SU1613858A1 - Method of building spatial geodetic grid in the shape of chain of triangles and goniometeer for effecting same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to geodesy and geodetic instrument making and is intended for solving problems of higher, engineering and space geodesy. The invention allows to improve the accuracy and productivity of work. The method involves orienting the goniometric device in directions to points of the geodetic network by orienting one of the axes of rotation of the device in the direction of the common side of adjacent triangles of the network. The tilt axis of the target device is aligned with the intersection line of the planes of adjacent triangles, the position angles, the angles between the directions of the angular circle 2, the vertical and positional angles in the plane of the measured positional angle, the dihedral angle between the planes of the triangles along the angle angle, set perpendicular to the common side of adjacent triangles, the distance between the opposite source and determined points of adjacent triangles and calculate the coordinates from the solution of the system of equations . The goniometer contains angular circles 1 and 2 with alids 3, 4 and bodies, a sighting device 7 and an axis system consisting of the axes of rotation of the device, the tilting of the device, the inclination of the sighting device and the rotation of the sighting device. The device contains columns 8, a reading device 9, aiming 10, 11 and clamping devices 13, 14, levels 16, 17, 18, a stand 19, a centering device. The sighting axis and all the axes of rotation intersect at one point O. The sighting device 7 is made in the form of a periscopic telescope attached to the housing of the angle wheel 2, which is attached to the alidade 4. 2 cff-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The invention relates to geodesy and geodesic instrument making and is intended for solving problems of external geodesy, in particular for determining the spatial coordinates of geodetic network points in high mountain areas, for solving problems of engineering geodesy, for performing 25 measurements on moving bases, when it is impossible to orient the angular the device in the direction of the plumb lines of the Zempy gravity field, and the implementation of the vertical layout30 of the terrain, to solve the tasks of space geodesy, to perform the necessary their measurements in the absence of a gravitational floor

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of labor by reducing the volume of field measurements and improving accuracy by reducing the effect of instrumental errors .40

FIG. 1 shows a goniometer, side view; in fig. 2 - the same, VIEW: from above in FIG. 3 - kinematic diagram of the goniometer; Fig. 4 shows the optical scheme of the goniometer; Fig. 5 is a diagram for measuring dihedral and position angles; FIG. 6 is a fragment of a geodetic network of five points forming three spatial triangles “50

The method involves orienting the goniometric device in directions to points of the geodetic network by orienting the tilt axis of the angle device of the goniometric device in the direction of common sides of adjacent triangles of the network, in the direction of sides CB and BD (Fig.6) of adjacent tri-: angle bars ABC and BCD, BCD and BDE, measurement of position angles. Toe, angles in the plane of the triangle along the corresponding angular angle of the device, installed parallel to the plane of the measured positon angle, measure dihedral angles along the corresponding angular angle, which is installed perpendicularly to the common sides of the adjacent triangles of the network, sides CB and BD, the measurement, the distances between opposite points original and definable points of adjacent triangles, distances between points AD of adjacent triangles of LAN and BCD and CE of adjacent triangles BCD and BDE, as well as the calculation of For the method of determining the spatial coordinates corresponding to the desired angular instrument.

Consider the solution of the problem of determining the spatial coordinates of points of a geodetic network. The length of one of the sides is known and astronomical latitudes, longitude and azimuth are determined at the head point of the network.

In the initial triangle of the ABC network (FIG. 6) in the system of topocentric horizontal coordinates of the starting point, point A, we will determine the position of the other two points, points B and C. The length of the side AB is measured, - Measured from point A to point B and C are horizontal angles and zenith distance. According to the formulas of analytical geometry, we define the direction of the cosines of the directions AB and AU:

1 sin Zflg sin

td sin zne-cos Udv; (D

Pdb cos

1, .. sin Z ... sin V. “:

Ac

ACMO

m

n,

sin Z. cos Va

AC -AC ° s Mpi

(2)

 AC - AC

In the triangle ABC according to the proposed method, the angles between the directions, LASC, / are measured.

