SU1606743A1 - Method of and diffuser for converting fluid stream energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used in aero-hydraulic systems to increase efficiency by reducing hydraulic losses and intensifying heat and mass transfer. The diffuser for converting the energy of the flow of the medium includes the housing 1 and the deflector (D) 2, forming the central and peripheral cavities 3 and 4, and D 2 is equipped with bypass channels (PC) 5 with outlets 6 communicated with means for creating a reduced pressure in the local zones 7 and made in the form of spherical recesses 8 on the surface 9 D 2 from the side of the peripheral cavity 4, and the outlet openings 6 of the PC 5 are located in the lower parts of the recesses 8. The D 2 can be equipped with additional PC 10 whose outlet openings 11 are placed in zones x, adjacent to the spherical recesses 8 m, and guide blades, fixed to the cantilever surface D 2 from the side respectively of the central or peripheral cavities 3 or 4 to form interblade channels with cross-sectional area, not in the course of increasing the fluid flow. The medium is bypassed from the central to the peripheral flow through the main PC 5 or additional PC 10 in local zones of pressure reduction, organized in the form of tornado vortex structures arising from the flow of the medium around the spherical recesses 8 on the surface of 9 D 2. 2 sec. and 2 z. p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

one

(21) 4405392 / 31-29

(22) 04/05/88

(46) 11/15/90, Bull. K 42

(71) Plant-VTUZ at the Production Association of the turbine building of the Leningrad Metal Plant

(72) A.Rshurikov and A.V. Sudarev

(53) 621.671 (088.8)

(56) USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1401162, cl. F 04 D 29/54, 1986.

USSR Author's Certificate No. 410663, cl. F 01 D 25/30, 1972.

(54) METHOD FOR CONVERTING ENERPSH OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW IN DIFFUSER AND DIFFUSER FOR IMPLEMENTING METHOD

(57) The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used in aero-hydraulic systems to increase efficiency by reducing hydraulic losses, and to intensify heat and mass transfer. The diffuser for converting the energy of the flow of the medium includes the housing 1 and de (1shektor (D) 2, forming the central and peripheral cavities 3 and 4, and D 2 is equipped with bypass channels (PC) 5 with outlets 6, communicating and with means for creating reduced pressure in local zones 7, made in the form of spherical depressions 8 on the surface 9 D 2 from the side of the peripheral cavity 4, and the outlet openings 6 of the PC 5 are located in the lower parts of the depressions 8. D 2 may be provided

with b

cl

f

one

"% A.J

PC 10, the outlet openings 11 of which are placed in areas adjacent to the spherical recesses 8 and guide vanes, cantilever-mounted on the surface D 2 from the side of the central 3 or peripheral 4, respectively, with the formation of interblade channels with a cross-sectional area not increasing the flow of the medium.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used in aero hydraulic systems.

The aim of the invention is to improve the economy by reducing hydraulic losses and intensification.

heat and mass transfer.

Figure 1 shows a diffuser, a partial longitudinal section; Figures 2, 3 and 4 show a diffuser, examples of implementation. The diffuser for converting the energy of the flow of the medium (Fig. 1) includes a housing 1 and a deflector 2 placed in the housing 1 to form the central 3 and peripheral 4 cavities and provided with overflow channels 5 with outlet openings 6 communicated with means for creating the increased pressure in local zones 7, made in the form of spherical recesses 8 on the surface 9 of the deflector 2 from the side of the peripheral cavity 4, and the outlet openings 6 of the bypass channels 5 are located in the lower parts of the recesses 8.

In addition, the diffuser (figure 2) can be equipped with additional bypass channels 10, the outlet openings 11 of which are placed in the area: x adjacent to the spherical angle

l 8

The diffuser can also be supplied with guide vanes 12 or 13, cantilever-mounted on the surface of the deflector 2, respectively, from the side of the central cavity 3 (Fig. Or peripheral cavity 4 (Fig. 4) to form interscapular channels 14 with a cross-sectional area not increasing along the flow

environment. .

The method of converting the energy of the flow of the medium is carried out as follows.

