SU1630645A1 - Apparatus for separation of haulm from standing root crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular, to devices for separating the tops of vegetables from the root crops used in machines for harvesting carrots, beets and fodder roots. The purpose of the invention is to increase the completeness of the separation of the tops and reduce damage. The device contains mounted on the shaft 1 of the drive link 2 with elastic elements 3, mounted with the help of the lining 4 on the leading link 2. The elastic element 3 is made in the form of two sections B and C of trapezoidal shape of different stiffness. The area B of the elastic element 2, adjacent to the link 2, has a greater rigidity and a larger base of the trapezoid facing the shaft. As the machine moves, the device rotates around a vertical axis. Under the action of centrifugal forces, the elastic element 3 undergoes bending and twisting deformations, and due to different stiffness a stable form of the elastic element 3 is created. Externally from the axis of rotation, the edge during such deformation of the elastic element 3 moves approximately parallel to it at some distance from the soil. The outer corner at this time creates a shearing area of the elastic element 3, producing an unsupported shear cut. The inner part of the elastic element 3 from the axis of rotation completes the cleaning of the heads of the root crops from the residues of the tops. 5 Il. WITH

Description

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The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, devices for separating the tops of the root crops from root crops used in machines for harvesting carrots, beets and fodder roots,

The purpose of the invention is to increase the completeness of the separation of the tops and reduce damage to the roots.

Figure 1 shows a device for separating the tops from root crops, a general view; figure 2 is the same, top view; figure 3 is a section aa in figure 1; 4 is also an embodiment of an elastic element consisting of several parts; Fig. 5 is a diagram of the interaction of the elastic element of the device with the root crop.

The device for separating the tops from the root crops on the root contains a driving link 2 mounted on the drive shaft 1 with elastic elements 3 fixed by means of an overlay 4 on the driving link 2. The elastic element 3 is made in two parts - frontal and rear trapezoidal

In another embodiment of the elastic element 3, the different rigidity of the trapezoid sections B and C can be achieved by making the elastic element 3 from several parts, for example, made from a conveyor belt of a rectangular 5 and trapezoidal 6 plates, creating trapezoidal sections of the elastic element 3 of various rigidity. The trapezoid of region B adjacent to the drive link is 0.6-0.7, and the length of the smaller base 0.3-0.4 of the length of the elastic element 3.

When the ratios of the lengths of the larger and smaller bases are smaller, respectively, 0.6 and 0.3, the quality of the technological process (separation of the tops) is reduced due to the transition to the unstable state of the working edges, experiencing bending and twisting deformation under the action of centrifugal force, with the ratios greater than 0.7 and 0.4, respectively, increases the damage to the heads of the root crops due to the absence of bending of the outer edge and its impact on the heads of the root crops.

In cases where the trapezoidal trapezoidal base lengths approach rectangular, the physical-technological process does not differ from the known one and the inherent drawbacks of the known device are not eliminated, but the ratio of the lengths of the trapezium bases changing their position relative to the axis of rotation of the driving link. (i.e., large and

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and the smaller bases are reversed), the technological process of separating the tops changes, the outer section of the elastic element 3 does not experience the necessary deformations, and the deformations of the inner section of the elastic element 3 increase so much that it does not even interact with the heads of the roots.

When the ratio of the length of the larger base of the trapezoid is greater than 0.7, and the smaller is less than 0.3, the quality of the separation of the tops decreases and the damage to the heads of the root crops increases due to the low rigidity of the outer (from the axis of rotation) part of the elastic element 3 and the high rigidity of the inner part.

The device works as follows.

The machine on which the device is installed is moving across the field at a forward speed. The device rotates around a vertical axis with an angular velocity w. At the same time, the elastic element 3, slightly arched, slides along the surface of the soil, copying its microrelief. Under the action of centrifugal forces, the elastic element 3 undergoes bending and twisting deformations, moreover, due to the different rigid hyperaline sections, a stable shape of the elastic element 3 is created (so that the rigidity of the upper trapezoidal section is higher than the lower one). Externally from the axis of rotation, the edge during such a deformation of the elastic element 3 moves at a certain distance from the soil approximately parallel to it. The outer corner at the same time creates a cutting area of the elastic element 3, producing an unsupported cut of the tops. The inner part of the elastic element 3 from the axis of rotation finishes cleaning the heads of the root crops from the residues of the tops. At the same time, due to its greater stiffness, the purification process is improved, and due to the lower stiffness of the outer corner of the elastic element 3, the damage to the heads of root crops is reduced.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for separating the tops from the roots at the root, containing a vertical shaft, on which the lead link with the console is perpendicularly mounted, fixed in the radial plane by elastic blades, characterized in that, in order to increase the completeness of the separation of the tops and reduce damage to the roots, the upper part of the back the surface of each blade is made in the form of a protrusion having the shape of a rectangular trapezium, a smaller base which is 0.3-0.4, and greater than 0.6-0.7, respectively, the length of the blade, understand the larger base of the trapezoid facing the drive shaft. Aa FIG. g Editor I. Horn to Compiled by V. Babenko Tehred E. Tsaplyuk Fig.Z 4 FIG. five Proofreader E. Dormidontova