Using the values of the direction cosines and the lengths of the sides AB AC Uds (the length of the AC side is calculated by the sine theorem), we determine the coordinates of points B and C in the system of topocentric horizontal coordinates of point A;

13858

Calculating the coordinates of points B and C

spatial triangle ABC, measured by position angles between directions, Z, CBD BCD

5, using the measured dihedral angle between the planes of the triangles ABC and BCD, angle 0, we determine the coordinates of point D in the system of topocentric horizontal coordinates t of the point AO. To do this, we express the measured positional and dihedral angles through the known coordinates of points A, B, C and unknown coordinates

, 5 points D (H., Y., Z.) and make up a system of equations.

10i

dv .1dv;

VftB-niftB;

Vflc iftc;

V ™ Ac;

UDS-PAS.

(3)

(four)

 -, - Coordinates of the normal vector

 + B, Y + + D О - the equal-plane of the triangle BCD is defined

the plane of the triangle from the expressions:

N

yj, (Zg- Z,) - ZjjCY - YC) + (Y, Z) yjj & Z ,, - P,;

in, D

XgZftl XcZcl

XI, ZDI

Xjyel

Xjel

1.1

Xjczc

 -XJ, (ZB-) + z.p (x) - (, -) -x, Zj AXgc- FBI;

(6)

 x (Ye- Y,) - Xc) +. (x.Y) PC;

The planes of the triangle ABC and BCD form between themselves an angle equal to the measured dihedral angle (,:

Let us write the equations of the three- and squares of the LAN and BCD.

A „X + +

+ D О - equation of the plane of a triangle ABC

The coordinates of the normal vector of the plane of the triangle ABC we find by the formulas:

 In In In .ZC

(five)

ow, .BaBLl- aCi (7

 + BJ + C TJAV E | + cf

, 71613858I

.

or, substituting in place of A, B, C values, yoluchay

& ugK-rJaMiteJLi: aUjLiiiCrsat a l-2E g ar-LttI- ± - ai2a -fSiti

, - M & ugK-rJaJuiaJL aUJL jdrSabSa l EAxi c

TSA O in + qj4 y uZp5- Zj, bYBc g,) + (,) (hvTve-ud4kh "p y)

We obtain symmetric. Equations 2l s ZliS. El

direct passing through points BD, ev SAT

Sun, CD.

where the guiding factors

. . - „„., - ICB V CE K

Symmetric equation of direct BD Q

„- --.pGmkgofpiinprp tnenie on mp

X-XB V-YR Z-Ze / 04

.. 2.E. (. O)

IBD et) where the guide factors

Chr D - BJ vB UZZ - B BP V V

Symmetric equation of direct sun

Symmetric equation of direct CD $ z5c. Zzic (,)

-CD

m

CD

n

CD

15

where the guiding factors

1c1z and -cS «, - 2c- Forward BD and BC when crossing, form an angle equal to the measured position angle PI.

n 1вр1вс% Й55С.1-11 2Н 5 ----

cos) | 1 I - g

   «П | .Р4с ™ ()

Angle between straight lines CB and CD, sides .gp-x. Agj iiigj.- j-c- IB all of the triangle BCD, is equal to the measured. Symmetric equation of the direct N-st position angle | i:

. I-l --- 5

-Vs

m

The sun

n

(9)

0

her

where the guiding factors

1 .. X, - X .; t. ng Z, -

i

.. 1св1со + mcBincD + .lics

cos I -

 If

   Cb

(13)

Let's make system of three equations

and from the equations of angles (7), (12), (13), the straight lines BD and BC, CB and CD, where the unknown angle between the planes is known are the coordinates of a point of the triangles ABC and BCD, angles between 35 D (x ,, y-z, z):,.,, ,,

 cosut "JsiXu B r Eb4Ilt ± 2AlLi 5.r2EE45§.t-52A itr EllLl-2al5a6lK ..