The medium is bypassed from the central to the peripheral flow through the main PC 5 or additional PC 10 in local zones of pressure reduction, organized in the form of tornado-like vortex structures, arising from the flow around the medium of spherical recesses 8 on the surface 9 D 2. 2 s. and 2 z. p. f-ly,

4 il.

0

25

30 35

45

50

The medium is fed into the diffuser, where it is divided by the deflector 2 into central and peripheral flows moving through the cavities 3 and 4 of the same name, creating in local zones adjacent to the deflector 2 on the one hand, a pressure less than the other, and bypassing the medium from one flow to another in the said zones, with the bypass being carried out from the central flow to the peripheral flow, and the creation of reduced pressure is carried out by organizing vortex structures in local zones 7 in the peripheral flow.

The diffuser for converting the energy of the flow of the medium works as follows.

Medium entering the diffuser,. moves in it through the central 3 and peripheral 4 cavities. When a peripheral flow is wrapped around spherical depressions 8 on the surface 9 of the deflector 2, localized tornado-like structures are formed in the local zones 7, oriented at an angle to the flow. Due to the vortex flow in the central part. The spherical depression lowers the pressure and from the central cavity 3 to the zone 7 of the peripheral cavity, the medium flows in the form of streams. The reduced pressure zones 7 extend to the area immediately adjacent to the spherical depressions 8, which makes it possible to place the outlet openings 11 of additional overflow channels 13 on this area and to additionally carry out the medium passage through the channels 10.

The guide vanes 12 or 13, reinforced on the surface of the deflector 2 on the side of the central 3 or peripheral 4 cavity, spin the flow near the deflector 2, which reduces hydraulic losses, increases the pressure drop across the deflector, and stabilizes the flow around the recesses 8.

The use of interscapular canals from the central stream to the peripheral one, and the creation of reduced pressure is carried out by organizing vortex structures in the local zones in the peripheral flow.

2. A diffuser for converting the energy of the flow of the medium, comprising a housing and a deflector located in

14 with a constant or decreasing Q package to form a central

the cross-sectional area allows minimizing the flow resistance compared to diffuser channels.

The invention makes it possible to increase the intensity of exchange processes several times in comparison with smooth channels, to reduce disruption phenomena in diffusers with a large flow area gradient.

Claims (4)

Invention Formula 1, A method of converting the energy of a flow of a medium in a diffuser, which includes feeding the medium into it, dividing it by means of a deflector into central and peripheral flows, creating in local zones adjacent to the deflector on the one hand, pressure less than the other, and bypassing the medium from one flow to another in the above-mentioned zones, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency by reducing hydraulic losses and intensifying heat and mass transfer, the medium is bypassed 20 25 thirty 35 and peripheral cavities and provided with bypass channels with outlet openings communicated with means for creating reduced pressure in local zones, characterized in that the means for producing reduced pressure are made in the form of spherical depressions on the surface of the deflector from the peripheral cavity, and the output Versions of the bypass channels are located in the lower portions of the recesses. 3. A diffuser according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with additional overflow channels, the outlet openings of which are located in zones adjacent to the spherical recesses. 4. Diffuser on PP. 2 and 3, characterized in that it is equipped with guide vanes, cantilever-mounted on the surface of the deflector from the side of the central or peripheral cavities to form interscapular channels with a cross-sectional area that does not increase along the medium flow. from the central stream to the peripheral one, and the creation of reduced pressure is accomplished by organizing vortex structures in the said local zones in the peripheral stream, 2. A diffuser for converting the energy of the flow of the medium, comprising a housing and a deflector located in housing to form a central housing to form a central and peripheral cavities and provided with overflow channels with outlets communicated with means for creating reduced pressure in local zones, characterized in that the means for creating reduced pressure are made in the form of spherical recesses on the surface of the deflector from the peripheral cavity and the outlets of the overflow channels located in the lower parts of the recesses. 3. A diffuser according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with additional overflow channels, the outlet openings of which are located in areas adjacent to the spherical recesses. 4. Diffuser on PP. 2 and 3, characterized in that it is equipped with guide vanes, cantilever-mounted on the surface of the deflector from the side of the central or peripheral cavities to form interscapular channels with a cross-sectional area that does not increase along the flow of the medium. 18 7 6 21 th uz.2