | 1989-03-31 |
ES2016603B3 (en) | 1990-11-16 |
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