 CHA O Ch - with | (ypiZej- 7. „4У ,, + р ,,) + (-xj, iz Р,)“ У1,

a (xj, - Xft) lge (UD - Ye) gMl-i aZ- slS.et.-;

   4 (d- Xft) (y, - b) (ZB-ZB) l | "and

, ljfi (xBr-X) .l.ajg YP- - - ± - Eg -: - ZdJI 5. -li cs Ь 4 () (HC-V - V

(14)

FROM THE SOLUTION OF THE SYSTEM, FIND THE COORDIN--

 between the source Item A and defined. the planes of triangles ABC and BCD by clause D, then the system of equations for

measured distance between anti-50 meters view:

s - (x,) -Suze- Yft) (ZA);

,, (hl, - xv) (IP. (g.i Salii5 -;

(- (yyyy-ch) - (. - zb) chs -

 l Bl 3L -X l- ± -g B () t-S.

1s

(t5)

1 лл ч.л3 s, -: ijit;, cr -.-.---- --- - - (D.) - (in - с)

P )

Ty)

cs sat

where the guiding factors

Hmikgofpiinpr ttp neniye

Symmetric equation $ z5c. Zzic

-CD

m

CD

n

CD

15

(9)

0

(13)

(14)

-;

1s

(t5)

where the distance is mezku points

A and D.

Instead of positional angles between directions in a triangle BCD, distances between

SftD l | (Xv-Xd) + (in-Ud) -f Czj, - 7,) 2-j «615 (x.i, - Xg) + (yj, - YB) + (2„ - 7.) 2}

cos

J

lcblxj)), ())

four

CB - cb

where is the distance between points

B and D.

If in the adjacent triangles ABC and BCD only linear values are measured - Xc) Γ (Y: o-c) - (2) 15

ranks, distances between, BD and CD, then we obtain systems of the form

where Sp- is the distance between points C and D.

From the solution of systems (14) - (17) we determine the desired coordinates of a point. D (x, y, zp). Systems of equations (14) - (1 7) are solved using well-known numerical methods for solving a system of nonlinear algebraic equations

Similarly, repeating operations (5) through (17) determine the coordinates of all points of the geodetic network in the system of topocentric horizontal coordinates of point A. The coordinates of network points can be obtained in any other coordinate system depending on which coordinate system is specified or The coordinates of the points of the original triangle ABC are calculated.

According to the known astronomical coordinates of point A and the astronomical azimuth of the initial direction, the obtained coordinates of the point of the geodetic network are transferred to the topocentric equatorial system of point A. According to the known coordinates of point A in the coordinate system of a reference system, the coordinates of network points are shifted into this reference system.

The goniometer contains angular circles 1 and 2 with alids 3, 4 and shells 5 and 6, a sighting unit 7 with an optical axis AA lens, an axial system consisting of axes

points b and d, as well as c and d. If instead of the position angle b, the length of the side bd is measured between the directions eu and bd, then the system is recorded as

(sixteen)

ni

ranks, distances between points AD,, BD and CD, then we obtain a system of equations of the form

rotation of the explosive device, the inclination of the device CC, the inclination of the sighting device DD and the turning of the sighting device EE, columns 8, the reading device 9, the guiding 1012 and the clamping devices 13-15, levels 16-18, the stand 19, and the centering device ( not shown).

The goniometric circles 1 (measurement of horizontal angles and dihedral angles, angles between inclined planes) and 2. (measurements of vertical angles and positioning angles) are fixed, respectively, on axes DD and ЕЕ and perpendicular to indicated axis.

The CC axis is perpendicular to the BB axis, the DD axis is the CC axis, the EE axis is the DD axis and all axes intersect at one point, point O of the device about the Axes of the BB and SS are intended to orient the device in directions to the points of the geodetic network when measuring dihedral and positional angles and for orienting the device in directions

The second floor is the strength of the Earth’s tin weight when measuring horizontal and vertical angles. The DD and EE axes serve to orient the instrument's AA sighting axis in the direction of the target sight. The axes of explosive, DD, and EE are made in the direction of the known spaced-up ball bearing, and the axis of the SS is in the form of a known-cylindrical axis of the kinematic type.

and

On the stand 19, the columns 8 are rotatably mounted with respect to the axis of the explosive. In the columns 8, the case 5 of the goniometric circle 1 is fixed so that it can rotate relative to the axis CC. with atsdad 3 of the angle gage 1 rotatably with respect to the DD axis. On the alidade 3 there is a console fixed with alidade 4 of the goniometer 2 with the alidade 4 fastened casing 6 of the goniometric circle 2 rotatably with respect to the EE axis. On the case b

ten

7 ”visor fitted

The sight axis M is perpendicular to the EE axis and passes through the intersection point O of the axis of the instrument. Target knot. Completed, for example, in the form of a well-known periscopic telescope with a collimator. viewfinder 20 and focus screw 21. The optical scheme of the periscopic telescope 7 includes, for example, an objective lens 22, reflecting mirrors 23 and 24, a focusing lens 25, a grid of 26 filaments and an ocular 27.

The readout device 9 can be made in the form of known optical microscopes. In the proposed goniometric device, the reading device 9 is made, for example, in the form of a scale-scale optical microcone. The device uses an optical system with independent optical channels for obtaining images of goniometric circles 1 and 2 in the plane of the collective scale 28. The optical scheme of the microscope 9 includes portholes 29 and 30, collectives 31 and 32, lenses 33-36, prisms 37-46, lens 47, and the ocul. P. 48. The ocul 48 of the optical microscope 9 is located adjacent to the ocular 27 of the periscopic telescope 7.

The aiming devices consist of aiming screws 10 (rotation of the device relative to the axis of the explosive), 11 (inclination of the device relative to the axis of the SS), leading screw of rotation of the alidade 3 (not shown) relative to the axis of DD, 12 (rotation of the housing 6 relative to the axis EE) The clamping devices consist of fixing screws 13 (rotation of the device), 14 (1613858

Known targeting and securing screws are useful.

Level 16 is bonded, with columns 8 And serves to bring the axis of the explosives into a vertical position. Level 17 behind is mounted on alidade 3 and is intended to bring the axis of the DD into a vertical position. Level 18 is fixed to housing 6 and serves to bring the EE axis to a vertical position. In addition, the alidade 4 of the angle wheel 2 is provided with a level (not shown) to bring the alidade 4 to a horizontal position when measuring vertical angles.

The support 19, provided with lifting screws 49 (FIG. 1), serves to install and secure the goniometer on the head, on the bench or on the geodesic table, and also to orient the device with respect to the plumb lines of the Earth Earth stamp at 25 measurements of horizontal and vertical angles

As a centering device (not shown) in the proposed goniometric device, 30 known optical plummets or devices for forced centering of the device on a geodesic sign can be used.

The principle of the reading device 9 of the angle gauge is as follows

The goniometric circles 1 and 2 are illuminated through the windows 29 and 30. The light beam is directed by the collective 31 onto the goniometric circle 1. The image of the divisions of the goniometric circle 1 is projected using prisms 37-42 and the lens 33 and 34 of the lens onto a flat surface. of group 28, the goniometric circle 2 is illuminated by collective 32 of the strokes of the circle 2 using lenses 35 and 36 are etched into the plane of the collective scale 28 "Prism: 43-45 change the direction of the Beam of the image of the microscopic talons circles 1 and 2 by the lens 47 is transmitted to the focal plane of the ocular 48 of the optical microscope.

35

40

45

50

: °: „: 5: HyyyYe: 1d:, -„: „; ™ ;; “A” ra. .about".

JVJ iVVJl - -AJ.J-X - V t ---- / J-J.

that alidade 3 (not shown), 15 (building 6) p. As a guide, one device and device clamping devices

Center projection direction

geodetic mark to height .ras 10

13858

Known targeting and securing screws are useful.

Level 16 is stapled, with columns 8 And serves to bring the axis of the explosive into a vertical position. Level 17 is fixed on alidade 3 and is intended to bring the axis of the DD into a vertical position. Level 18 is fixed to housing 6 and serves to bring the EE axis to a vertical position. In addition, the alidade 4 of the angle wheel 2 is provided with a level (not shown) to bring the alidade 4 to a horizontal position when measuring vertical angles.

The support 19, provided with lifting screws 49 (FIG. 1), serves to install and secure the goniometer on the head, on the bench or on the geodesic table, and also to orient the device with respect to the plumb lines of the Earth Earth stamp at 25 measuring horizontal and vertical angles about

As a centering device (not shown) in the proposed goniometric device, 30 known optical plummets or devices for forced centering of the device on a geodesic sign can be used.

The principle of the reading device 9 of the angle gauge is as follows

The goniometric circles 1 and 2 are illuminated through the windows 29 and 30. The light beam is directed by the collective 31 onto the goniometric circle 1. The image of the divisions of the goniometric circle 1 is projected using prisms 37-42 and the lens 33 and 34 of the lens onto a flat surface. collective 28, goniometric circle 2 is illuminated by collective 32 "images of circle 2 strokes with lenses 35 and 36 are projected into the plane of collective scale 28" prism: 43-45 change the direction of the beam paths of the microscope along with the images of division bars in the angle Circular circles 1 and 2 are transmitted by lens 47 to the focal plane of the ocular 48 of the optical microscope.

35

40

45

50

- „:„; ™ ;; “A” ra. .about".

 „:„; ™ ;; “A” ra. .about".

ray

Center projection direction

A geodetic mark at a height. The location of the point O of the intersection of the instrument axes can be made perpendicular to the mounting plane of the geodetic sign table or in the direction of the plumb lines of the earth gravity force. In the first case, the explosive axis of the instrument should be perpendicular to the mounting plane of the mark. The fulfillment of the condition is ensured by the initial position of the lifting screws 49, in which the screws 49 are in the extreme position (fully screwed in). In the second case, the explosive axis with

boron should be installed in the direction of the plumb lines of gravity using a level 16 by rotating the lifting screws 49 o

In connection with this circumstance, the sight marks mounted on the observed points must have the height of the center of the mark, equal to the height of the point O of the device above the mounting plane of the mark, and be able to design the center of the geodetic mark also in perpendicular directions to the mounting mark. the plane of the geodetic sign table or in the direction of the plumb lines is the floor of the force of gravity.

As an example, consider the case of projecting the center of a geodesic mark along perpendiculars to the mounting plane of the geodetic mark table.

The goniometric device is mounted on the sign of the geodetic network, for example, on point F (Fig. 5), centered and oriented. At the observed points of the network, for example, on points C, H, -1 (Fig. 5), the target marks are set, also centered and oriented. The centering, angle gauge and target marks are forced and performed in the usual way. The lifting screws 49 of the stand 19 of the goniometric device and of the sight marks are used in the initial position. The orientation of the goniometric device when measuring the dihedral and position angles consists in orienting the instrument axis DD in the directions to the geodetic network, which form the intersection planes with the device installation point adjacent network triangles, the dihedral angles between them need to be measured. In this example (Fig. 5), the axis of PV

the angular reference device is oriented in the direction of FH, the line of intersection of the planes of the triangles FGH and FH. To orient the axis AA Sov5

0

0

five

five

40

are located in the DD and DD axes

as the AA axis

EE axis and all three AA axes

which is possible, so perpendicular r

EE and DD

45

50

55

intersect at the point of intersection of the instrument axes The alignment of the axes AA and DD is accomplished by setting the reference on the angular circle 2, which corresponds to the aligned position of the axes, the value of which is determined in the process of research and adjustment of the instrument.

The set-up is performed by rotating the body 6 by hand, loosening the clamp screw 15, and the guide screw 12, while securing the screw 15o. A specified report is set on the angular circle 2 corresponding to the combined position of the AA and DD axes using an optical microscope 9. Then, the AA axis and the DD axis aligned with it (point of the geodetic network, in this example, point H (Fig. 5)) are directed. First, using a leg collimator of the reticle 20, the aiming point of the axis AA is directed to the point H, unfastened and secured with the fixing screws 13 and 14 “Focus the peri- scopic optic tube 7 by rotating the focus screw 21. After that, exactly follow the AA axis and the DD axis aligned with it on the target mark; paragraph abbreviated, paragraph H (Fig. 5). The guidance is carried out with the aid of aiming screws 10 and 11, combining the image of the sighting target with a cross of a network of 26 threads of visual sight 7. The orientation of the angle gauge is complete, the device is ready for operation.

The measurement of the dihedral angles between the inclined planes of adjacent triangles of the network consists in sequential sightings at the opposite vertices of the triangles, at points C 1 (Fig. 5), and taking readings along the angle 1. To measure the dihedral angle between the planes of the triangles FGH and FH, the fixing screw of the alidade 3 and the fixing screw 15 are unfastened. Previously, using the collimator reticle 20, the AA axis is fixed at point G.

. , 1516

the periscopic telescope 7 is rotated by the focus screw 21, the point G mark is pointed, the axis AA is accurately pointed at the point G mark with the help of the guide screw by rotating the alidade 3 and the target screw 12, the image of the sight is visible in the field of view of the periscope vision tube 7 and combining the image with a cross network of 26 threads. Take a reading on the angular circle 1 using an optical microscope 9. The same is done when sighted by the periscopic telescope 7 on point 1. Take a second count on the angular circle 1. The difference of the readings is equal to the desired dihedral angle between the inclined planes of adjacent triangles FGH and FHI geodetic network about

Measuring positional angles in inclined planes, running through 1x through a given line of intersection of inclined planes, consists in sequential sightings at the observed points located in this inclined plane and taking samples along an angular circle 2. To measure the position angle GFH (Fig. 5), located in the inclined plane of the triangle FGH, detach the clamp screw of the alidade 3 and screw 15, Sight with the periscopic telescope 7 at point G, for which first, using a collimator viewfinder 20, point the axis of AL to point G. Fasten the clamping screw of alidade 3 and screw 15. Focus the periscopic tube 7 on the sight mark of point G. Exactly point the axis LL onto the sight mark of point G with the help of the screw of rotation of the alidade 3 and the target screw 12, observing and combining the image of the target with the cross of the grid of 26 threads of the periscopic viewing tube 7. Take a readout using an optical microscope 9 along the angle gauge. 2. The same is done when sighting the periscopic telescope 7 at point N. A second reading is taken in the angle circle 2. The reading difference gives the desired position angle GFH.

Measurement of horizontal and vertical angles.

The goniometric device is installed on the sign of the geodetic network, for example, on point F (Fig. 5). On set 85816

. Locating points in the network establish target marks, for example, at points G and H (Fig. 5). Forced center on the signs goniometer and target marks. The goniometer and sighting marks are horizontally oriented, orienting the plumb lines to the ground, the earth gravity force. Gorging the sighting marks is done as usual. For orientation of the goniometric device in the direction of the plumb lines, the floor of the Sempy gravity force, the BB axis, is set to

5 at the level 16 with the help of the lifting screws 49 of the stand 19. The CC axis takes a horizontal position. Then, the DD axis is installed vertically at the level 17 with the help of the aiming screw 11. The console connecting the apidads 3 and 4 of the goniometer circles 1 and 2 should be located on top of the housing 5. The device is ready for operation.

5 To measure horizontal and vertical angles, the periscopic telescope 7 is aimed at the points of the geodetic network, for example, points G and N.

0 clamping screw of the alidade 3 and fastening the screw 15. Coarsely using the collimator reticle 20, point the axis of the AA sight 7 of the device to the target mark of point G., fix the screws of the alidade 3 and screw 15. Focus the periscope visual pipe 7, the Go sight point mark. With the help of the lead winds of Alidade 3 and screw 12, the AA axis precisely guides the target target by aligning the image of the target target with a crosshair of 26 threads. Take readings using an optical microscope 9 for angular circles 1 and -20. Same as when sighting at other points, for example at point N. The difference in readings for angular circles 1 and 2 is equal to the horizontal and vertical angles between points G

4S

50

and H geodetic network.

Setting the inclined planes Setting the inclined plane in a given direction.

Suppose the direction is given by the horizontal angle from the source direction and the vertical angle.

The goniometric device is installed on the sign of the geodetic network, centering and orienting in the direction of the plumb lines the floor of the Earth gravity force. Calculate the counting using an angular circle 1 equal to .cyMtfe of the counting circle 1, corresponding to the perpendicular position of the EE and CC axes, and a given horizontal angle. On the angular circle 1 set the calculated count. Unfastened and secured the clamping screws 13 and 15 and using a guide (the screws 10 and 12 orient the axis AA in the initial direction.

 Then the AA axis is aligned with the DD axis, and the EE axis is installed perpendicular to the CC axis, the corresponding readings are set on angular circles 2 and 1 and using fixing and leading screws of Alidade 3 and screws 15 and 12. The DD axis is set horizontally at level 18 by means of screw and clamping screw 25 14. Combine the axes AA and CC, set the corresponding reading on the angle gauge 2 and use the driving and clamping screws 12 and 15. Read the measurement on the angle gauge 1, equal to the sum of the counting on circle 1, corresponding to ( him the combined position of the axes AA and Cc, and the specified vertical angle 1. Install the calculated offset using the angular circle 1 using the guidance of the fixing screw of the alidade 3. Axis

five

20

thirty

35

And when rotated about the EE axis, it forms an inclined plane in a given direction.

Setting an inclined plane passing through arbitrary three points.

The goniometer is mounted on one of three points. On the other two set the target mark. Orient the device in the direction of one of the points, point the AA axis and the DD axis aligned with it on the target mark, using the aiming screws 10 and 11 and the set screws 13 and 1. Next, point the AA axis to the second point, using the lead screws alidade 3 screw 12 and the fixing screws of aliad 3 and screw 15. Thus, the EE axis is oriented so that the AA axis, when rotated about the EE axis, forms an inclined plane extending through three arbitrary points.

for

ate

45

55

Setting an inclined plane relative to an arbitrary inclined plane

Suppose that an arbitrary inclined plane is the plane of a triangle and, with respect to one of the sides of the triangle, on a known dihedral angle, you must specify an inclined

plane.

The goniometer is mounted on one of the points on the side of the triangle, relative to which the inclined plane is set. On the other two

points establish sight marks Orient the goniometer in the direction of the side of the triangle, in the direction of the line of intersection of the initial and set planes, axis AA

and the DD axis aligned with it leads

five

0

five

on the target mark, use floats (screws 10 and 11 and fixing screws 13 and 14 o) Then point the AA axis to the third point of the triangle using the lead screws of alidade 3 and screw 12 and fixing screws of alidade 3 and screw 15, Take a reading on an angular circle of 1. About a given dihedral angle and a direction measured by a circle of 1, a second reading is calculated.The calculated reference is set using an angular circle 1 using the navigation and anchor screws of the alidade 3, the inclined plane is set, the AA axis but the clone plane.

The device allows to measure not only horizontal and vertical angles, but also dihedral angles and position angles. The device allows setting all possible inclined planes both in a given direction and passing through arbitrary three points and relative to an arbitrary inclined plane. On the basis of the proposed goniometric device, effective methods for geodetic measurements can be developed, for example

l deformations of oblique structures, measurements of torsion angles, etc.

five

 during its rotation, the auxiliary axis, EE, forms the

Claims (2)

Invention Formula I . 1. A method of building a spatial-: geodesic network in the form of a chain of triangles, in which the support points of the common side of adjacent triangles are set and 1916 orGGYTG Tilt angle meter with a wind-up fixture, measure angles by mecda support points and determined point, the distance between points and process measurement results, characterized in that, in order to improve accuracy and performance, the angle gauge is oriented in direction to the reference points. points of the common side of adjacent triangles of the network, in the planes of the defined triangles of the network, measurements of the positional angles between the reference and determined points and, in addition, between the planes of adjacent points ornogo and defined by a network of triangles measured dihedral angles. 2. A goniometer for constructing a spatial geodesic in the form of a chain of triangles, containing the Shch1 angular circles measuring 85820 neither the dihedral, positional, horizontal, and vertical angles, the sighting device with the optical axis of the lens, the axial system of the device, including the axis of rotation and tilt of the device, the tilt and rotation of the sighting device, of which three axes of rotation intersect at one point, 0 all axes of rotation are arranged in pairs mutually perpendicular, the planes of goniometric circles are perpendicular, respectively, to the axis of the axial system, characterized in that 15 in order to increase accuracy and performance, all the axes of the instrument and the optical axis of the target lens intersect at one point, and the angle of measurement of two-sided angles and horizontal angles and the angle angle of measurement of the positional and vertical angles are connected respectively with the axes of rotation and incidence regards rt zg "four five 8 Fi. Fie.6